Experiment of dynamic seepage of tight/shale oil under matrix fracture coupling

A physical simulation method with a combination of dynamic displacement and imbibition was established by integrating nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)and CT scanning.The microscopic production mechanism of tight/shale oil in pore throat by dynamic imbibition and the influencing factors on the development effect of dynamic imbibition were analyzed.The dynamic seepage process of fracking-soaking-backflow-production integration was simulated,which reveals the dynamic production characteristics at different development stages and their contribution to enhancing oil recovery(EOR).The seepage of tight/shale reservoirs can be divided into three stages:strong displacement and weak imbibition as oil produced rapidly by displacement from macropores and fractures,weak displacement and strong imbibition as oil produced slowly by reverse imbibition from small pores,and weak displacement and weak imbibition at dynamic equilibrium.The greater displacement pressure results in the higher displacement recovery and the lower imbibition recovery.However,if the displacement pressure is too high,the injected water is easy to break through the front and reduce the recovery degree.The higher the permeability,the greater the imbibition and displacement recovery,the shorter the time of imbibition balance,and the higher the final recovery.The fractures can effectively increase the imbibition contact area between matrix and water,reduce the oil-water seepage resistance,promote the oil-water displacement between matrix and fracture,and improve the oil displacement rate and recovery of the matrix.The soaking after fracturing is beneficial to the imbibition replacement and energy storage of the fluid;also,the effective use of the carrying of the backflow fluid and the displacement in the mining stage is the key to enhancing oil recovery.

Application of CD34 expression combined with three-phase dynamic contrast-enhanced computed tomography scanning in preoperative staging of gastric cancer

BACKGROUND Accurate preoperative staging of gastric cancer(GC),a common malignant tumor worldwide,is critical for appropriate treatment plans and prognosis.Dynamic three-phase enhanced computed tomography(CT)scanning for preoperative staging of GC has limitations in evaluating tumor angiogenesis.CD34,a marker on vascular endothelial cell surfaces,is promising in evaluating tumor angiogenesis.We explored the value of their combination for preoperative staging of GC to improve the efficacy and prognosis of patients with GC.Medical records of 106 patients with GC treated at the First People's Hospital of Lianyungang between February 2021 and January 2023 were retrospectively studied.All patients underwent three-phase dynamic contrast-enhanced CT scanning before surgery,and CD34 was detected in gastroscopic biopsy specimens.Using surgical and pathological results as the gold standard,the diagnostic results of three-phase dynamic contrast-enhanced CT scanning at different T and N stages were analyzed,and the expression of CD34-marked microvessel density(MVD)at different T and N stages was determined.The specificity and sensitivity of three-phase dynamic contrast-enhanced CT and CD34 in T and N staging were calculated;those of the combined diagnosis of the two were evaluated in parallel.Independent factors affecting lymph node metastasis were analyzed using multiple logistic regression.RESULTS The accuracy of three-phase dynamic contrast-enhanced CT scanning in diagnosing stages T1,T2,T3 and T4 were 68.00%,75.00%,79.41%,and 73.68%,respectively,and for diagnosing stages N0,N1,N2,and N3 were 75.68%,74.07%,85.00%,and 77.27%,respectively.CD34-marked MVD expression increased with increasing T and N stages.Specificity and sensitivity of three-phase dynamic contrast-enhanced CT in T staging were 86.79%and 88.68%;for N staging,89.06%and 92.86%;for CD34 in T staging,64.15%and 88.68%;and for CD34 in N staging,84.38%and 78.57%,respectively.Specificity and sensitivity of joint diagnosis in T staging were 55.68%and 98.72%,and N staging were 75.15%and 98.47%,respectively,with the area under the curve for diagnosis improving accordingly.According to multivariate analysis,a longer tumor diameter,higher pathological T stage,lower differ-entiation degree,and higher expression of CD34-marked MVD were independent risk factors for lymph node metastasis in patients with GC.CONCLUSION With high accuracy in preoperatively determining the invasion depth and lymph node metastasis of GC,CD34 expression and three-phase dynamic contrast-enhanced CT can provide a reliable basis for surgical resection.

