Effects of different LEDs light spectrum on the growth,leaf anatomy,and chloroplast ultrastructure of potato plantlets in vitro and minituber production after transplanting in the greenhouse

Light spectrum plays an important role in regulating the growth and development of in vitro cultured potato(Solanum tuberosum L.) plantlets. The status of potato plantlets at the end of in vitro stage influences the minituber production after transplanting. With 100 μmol m^-2s^-1 total photosynthetic photon flux density(PPFD), a light spectrum study of 100% red light emitting diodes(LEDs) light spectrum(RR), 100% blue LEDs light spectrum(BB), 65% red+35% blue LEDs light spectrum(RB), and 45% red+35% blue+20% green LEDs light spectrum(RBG) providing illumination at the in vitro cultured stage of potato plantlets for 4 weeks using fluorescent lamp as control(CK) was performed to investigate the effects of LEDs light spectrum on the growth, leaf anatomy, and chloroplast ultrastructure of potato plantlets in vitro as well as the minituber yield after 2 months transplanting in the greenhouse. Compared to CK, RB and RBG promoted the growth of potato plantlets in vitro with increased stem diameter, plantlet fresh weight, plantlet dry weight, and health index. Furthermore, BB induced the greatest stem diameter as well as the highest health index in potato plantlets in vitro. Root activity, soluble protein, and free amino acid were also significantly enhanced by BB, whereas carbohydrates were improved by RR. In addition, thickness of leaf, palisade parenchyma and spongy parenchyma was significantly increased by BB and RBG. Chloroplasts under BB and RBG showed well-developed grana thylakoid and stroma thylakoid. Unexpectedly, distinct upper epidermis with greatest thickness was induced and palisade parenchyma and spongy parenchyma were arranged neatly in RR. After transplanting in the greenhouse for 2 months, potato plantlets in vitro from BB, RB, and RBG produced high percentage of large size tuber. BB improved fresh and dry weights of the biggest tuber but decreased tuber number per plantlet. In addition, RBG increased tuber number as well as tuber fresh and dry weight slightly. Our results suggested monochromatic blue LEDs as well as combined red, blue or/and green LEDs light spectrum were superior to fluorescent lamp spectrum in micro-propagation of potato plantlets. Therefore, the application of RBG was suitable;BB and RB could be used as alternatives.

Transcriptome analysis reveals effects of red and blue lightemitting diodes(LEDs)on the growth,chlorophyll fluorescence and endogenous plant hormones of potato(Solanum tuberosum L.)plantlets cultured in vitro

Red and blue light illumination has been reported to significantly affect plantlet growth.Potato is an important food and feed crop in the world and potato plantlet cultured in vitro plays an important role in potato production.However,few studies have documented the effects of red and blue light on the growth of potato plantlets revealed at the transcriptome level.The objective of this study was to determine the growth and physiological responses of potato plantlets cultured in vitro under monochromatic red(RR),monochromatic blue(BB)as well as combined red and blue(RB)LEDs using the RNA-Seq technique.In total,3150 and 814 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were detected in potato plantlets under RR and BB,respectively,compared to RB(used as control).Compared to the control,the DEGs enriched in"photosynthesis"and"photosynthesis-antenna proteins"metabolic pathways were up-regulated and down-regulated by BB and RR,respectively,which might be responsible for the increases and decreases of maximum quantum yield(F_(v)/F_(m)),photochemical quantum yield(φ_(PSII)),photochemical quenching(q_(P))and electron transfer rate(ETR)in BB and RR,respectively.Potato plantlets exhibited dwarfed stems and extended leaves under BB,whereas elongated stems and small leaves were induced under RR.These dramatically altered plantlet phenotypes were associated with variable levels of endogenous plant hormones gibberellin(GAs),indoleacetic acid(IAA)and cytokinins(CKs),as assessed in stems and leaves of potato plantlets.In addition,monochromatic red and blue LEDs trigged the opposite expression profiles of DEGs identified in the"plant hormone signal transduction"metabolic pathway,which were closely related to the endogenous plant hormone levels in potato plantlets.Our results provide insights into the responses of potato plantlets cultured in vitro to red and blue LEDs at the transcriptomic level and may contribute to improvements in the micro-propagation of potato plantlets cultured in vitro from the light spectrum aspect.

