Synthesis of Y_2O_3 particle enhanced Ni/TiC composite on TC4 Ti alloy by laser cladding

A Y2O3 particle enhanced Ni/TiC composite coating was fabricated in-situ on a TC4 Ti alloy by laser surface cladding. The phase component, microstructure, composition distribution and properties of the composite layer were investigated. The composite layer has graded microstructures and compositions, due to the fast melting followed by rapid solidification and cooling during laser cladding. The TiC powders are completely dissolved into the melted layer during melting and segregated as fine dendrites when solidified. The size of TiC dendrites decreases with increasing depth. Y2O3 fine particles distribute in the whole clad layer. The Y2O3 particle enhanced Ni/TiC composite layer has a quite uniform hardness along depth with a maximum value of HV1380, which is 4 times higher than the initial hardness. The wear resistance of the Ti alloy is significantly improved after laser cladding due to the high hardness of the composite coating.

Morphology and Frictional Characteristics Under Electrical Currents of Al_2O_3/Cu Composites Prepared by Internal Oxidation

Two Al2O3/Cu composites containing 0.24 wt.% Al2O3 and 0.60 wt.% Al2O3 separately are prepared by internal oxidation. Effects of sliding speed and pressure on the frictional characteristics of the composites and copper against brass are investigated and compared. The changes in morphology of the sliding surface and subsurface are examined with scanning electron microscope （SEM） and energy dispersive X-ray spectrum （EDS）. The results show that the wear resistance of the Al2O3/Cu composites is superior to that of copper under the same conditions, Under a given electrical current, the wear rate of Al2O3/Cu composites decreases as the Al2O3-content increases, However, the wear rates of the Al2O3/Cu composites and copper increase as the sliding speed and pressure increase under dry sliding condition. The main wear mechanisms for Al2O3/Cu composites are of abrasion and adhesion; for copper, it is adhesion, although wear by oxidation and electrical erosion can also be observed as the speed and pressure rise.

肌红蛋白在Nafion/Fe_3O_4-CdTe/CdS量子点复合膜内的直接电化学及其应用于H_2O_2的生物传感

利用磁性纳米Fe3O4和CdTe/CdS量子点结合Nafion的良好成膜性,将肌红蛋白(Mb)固定在玻碳电极表面制备成Nafion/Fe3O4-CdTe/CdS-Mb/GCE修饰电极。在pH 7.0的0.1 mol/L磷酸盐缓冲溶液(PBS)中,固定在膜内的Mb表现出良好的直接电化学性质,在-0.351 V处有1对近乎可逆的氧化还原峰,为Mb中血红素辅基Fe(Ⅲ)/Fe(Ⅱ)电对的特征氧化还原峰,并显示了很好的稳定性。表明Nafion/Fe3O4-CdTe/CdS复合膜的微环境有利于Mb中Fe(Ⅲ)/Fe(Ⅱ)与电极之间的直接电子传递和Mb的固定。同时,探讨了该修饰电极表面固定的Mb对H2O2的催化还原,结果显示,该修饰电极可作为H2O2生物传感器,实现对H2O2的快速(响应时间小于5 s)、准确检测,灵敏度可达30.6 mA.L/mol,检出限(S/N=3)为0.89μmol/L。

CdS-K2La2Ti(3-x)AgxO(10)复合物及其光催化制氢的性能

采用硬脂酸法合成Ag掺杂的K2La2Ti3-xAgxO10复合催化剂,并通过微波辅助法进行酸交换、胺柱撑、离子交换以及硫化等步骤制备了CdS插层的K2La2Ti3-xAgxO10。利用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线能谱仪(EDX)、紫外-可见漫反射吸收光谱(UV-Vis)和光致发光光谱(PL)等技术对催化剂进行表征,考察了催化剂的光催化制氢活性。结果表明,Ag离子掺杂和CdS插层的协同作用拓展了催化剂的可见光吸收范围,提高了光催化活性,催化剂在可见光照射3h的产氢量为3.27mmol/(g.cat)。

Friction and wear properties of in-situ synthesized Al_2O_3 reinforced aluminum composites