Battlefield dynamic scanning and staring imaging system based on fast steering mirror

This paper presents the design of an experimental battlefield dynamic scanning and staring imaging system based on a fast steering mirror(FSM), which is capable of real-time monitoring of hot targets and wide-area reconnaissance of hot regions. First,the working principle and working sequence of the FSM are briefly analyzed. The mathematical model of the FSM system is built by modeling its dynamic and electrical properties, and the rationality of the model is validated by means of model identification. Second,the influence of external sources of disturbance such as the carrier and moment on the control precision of the FSM is effectively suppressed by the jointly controlling of proportional integral(PI)and disturbance observer(DOB), thus realizing a high precision and strong robustness control of the FSM system. Then, this paper designs an experimental prototype and introduces a special optical structure to enable the infrared camera to share the FSM with the visible light camera. Finally, the influence of the velocity difference between the mirror of the FSM and the rotating platform on the imaging quality of the system is experimentally analyzed by using the image sharpness evaluation method based on point sharpness. A good dynamic scanning and staring imaging result is achieved when the velocity of these two components correspond.

Conductive path and local oxygen-vacancy dynamics:Case study of crosshatched oxides

By employing scanning probe microscopy,conductive path and local oxygen-vacancy dynamics have been investigated in crosshatched La_(0.7)Sr_(0.3)MnO_(3) thin films grown onto flat and vicinal LaAlO_(3)(001)single crystal substrates.Consistent with prior studies,the crosshatch topography was observed first by dynamical force microscopy as the epi-stain started to release with increasing film thickness.Second,by using conductive atomic force microscopy(CAFM),conductive crosshatch and dots(locally aligned or random)were unravelled,however,not all of which necessarily coincided with that shown in the in situ atomic force microscopy.Furthermore,the current-voltage responses were probed by CAFM,revealing the occurrence of threshold and/or memristive switchings.Our results demonstrate that the resistive switching relies on the evolution of the local profile and concentration of oxygen vacancies,which,in the crosshatched films,are modulated by both the misfit and threading dislocations.

The Scanning Characteristics of Spatial and Temporal Dynamic Pictures of the Seismicity in the South Yellow Sea and Its Coast Region

On the basis of the viewpoint of preparation of strong earthquakes in group, the spatial andtemporal scanning characteristics of the seismicity in the South Yellow Sea and its coast regionare studied, and some problems regarding the prediction of seismic hazard are also discussed.The results show that the seismic activity of M=4. 0 earthquakes has overall presented arelative stable state, but the partially concentrated area wbich evolves and migrates and theanomalous low b-value area have appeared in different periods, and the moderately strongearthquakes with M=5. 0～6. 0 have taken place on the edge of the anomalous area. Theaccumulative frequency of M=4. 0 earthquakes in the anomalous area presents non-linearindex acceleration and the moderately strong earthquakes have appeared in the late period ofthe non-linear index acceleration of M=4. 0 earthquakes or in the later anomalous tranquilperiotl. The spatial and temporal uneven Phenomenon of seismicity has some stability andreproducibility, and has

Study of image reconstruction using dynamic grids in tomographic gamma scanning

In this paper, a new image reconstruction algorithm employing dynamic grids technique is proposed for tomographic gamma scanning. The key feature of the algorithm is the use of adaptive grid refinement in areas that indicate large values. Simulation results show that the application of dynamic grids has a good performance in emission reconstruction with a distinct advantage in the accurate positioning of the 'hot spots' and reducing the number of grids, but doesn't achieve a tangible improvement in transmission reconstruction.