LED光源不同光质比例对红掌试管苗生长的影响

以红掌品种"骄阳"试管苗为材料,研究LED光源不同光质比例对红掌试管苗生长的影响。结果表明:在70%R(红光)+30%B(蓝光)处理下,红掌试管苗的株高、叶数、干鲜质量、根系活力达到最大值;在80%R+20%B处理下,红掌试管苗的根数、根长、可溶性糖含量达到最大值;在50%R+50%B处理下,红掌试管苗的叶长、叶幅达到最大值,且在此处理下叶绿素a、叶绿素a+b、叶绿素a/b均达到最大值;蓝光处理下有利于干物质积累。红蓝组合光处理的红掌试管苗较单一红蓝光有明显优势,在50%R+50%B处理下有利于红掌试管苗的形态建成,其根系活力、可溶性糖含量均显著高于对照,是适宜红掌试管苗生长的最佳红蓝光配比。试验结果表明LED光源对促进红掌试管苗的生长和提高其品质效果明显。

不同红蓝光质比LED光源对铁皮石斛试管苗生长的影响

【目的】研究不同红蓝光质比LED光源对铁皮石斛试管苗生长的影响,为高品质的铁皮石斛试管苗生产提供理论依据,也为LED光源在植物组培中的应用和经济可行性分析提供参考。【方法】以铁皮石斛试管苗为试材,在LED光源的红光100%R(主波长640nm),蓝光100%B(主波长464nm),80%R+20%B,70%R+30%B,50%R+50%B 5种不同光质配比下培养,以普通荧光灯(PGFL)作为对照,比较经不同光质比处理90d后试管苗的形态指标、叶绿素、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白含量以及根系活力。【结果】铁皮石斛试管苗株高在100%R处理下达到最大值;叶数、根长均在80%R+20%B处理下达到最大值;根数在70%R+30%B处理下达到最大值。在50%R+50%B处理下,铁皮石斛试管苗的干鲜质量、叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素(a+b)、可溶性糖含量和根系活力均达到最大值。可溶性蛋白在100%B处理下达到最大值。【结论】红蓝光比例为1∶1时有利于铁皮石斛试管苗的生长、叶绿素合成及干物质和糖的积累。

LED光源不同光质比对白掌组培苗生长的影响

以白掌试管苗为试验材料,采用LED光源的蓝光(100%B)、80%R+20%B、70%R+30%B、50%R+50%B、红光(100%R)5种不同光质配比,以普通荧光灯(PGFL)作为对照,探讨不同光质比例对白掌组培苗生长的影响。结果表明:在80%R+20%B处理下,白掌组培苗的叶长、叶幅、根数、最大根长、根系活力、整株鲜重、地上鲜重和地下鲜重都达到最大值。因此,适合白掌组培苗生长的LED红蓝光的最佳比例为8∶2。

红蓝LED光照强度对非洲菊离体培养的影响

以光量比为4∶1的LED红蓝光作为光源,研究了不同光照强度对非洲菊离体培养的影响。结果表明:非洲菊增殖培养的最适宜LED光照强度是48μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1),在该光照强度条件下,非洲菊的增殖系数达6.28,增殖苗鲜重为1.31 g;非洲菊生根培养的最适LED光照强度是72μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1),在该光照强度条件下,非洲菊生根数为4.00条∕株,根长为2.02 cm,幼苗叶大、色绿、矮壮。

不同LED光源组合对金叶复叶槭组培苗生长的影响

以金叶复叶槭组培苗为试验材料,研究飞利浦公司V1和V3两种LED光源组合对其生长的影响.结果表明:V3+V3光源组合下金叶复叶槭组培苗最高,为3.04 cm,其次是V1+V3光源组合,苗高为2.9 cm,二者差异不显著;在V1+V3光源组合下,金叶复叶槭组培苗含总叶绿素量为2.71 mg/g,根数9.62条,根长5.74 cm,根系活力0.087 mg/(g·h),均极显著高于其他处理.LED光源V1+V3组合更适合金叶复叶槭组培苗生长.