Al-5%Si-AI2O3 composites were prepared by powder metallurgy and in-situ reactive synthesis technology. Friction and wear properties of Al-5%Si-Al2O3 composites were studied using an M-2000 wear tester. The effects of load, sliding speed and long time continuous friction on friction and wear properties of Al-5%Si-Al2O3 composites were investigated, respectively. Wear surface and wear mechanism of Al-5%Si-Al2O3 composites were studied by Quanta 200 FE-SEM. Results showed that with load increasing, wear loss and coefficient of friction increased. With sliding speed going up, the surface temperature of sample made the rate of the producing of oxidation layer increase, while wear loss and coefficient of friction decreased. With the sliding distance increasing, coefficient of friction increased because the adhesive wear mechanism occurred in the initial stage, then formation and destruction of the oxide layer on the surface of the sample tended to a dynamic equilibrium, the surface state of the sample was relatively stable and so did the coefficient of friction. The experiment shows that the main wear mechanism of Al-5%Si-Al2O3 composites includes abrasive wear, adhesive wear and oxidation wear.

Effect of La_2O_3/Ce O_2 particle size on high-temperature oxidation resistance of electrodeposited Ni-La_2O_3/Ce O_2 composites

Ni-La2O3/CeO2 composite films were prepared by electrodeposition from a nickel sulfate bath containing certain content of micrometer and nanometer La2O3/CeO2 particles. The effect of La2O3 or CeO2 particle size on the oxidation resistance of the electrodeposited Ni-La2O3/CeO2 composites in air at 1000 °C was studied. The results indicate that, compared with the electrodeposited Ni-film, Ni-La2O3/CeO2 composites exhibit a superior oxidation resistance due to the codeposited La2O3 or CeO2 particles blocking the outward diffusion of nickel. Moreover, compared with nanoparticles, La2O3 or CeO2 microparticles have stronger effect because La2O3 or CeO2 microparticles also act as a diffusion barrier layer at the onset of oxidation.

Microstructure and evolution of(TiB_2+Al_2O_3)/NiAl composites prepared by self-propagation high-temperature synthesis

（TiB2＋Al2O3）/NiAl composites were synthesized by self-propagation high-temperature synthesis, and their phase compositions, microstructures and evolution modes were studied. The microstructures and shapes vary with the TiB2＋Al2O3 content in the NiAl matrix. TiB2 particles take a great variety of elementary shapes such as white bars, plates, herringbones, regular cubes and cuboids. These results outline a strategy of self-assembly processes in real time to build diversified microstructures. Some TiB2 grains in sizes of 2-5μm are embeded in Al2O3 clusters, while a small number of TiB2 particles disperse in the NiAl matrix. It is believed that the higher the TiB2＋Al2O3 content is, the more the regular shapes and homogeneous distributions of TiB2 and Al2O3 will be present in the NiAl matrix.

Tribological behavior and mechanism of NiCrBSi-Y_2O_3 composite coatings

The NiCrBSi-Y2O3 composite coatings were prepared on the surface of 45 carbon steel by plasma spray, the microstructure and tribological properties of the coatings were investigated. The results show that the NiCrBSi-Y2O3 composite coatings are mainly composed of γ-Ni, CrB, Cr7C3 and Y2O3. With addition of Y2O3, hard phases such as CrB, Cr7C3 emerge in composite coating, and the density of the composite coatings also increases. The NiCrBSi-0.5Y2O3 composite coating presents excellent tribological properties. Its friction coefficient is 0.175, which is about 37% of that of the pure NiCrBSi coating. The mass wear loss is 1.2 mg, which is reduced by 43% compared with the pure NiCrBSi coating. When the loads are 6-10 N, the NiCrBSi-0.5Y2O3 composite coating suffers from slight wear and the wear mechanisms are mainly adhesive wear accompany with slight micro-cutting wear and micro-fracture wear. As the load increases to 12 N, the wear mechanisms are adhesive wear and severe micro-cutting wear.