Overall-Transparent Dynamic Identifier-Mapping Mechanism Against Scanning and Worm Propagation in the SINET

Static assignment of IP addresses or identifiers can be exploited by an adversary to attack a network. However, existing dynamic IP address assignment approaches suffer from two limitations, namely: participation of terminals in the assignment and inadequate network server management. Thus, in this paper, we propose an Overall-transparent Dynamic Identifier-mapping Mechanism(ODIM) to manage the identifier of network nodes to defend against scanning and worm propagation in the Smart Identifier NETwork(SINET). We establish the selection and allocation constraints, and present selection and allocation algorithms to determine the constraints. The non-repetition probability and cover cycle allow us to evaluate the defense efficiency against scanning. We propose the probability for routing identifiers and derive the defense efficiency of ODIM against worm propagation. Simulation results and theoretical analysis show that the proposed method effectively reduces the detection probability of Routing IDentifiers(RIDs) and thus improves defense capabilities against worm propagation.

Identification of key residues in protein functional movements by using molecular dynamics simulations combined with a perturbation-response scanning method

The realization of protein functional movement is usually accompanied by specific conformational changes,and there exist some key residues that mediate and control the functional motions of proteins in the allosteric process.In the present work,the perturbation-response scanning method developed by our group was combined with the molecular dynamics(MD)simulation to identify the key residues controlling the functional movement of proteins.In our method,a physical quantity that is directly related to protein specific function was introduced,and then based on the MD simulation trajectories,the perturbation-response scanning method was used to identify the key residues for functional motions,in which the residues that highly correlated with the fluctuation of the function-related quantity were identified as the key residues controlling the specific functional motions of the protein.Two protein systems,i.e.,the heat shock protein 70 and glutamine binding protein,were selected as case studies to validate the effectiveness of our method.Our calculated results are in good agreement with the experimental results.The location of the key residues in the two proteins are similar,indicating the similar mechanisms behind the performance of their biological functions.

Correlation between CT dynamic enhanced scanning parameters and serum tumor markers before and after radiofrequency ablation in patients with lung cancer

Objective:To study the correlation between CT dynamic enhanced scanning parameters and serum tumor markers before and after radiofrequency ablation in patients with lung cancer.Methods:60 patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer who were treated in this hospital between January 2015 and January 2017 were divided into control group(n=30)and observation group(n=30)by random number table method.Control group received conventional intravenous chemotherapy,and observation group received intravenous chemotherapy combined with radiofrequency ablation.The differences in CT dynamic enhanced scanning parameter levels and serum tumor marker contents were compared between the two groups of patients before and after treatment.Pearson test was used to evaluate the correlation between CT dynamic enhanced scanning parameters and serum tumor marker contents in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer.Results:Before treatment,the differences in CT dynamic enhanced scanning parameter levels,non-organ-specific tumor marker contents and vascular tumor marker contents were not statistically significant between the two groups of patients(P>0.05).After treatment,CT dynamic enhanced scanning parameters PH and perfusion value levels of observation group were lower than those of control group(P<0.05);serum non-organ specific tumor markers CA125,CA153,CEA and CYFRA21-1 contents of observation group were lower than those of control group;serum vascular tumor markers VEGF,Ang-2,HIF-1 and MMP-9 contents were lower than those of control group(P<0.05).Pearson test showed that CT dynamic enhanced scanning parameters PH and perfusion value levels in patients with non-small cell lung cancer were positively correlated with serum non-organ specific tumor marker and vascular tumor marker contents.Conclusion:Adjuvant radiofrequency ablation can significantly reduce the tumor malignancy of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer.

