Survey on smoking habit and other related factors has been carried out among 110 , 000 persons in urban area and 100, 000 persons in suburb and outar suburb area. The degrees of air pollution among three areas are di...Survey on smoking habit and other related factors has been carried out among 110 , 000 persons in urban area and 100, 000 persons in suburb and outar suburb area. The degrees of air pollution among three areas are different and the urban area is the one with the heaviest degree and the outer suburb with the lowest. Study on the relationship between smoking, air pollution and lung cancer has been carried out among the residents with the age of 40 years old and over in the three areas. The subjects were followed up for six years in urban area and five years in suburb and outer suburb. The total number of lung cancer death found in this period was 828. Most of these diagnosis were classified as group of high (I or II) degree. For nonsmoking, there were no significant differences of standardized mortality radio (SMR) of lung cancer among three areas. For male smokers. the highest SMR of lung cancer was seen in urban area. the lowest in outer suburb and these differences reached the significant lever. Cigarette smoking was significantly associated with increased risk of lung cancer by comparing the data between smokers and non-smokera in the three areas. Also, it was showed that the combined effect of smoking with air pollution probably existed. The age-specific mortality rates for lung cancer among non-smokers in Shanghai urban were much higher than those in West Europe and North America , which indicated that risk factors other than smoking may exist.展开更多
Death toll by smoke in fire is estimated at 70% which emphasizes the importance of smoke control system to deal with the fire smoke. In advanced countries, the studies on method to prevent smoke spread by forming the ...Death toll by smoke in fire is estimated at 70% which emphasizes the importance of smoke control system to deal with the fire smoke. In advanced countries, the studies on method to prevent smoke spread by forming the air curtain using high velocity jet flow are underway now. In this study, a linear-jet type air curtain system is proposed to prevent the smoke spread and analysis of flow characteristics of pressure chamber, which is the core component, is conducted through numerical analysis and experimental approach. Consequently, the pressure was increased in 2D functional way to input air flowrate and about 595 Pa pressure was formed at pressure chamber inlet in response to 30 m/s nozzle jet velocity.展开更多
文摘Survey on smoking habit and other related factors has been carried out among 110 , 000 persons in urban area and 100, 000 persons in suburb and outar suburb area. The degrees of air pollution among three areas are different and the urban area is the one with the heaviest degree and the outer suburb with the lowest. Study on the relationship between smoking, air pollution and lung cancer has been carried out among the residents with the age of 40 years old and over in the three areas. The subjects were followed up for six years in urban area and five years in suburb and outer suburb. The total number of lung cancer death found in this period was 828. Most of these diagnosis were classified as group of high (I or II) degree. For nonsmoking, there were no significant differences of standardized mortality radio (SMR) of lung cancer among three areas. For male smokers. the highest SMR of lung cancer was seen in urban area. the lowest in outer suburb and these differences reached the significant lever. Cigarette smoking was significantly associated with increased risk of lung cancer by comparing the data between smokers and non-smokera in the three areas. Also, it was showed that the combined effect of smoking with air pollution probably existed. The age-specific mortality rates for lung cancer among non-smokers in Shanghai urban were much higher than those in West Europe and North America , which indicated that risk factors other than smoking may exist.
文摘Death toll by smoke in fire is estimated at 70% which emphasizes the importance of smoke control system to deal with the fire smoke. In advanced countries, the studies on method to prevent smoke spread by forming the air curtain using high velocity jet flow are underway now. In this study, a linear-jet type air curtain system is proposed to prevent the smoke spread and analysis of flow characteristics of pressure chamber, which is the core component, is conducted through numerical analysis and experimental approach. Consequently, the pressure was increased in 2D functional way to input air flowrate and about 595 Pa pressure was formed at pressure chamber inlet in response to 30 m/s nozzle jet velocity.