不同LED光质对铁皮石斛瓶内开花的影响

【目的】分析不同LED光质对铁皮石斛瓶内开花的影响,为石斛花期调控和试管花卉的开发利用提供参考依据。【方法】以无菌铁皮石斛原球茎为试材,进行4种LED光质[红蓝绿复合光(RBG)、红光(R)、蓝光(B)和白光(W)]照射处理,以白色荧光灯照射为对照(CK),100 d后测定各处理组培苗的形态和生理指标。【结果】经4种LED光质处理铁皮石斛组培苗的叶片数、叶长、叶宽、根粗和株高与CK差异不显著(P>0.05,下同);经R处理铁皮石斛组培苗的根数、根长和鲜重均最大,分别为8.67条、3.20 cm和0.32 g,其中根数和鲜重显著高于其他处理(P<0.05,下同);不同光质处理铁皮石斛组培苗瓶内开花率排序为RBG处理>W处理>CK>R处理>B处理,其中,B处理未开花,RBG处理铁皮石斛组培苗瓶内开花率最高,为45.4%,显著高于其他处理,平均每株开花3.33朵,始花期也最早,比CK提前14.67 d;RBG处理铁皮石斛组培苗的可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量最高,分别为4.23%和4.67%,显著高于其他处理;RBG和B处理植株的全氮含量最高,均为3.68%,显著高于其他处理;RBG、R和W处理的C/N差异不显著,但三者显著小于CK,显著大于B处理。【结论】以LED光质中的红+蓝+绿光复合照射铁皮石斛组培苗有利于其在瓶内开花,且花期早,开花率高。

Ⅱ-Ⅵ族量子点掺杂玻璃的光学性质及研究进展

由于量子限域效应,尺寸可调的Ⅱ-Ⅵ族量子点掺杂玻璃在光学滤波片、非线性光学器件上的应用已经被广泛研究。玻璃中量子点的光学性质主要由量子点的尺寸、表面状态和周围基质环境决定,通过提高Se/Cd比可以有效地对量子点的表面缺陷进行钝化,实现CdSe量子点的本征发光;进一步调整热处理制度可以促进Zn离子扩散进入CdSe量子点表面,形成CdSe/Cd_(1-x)Zn_xSe核壳结构,使得缺陷发光几乎完全猝灭,从而提高量子点的荧光量子效率;在玻璃中原位合成的CdS/ZnS核壳结构量子点的荧光量子效率可达到53%。随着基础研究中玻璃中Ⅱ-Ⅵ族量子点荧光效率的不断提高,发光二极管(LED)等小型发光器件的制造成为可能。为了满足实际需要,建立核壳结构中量子点表面钝化机理模型,进一步优化量子点荧光效率是下一步需要解决的问题。

不同LED光谱对马铃薯组培苗生长和内源激素变化的影响

为研究不同光质对马铃薯组培苗形态生长及内源激素水平的影响,以‘中薯4号’马铃薯组培苗单节茎段为外植体,白色LED光源作对照(CK),探究5种不同光质的LED光源处理即100%红光(RR),100%蓝光(BB),100%绿光(GG),75%红光+25%蓝光(RB)和45%红光+35%蓝光+20%绿光(RBG)对马铃薯组培苗生长和内源激素含量的影响。结果表明,单色光处理显著改变组培苗的生长形态,RR和GG处理下组培苗茎秆纤细;BB处理下的组培苗茎秆粗矮。RB和RBG处理下组培苗在茎长、茎粗、叶面积和根系总长度等形态指标方面均高于CK。BB通过增加各生长期组培苗叶片内源细胞分裂素(IPA、ZR和DHZR)含量,促进叶片生长发育;RR通过提高组培苗根系内源ABA含量,增加根系抗胁迫能力;在整个生长期,RR和GG处理的马铃薯组培苗茎中高浓度的内源GAs和IAA协同作用刺激茎细胞伸长和节间伸长,显著增加了组培苗茎长和节间长。总之,不同LED光谱通过参与调控马铃薯组培苗各器官内源激素的分布进而影响其生长。

不同红蓝光质比和光照强度对金娃娃萱草试管苗生长的影响

【目的】研究LED红蓝不同光质比和光照强度对金娃娃萱草试管苗生长的影响,为提供高品质的金娃娃萱草试管苗提供理论依据。【方法】采用LED光源的红光R(主波长640nm)、蓝光B(主波长464nm),设计5种不同光质配比(100%R、80%R+20%B、70%R+30%B、50%R+50%B、100%B),以普通荧光灯作为对照(CK),从中筛选出最佳光质比;在最佳光质比条件下,设置不同光照强度(30,40,50,60μmol/(m^2·s)),测定不同光质比和光照强度处理下金娃娃萱草试管苗的形态指标、叶绿素、类胡萝卜素、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白含量以及根系活力。【结果】金娃娃萱草株高和可溶性蛋白含量以单一蓝光处理最大,最大根长和可溶性糖含量以单一红光处理最大,叶数、叶绿素、类胡萝卜素含量和根系活力均以70%R+30%B处理最大,根数和干鲜质量均以80%R+20%B处理最大。株高、叶数、根数、干鲜质量、叶绿素及可溶性蛋白含量均以光照强度为50μmol/(m^2·s)处理最大,最大根长以光照强度为30μmol/(m^2·s)处理最大,可溶性糖含量和根系活力以光照强度为60μmol/(m^2·s)处理最大。【结论】当LED红蓝光质比为70%R+30%B、光照强度为50μmol/(m^2·s)时,更适于金娃娃萱草试管苗的生长及品质的提高。