Hot deformation and processing maps of Al_2O_3/Al composites fabricated by flake powder metallurgy

The deformation behaviors of Al2O3/Al composites were investigated by compressive tests conducted at temperature of 300-450 °C and strain rates of 0.001-1.0 s-1 with Gleeble-1500 D thermal simulator system. The results show that the flow stress increases with increasing strain rate and decreasing temperature. The hyperbolic sine constitutive equation can describe the flow stress behavior of Al2O3/Al composites, and the deformation activation energy and constitutive equations were calculated. The processing maps of Al2O3/Al-2 μm and Al2O3/Al-1 μm composites at strain of 0.6 were obtained and the optimum processing domains are in ranges of 300-330 °C, 0.007-0.03 s-1 and 335-360 °C, 0.015-0.06 s-1 for hot working, respectively. The instability zones of flow behavior can also be recognized by the maps.

Preparation of Al_2O_3/Au nano-laminated composite coatings and their oxidation resistance on stainless steel

Al2O3/Au nano-laminated composite coatings were prepared by means of magnetron sputtering. The coating was compact and comprised of nano-laminated Al2O3 and Au layers. High temperature cyclic oxidation test was employed to investigate the oxidation resistance of the composite coatings. The results revealed that the applied Al2O3/Au nano-laminated composite coatings improved the oxidation and spallation resistance of the stainless steel substrate significantly. The mechanism accounting for oxidation resistance was related with the suppression of inward oxygen diffusion and selective oxidation of Cr in the substrate. The mechanism accounting for spallation resistance was attributed to the relaxation of thermal stress by the nano-laminated structure.

Effect of CuO particle size on synthesis temperature and microstructure of Al_2O_(3p)-Al composites from Al-CuO system

Al2O3p-Al composites were synthesized using an in-situ reaction in the 80%Al-20%CuO （mass fraction） system. The effects of the CuO particle size on the synthesis temperature and microstructure of the composites were investigated by various methods. The results indicate that the CuO particle size has a significant effect on the temperature at which the complete reaction in the Al-CuO system occurs：the temperature is 200 ℃ lower in the Al-CuO system containing CuO particles with sizes less than 6μm than that containing CuO particles with sizes less than 100μm. The interfacial bonding between Al2O3 particles and Al is not complete when the temperature is below a critical value. The morphology of the Al2O3 particles varies from ribbon-like shape to near spherical shape when the temperature is above a critical value. These two critical temperatures are affected by the particle size of CuO, and the critical temperature of the sample containing CuO particles with sizes less than 6μm is 100 ℃ lower than that of the sample containing CuO particles with sizes less than 100μm.

离子液体辅助超声制备CdS/Fe_2O_3及光催化性能研究

以水和离子液体溶液为溶剂采用超声技术制备了CdS/Fe2O3复合光催化剂。采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、比表面分析(BET)、紫外-可见吸收光谱对CdS/Fe2O3进行了表征。结果表明,在离子液体合成的CdS/Fe2O3具有较大的比表面积,相比于水中合成的CdS/Fe2O3复合物其吸收带边发生红移。光催化实验表明,离子液体中合成的CdS/Fe2O3(IL)具有较好的光催化活性。这可能是由于离子液体与超声协同对催化剂的形貌、粒径和比表面积起到调控作用。

Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution from the Splitting of Water over Cd_(1-x)Zn_xS/K_2La_2Ti_3O_(10) Composites under Visible Light Irradiation

A series of Cd1-xZnxS/K2La2Ti3O10 composites were synthesized via a simple co-precipitation method. The prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDX), ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflection(UV-Vis), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) and photoluminescence(PL) measurements. The composite structures consisted of Cd1-xZnxS nanoparticles evenly distributed on the surface of K2La2Ti3O10. The absorption edge of K2La2Ti3O10 shifted to the visible light region upon introduction of the Cd1-xZnxS nanoparticles. The photocatalytic activities of the catalysts were evaluated by hydrogen production under visible light irradiation. The prepared Cd0.8Zn0.2S(30wt%)/K2La2Ti3O10 exhibited higher photocatalytic activity, evolving 6.92 mmol/g H2 under visible light irradiation for 3 h. The promoted photocatalytic activity of the composites was attributed to the synergistic effect between Cd1-xZnxS and K2La2Ti3O10, which resulted in enhanced separation of photogenerated electrons and holes.