Visualization of atomic scale reaction dynamics of supported nanocatalysts during oxidation and ammonia synthesis using in-situ environmental(scanning) transmission electron microscopy

Reaction dynamics in gases at operating temperatures at the atomic level are the basis of heterogeneous gas-solid catalyst reactions and are crucial to the catalyst function.Supported noble metal nanocatalysts such as platinum are of interest in fuel cells and as diesel oxidation catalysts for pollution control,and practical ruthenium nanocatalysts are explored for ammonia synthesis.Graphite and graphitic carbons are of interest as supports for the nanocatalysts.Despite considerable literature on the catalytic processes on graphite and graphitic supports,reaction dynamics of the nanocatalysts on the supports in different reactive gas environments and operating temperatures at the single atom level are not well understood.Here we present real time in-situ observations and analyses of reaction dynamics of Pt in oxidation,and practical Ru nanocatalysts in ammonia synthesis,on graphite and related supports under controlled reaction environments using a novel in-situ environmental(scanning) transmission electron microscope with single atom resolution.By recording snapshots of the reaction dynamics,the behaviour of the catalysts is imaged.The images reveal single metal atoms,clusters of a few atoms on the graphitic supports and the support function.These all play key roles in the mobility,sintering and growth of the catalysts.The experimental findings provide new structural insights into atomic scale reaction dynamics,morphology and stability of the nanocatalysts.

Changes of CT dynamic contrast-enhanced scan parameters in patients with lung cancer before and after radiofrequency ablation

Objective:To study the changes of CT dynamic contrast-enhanced scan parameters in patients with lung cancer before and after radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and their correlation with serum tumor markers.Methods:A total of 60 patients who were diagnosed with lung adenocarcinoma in the Second Hospital of Yulin City between May 2015 and January 2017 were selected and randomly divided into the RFA group and control group who received RFA combined with GP chemotherapy and GP chemotherapy alone respectively. Before and after treatment, CT dynamic contrast-enhanced scan was performed to calculate blood perfusion parameters, and serum was collected to determine the contents of cancer cell proliferation activity molecules, angiogenesis molecules and cell invasion molecules.Results: After treatment, BF, BV, MTT and PS levels as well as serum CYFRA21-1, SCC-Ag, TK-1, HE-4, TPS, HDGF, VEGF, PCDGF, bFGF, NGAL, MMP7, MMP9 and OPN contents of both groups of patients were significantly lower than those before treatment, and BF, BV, MTT and PS levels as well as serum CYFRA21-1, SCC-Ag, TK-1, HE-4, TPS, HDGF, VEGF, PCDGF, bFGF, NGAL, MMP7, MMP9 and OPN contents of RFA group after treatment were significantly lower than those of control group.Conclusions:The changes of CT dynamic contrast-enhanced scan parameters in patients with lung cancer before and after radiofrequency ablation suggest that the blood perfusion significantly reduces and is closely related to cancer cell proliferation and invasion as well as angiogenesis.

探讨磁共振fl3D_cor_dynamic序列在鼻咽癌动态增强扫描中的意义

目的探讨磁共振fl3D_cor_dynamic序列在鼻咽癌动态增强扫描中的应用价值。方法对80例鼻咽癌患者采用fl3D_cor_dynamic序列行MRI动态扫描,分析扫描参数的设置,并利用西门子公司所提供的图像分析后处理软件包,对动态增强MRI 图像进行后处理、观察及测量各种动态参数。结果用fl3D_cor_dynamic序列进行鼻咽癌动态扫描比传统动态扫描方法更有优势。结论用fl3D_cor_dynamic序列鼻咽癌MRI动态扫描技术对鼻咽癌的诊断、鉴别诊断有一定的应用价值。

A case of occult insulinoma localized by pancreatic dynamic enhanced spiral CT

Insulinomas are the most common category of pancreatic endocrine tumors,with an annual incidence of 1-4 cases per million people.Most are intrapancreatic,benign and solitary.Therefore,they have an excellent prognosis after surgical resection.However,the localization diagnosis of insulinomas still poses a challenge to surgeons and radiologists.In this case,the tumor was occult and could not be found by either abdominal enhanced spiral computed tomography(CT)or ultrasonography.Therefore,we tried a new method of CT scanning and localized the tumor.