不同光源对百合试管苗生长及生理特性的影响

以百合品种索尔邦试管苗为材料,研究不同照光光源(LED、CCFL和PGFL)处理对百合试管苗生长及生理特性的影响。结果表明:LED照光处理下,百合试管苗的根数、根长、根部及整体干鲜质量、气孔密度、可溶性蛋白、叶绿素含量和根系活力均达到最大值;CCFL照光处理下百合试管苗株高、叶长、地上部干鲜质量达到最大值;PGFL照光处理下百合试管苗的干物率达到最大值。气孔大小、气孔面积与气孔密度呈现负相关。综上所述,LED光源照光处理对促进百合试管苗的生长和提高其品质效果明显。

Plantlet regeneration through somatic embryogenesis in Nordmann's fir (Abies nordmanniana)

I studied the influence of various combinations of auxin and cytokinin concentrations, and the increased content of zinc and enzymatic casein hydrolizate in SH medium on initiation and proliferation of embryogenic callus of Abies nordmanniana （Steven） Spach. Addition- ally, the effect of ABA, PEG-4000 and different wave- lengths on the maturation of somatic embryos was tested. The use of optimum composition of modified SH medium with BA, KIN and 2.4-D while simultaneously ensuring appropriate external conditions resulted in 15.5 % embryogenesis. Finally, satisfactory results of microprop- agation of A. nordmanniana by somatic embryogenesis were obtained providing seven lines of embryogenic callus with high proliferation capacity. Those lines gave properly developed seedlings in white LED light with a wavelength of 400-700 nm, preceded by eight-week vernalization treatment of the callus. This paper may provide a protocol by which all stages of somatic embryogenesis of A. nord- manniana can be carded out, including the preceding 24-h seed disinfection with NaOCl and PVP, which resulted in 100 % frequency of uninfected zygotic embryos that were capable of starting embryogenesis.

光控残余效应对马铃薯组培苗生长的影响

光环境可以改变马铃薯组培苗的形态特征,同样,光环境变化也会对马铃薯组培苗的生长产生影响。为了探究原始光环境调控残余效应对马铃薯组培苗产生的影响,试验收集了非连续性LED光源(T0)下培养的‘克新1号’马铃薯组培苗,重新接种后分别置于荧光灯(Fluorescentlight,FL)和全光谱LED(WholespectrumLEDlight,W-LED)光源下连续培养五代,并持续监测新光环境下第一、二、三、五代马铃薯组培苗的生长情况。调整光环境后,新光环境下的第一代马铃薯组培苗受到外植体内原始光环境调控残余效应的影响,其生长情况显著异于该光环境下其他代数的马铃薯组培苗。第一代28d苗龄组培苗的株高、增殖系数显著低于第二、三、五代,随着新光环境调控的持续影响,荧光灯下第二、三、五代的株高、增殖系数和壮苗指数的平均增长率分别为16.31%、16.35%和23.36%,全光谱LED光源下分别为8.80%、11.28%和36.08%。两种新光环境下相同苗龄的第一代组培苗的脱落酸(Abscisicacid,ABA)、吲哚乙酸(Indoleaceticacid,IAA)和赤霉素(Gibberellins3,GA3)含量均低于其他代数。不同代数茎叶部分内源激素变化表明,原始光环境控制效应会在马铃薯组培苗外植体中保留。然而,随着新光环境的持续影响,原始光控残余效应逐渐消退,马铃薯组培苗开始适应新的光环境,并逐步表现出与其相匹配的生理特点。全光谱LED光环境下第三代组培苗的壮苗指数和增殖系数分别较荧光灯光环境高36.67%和25.15%,第五代分别比荧光灯光环境高45.26%和12.81%。因此,全光谱LED光环境更适用于以培养壮苗、快速扩繁为目的的马铃薯组培苗生产中。

不同光质对对萼猕猴桃试管苗生长的影响

通过开展LED红蓝不同光质对对萼猕猴桃试管苗生长的影响试验,结果表明,红光及红光比例高的光质处理有利于促进试管苗株高的增长,蓝光对株高有显著的抑制作用;红光可促进植株鲜重的增加,但试管苗干物率较低;蓝光处理有利于促进试管苗叶绿素含量的增加。利用隶属函数法评价试管苗综合素质,75%红光+25%蓝光光质条件下,对萼猕猴桃试管苗生长最佳。