Ultrafast dynamics observation during femtosecond laser-material interaction

Femtosecond laser technology has attracted significant attention from the viewpoints of fundamental and application;especially femtosecond laser processing materials present the unique mechanism of laser-material interaction.Under the extreme nonequilibrium conditions imposed by femtosecond laser irradiation,many fundamental questions concerning the physical origin of the material removal process remain unanswered.In this review,cutting-edge ultrafast dynamic observation techniques for investigating the fundamental questions,including timeresolved pump-probe shadowgraphy,ultrafast continuous optical imaging,and four-dimensional ultrafast scanning electron microscopy,are comprehensively surveyed.Each technique is described in depth,beginning with its basic principle,followed by a description of its representative applications in laser-material interaction and its strengths and limitations.The consideration of temporal and spatial resolutions and panoramic measurement at different scales are two major challenges.Hence,the prospects for technical advancement in this field are discussed finally.

Application and dynamical performance simulation of tooth surface measured data of hypoid gear

准双曲面齿轮齿面形状非常复杂,可以用点阵式测量和扫描式测量法对齿轮的齿面精度进行测量。比较了两种测量模式的优缺点,分析了测量数据在齿轮齿面品质管理中的应用,研究了如何利用这些测量数据进行准双曲面齿轮的动态性能仿真,并且对接触斑点、齿根应力、振动激振力以及齿面上的载荷分布、赫芝接触应力等动态性能指标进行智能预测。该项研究对设计与制造低振动噪音的准双曲面齿轮有重要指导意义。

基于图像检索技术的受载煤样裂隙演化规律

在煤岩试样破坏过程中进行计算机断层(computed tomography,CT)扫描测试,可实现煤岩试样内部裂隙结构可视化表征,但是在加载过程中,因试样位移变形会引起CT扫描层定位误差,进而影响试验结果准确性。为了解决这一问题,利用图像相似性检索技术,检索出受载试样在不同应力水平下的最相似的CT图像,从而更加准确地描述受载煤样裂隙演化规律。研究结果表明:在三轴压缩破坏过程中,试样应力应变曲线分为5个明显的阶段,即初始压密阶段、线弹性变形阶段、塑性屈服阶段、峰值破坏阶段以及残余变形阶段。基于感知哈希算法的图像检索技术能够准确识别并定位不同应力阶段相似度最高的CT图像,且CT图像相似度随着轴向荷载不断增大而逐渐降低。在整个三轴加载过程中,CT图像的相似度绝对差均值表现出两个明显的变化阶段:缓慢增加阶段和快速增加阶段。分形维数可以定量描述裂隙演化,受载样品破坏过程中分形维数主要经历了缓慢减小、缓慢增大和快速增大3个阶段。

MR动态增强扫描减影技术评估肝癌肝动脉栓塞化疗和射频消融术疗效价值研究

目的:探讨MR动态增强扫描减影技术评估肝癌肝动脉栓塞化疗(TACE)和射频消融术(RFA)疗效价值。方法:选取2020年12月-2023年11月于我院进行治疗的40例肝癌患者,依据治疗方式的不同分为观察组与对照组,每组各20例。对照组患者和观察组患者均进行MR检查,对照组患者行TACE治疗方法,观察组患者行RFA治疗方法,对比两组患者的临床疗效、不良反应发生情况、肿瘤灭活率、肝功能以及AFP水平。结果:观察组的总有效率为100.00%,对照组的总有效率为75.00%,经过对比,有显著性差异(P<0.05);对照组不良反应发生率为30.00%,观察组不良反应发生率为5.00%,经过对比,有显著性差异(P<0.05);观察组的肿瘤灭活率为92.86%,对照组的肿瘤灭活率为78.95%,经过对比,有显著性差异(P<0.05);治疗之后,两组患者的ALT和AST均高于治疗之前,观察组显而易见低于对照组,AFP水平低于治疗之前,并且观察组显而易见低于对照组,有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论:对使用MR动态增强扫描减影技术来进行评估的肝癌患者运用RFA进行治疗,能够显著提高患者的临床治疗效果、降低不良反应发生率、提高肿瘤灭活的几率,以及能够明显改善患者肝功能和提高患者的生活质量与水平,值得在临床进行推广。

基质裂缝耦合下的致密油/页岩油动态渗流实验

基于核磁共振和CT扫描技术建立了动态驱渗结合的物理模拟实验方法,分析了致密油/页岩油动态渗吸微观孔喉动用机制及影响动态渗吸开发效果的因素,模拟了致密油/页岩油压裂—焖井—返排—开采一体化的动态渗流过程,明确了不同开发阶段的生产动态特征及对采出程度的贡献。研究表明:致密油/页岩油储层的渗流可分为大孔隙与裂缝间驱替快速产出的强驱替弱渗吸、小孔隙逆向渗吸缓慢采出的弱驱替强渗吸、动态平衡时的弱驱替弱渗吸3个阶段。驱替压力越大,驱替采出程度越高,渗吸采出程度越低,但驱替压力过大注入水易突破前缘,降低采出程度。渗透率越高,渗吸、驱替采出程度越大,渗吸平衡时间越短,最终采出率越高。裂缝可有效加大基质与水的渗吸接触面积,降低油水渗流阻力,促进基质、裂缝间的油水置换,提高基质排油速度和采收率。压裂后进行焖井有利于流体的渗吸置换与增能蓄能,有效利用返排液的携带、开采阶段的排驱置换作用是提高采收率的关键。

基于三维点云的轮对踏面轮廓动态测量教学实验设计

通过MV-DP090-02B激光轮廓传感器获取轨道车辆轮对踏面轮廓影像信息,再将物体表面轮廓位置转化为三维点云数据,并对数据进行降噪和特征提取,然后对踏面轮廓进行三维重建。文章结合轮对踏面动态测量实验,对轮对低速转动过程中的踏面轮廓进行了扫描。数据处理结果表明,基于MV-DP090-02B激光轮廓传感器获取的三维扫描点云数据及相关数据处理,可以动态测量轮对转动过程中的踏面轮廓;MV-DP090-02B激光轮廓传感器能够满足实验室的测量需求,操作简便,是“轨道交通车辆机械检修”课程实验中轮对踏面轮廓获取的一种新方法。

基于动态对比增强磁共振成像列线图对直肠癌淋巴血管浸润的预测价值

目的探讨动态对比增强磁共振成像(DCE-MRI)技术定量参数在评估直肠癌淋巴血管浸润(LVI)中的价值。方法回顾性分析2019年1月至2022年12月浙江省立同德医院住院治疗的79例直肠癌患者的临床资料,根据病理结果将其分为LVI阴性组及LVI阳性组。比较两组临床病理特征;比较两组DCE-MRI的定量参数[容量转移常数(K^(trans))、血管外细胞外间隙体积百分比值(V_(e))、速率常数(K_(ep))]及表面扩散系数(ADC);分析LVI阳性的影响因素;受试者操作特征曲线评估各参数模型的预测效能。结果79例患者中,LVI阴性46例,LVI阳性33例。两组病理T分期、病理N分期、长径比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。LVI阳性组K^(trans)、K_(ep)、V_(e)值高于LVI阴性组(P<0.05);两组ADC值比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。K^(trans)(OR=143.46)和V_(e)(OR=50.92)为直肠癌LVI阳性的危险因素(P<0.05)。列线图预测直肠癌LVI阳性的曲线下面积值高于V_(e)(P<0.05)。校准曲线显示,列线图对直肠癌LVI有较好的预测能力。结论利用DCE-MRI定量参数K^(rans)、V_(e)值构建的列线图在预测直肠癌LVI中具有重要价值。