Synthesis of AgCl/Ti_(3)C_(2)@TiO_(2)Ternary Composite Photocatalysts for Photocatalytic Oxidation of 1,4-Dihydropyridine and Tetracycline Hydrochloride

AgCl/Ti_(3)C_(2)@TiO_(2)ternary composites were prepared to form a heterojunction structure between AgCl and TiO_(2)and introduce Ti3C2 as a cocatalyst.The as-prepared AgCl/Ti_(3)C_(2)@TiO_(2)composites showed higher photocatalytic activity than pure AgCl and Ti_(3)C_(2)@TiO_(2)for photooxidation of a 1,4-dihydropyridine derivative(1,4-DHP)and tetracycline hydrochloride(TCH)under visible light irradiation(λ>400 nm).The photocatalytic activity of AgCl/Ti_(3)C_(2)@TiO_(2)composites depended on Ti_(3)C_(2)@TiO_(2)content,and the catalytic activity of the optimized samples were 6.9 times higher than that of pure AgCl for 1,4-DHP photodehydrogenation and 7.3 times higher than that of Ti_(3)C_(2)@TiO_(2)for TCH photooxidation.The increased photocatalytic activity was due to the formation of a heterojunction structure between AgCl and TiO_(2)and the introduction of Ti3C2 as a cocatalyst,which lowered the internal resistance,sped up the charge transfer,and increased the separation efficiency of photogenerated carries.Photogenerated holes and superoxide radical anions were the major active species in the photocatalytic process.

In2O3/CdS复合物的制备及光催化性能

以氧化铟（In2O3）纳米球作为基体，采用水热法制备了氧化铟／硫化镉（In2O3／CdS）复合光催化剂，并利用XRD、SEM等对所制备复合光催化剂进行了表征。结果表明：复合光催化剂由立方相的In2O3纳米球和六方相CdS棒状结构组成，且In20，纳米球附着于CdS棒状结构表面上。光学性能测试和光降解实验发现：所得复合光催化剂与纯In2O3和纯CdS相比，不仅光响应范围增加，而且光催化亚甲基蓝（MB）的活性也得到显著改善。当In2O3／CdS中n（In2O3，）：n（CdS）=1：4时，光催化效率改善尤为明显，当复合催化剂的质量为0．05g时，MB转化率达到96．2％；这可能是由于CdS接受In2O3表面上的光生电子，减少了光生电子与空穴的复合机会，因而提高了光催化降解能力。

基于可控Cd掺杂In_2O_3纳米线的电学特性研究

文章利用化学气相沉积法合成了不同摩尔比的Cd掺杂的In2O3纳米线,制备了基于单根In2O3纳米线的底栅场效应晶体管,并研究了其电输运特性。结果表明,相对未掺杂的In2O3纳米线,In2O3∶Cd纳米线的电导率有1～2个数量级变化,载流子迁移率高达58.1cm2/(V.s),载流子浓度高达3.7×1018 cm-3。可控Cd掺杂In2O3纳米线将在纳米光电子器件方面有着广泛的应用前景。

Fe_2O_3/Pt/CdS可见光催化乙醇水溶液脱氢的8立升级放大试验及稳定性考察

报道了在可见光照射下Fe_2O_3/Pt/CdS光催化剂上乙醇水溶液光催化产H_2的8L级放大试验及光催化剂的稳定性研究结果。实验表明:该体系经292.64h光照反应,共产氢4.082L,平均产氢速率为0.99mL/(g·h),最高产氢速率为1.25mL/(g·h),光照292.64h后,催化活性仍维持在一个较为平稳的水平上,产氢速率比平均产氢速率仅下降12%。经计算,本试验中光化学转换效率高达8.2%。

基于WO_(3)/Ag和TiO_(2)/NiO/CdS复合电极的高性能电光双方式调控变色器件

电致变色技术已被广泛应用在智能窗领域,但电致变色过程仍需施加外部电压才能完成,而将电致变色器件与太阳能电池结合构建的电光双调控变色器件则不需外部供电即可实现智能变色调控.性能优异的变色阴极和光阳极对电光双调控变色器件至关重要,本文通过水热法结合电沉积法制备了WO_(3)/Ag复合薄膜并研究了其电致变色性能;通过水热法、电沉积法结合连续离子层沉积法制备了Ti O_(2)/Ni O/Cd S复合薄膜并研究了其光电转换性能.将WO_(3)/Ag复合薄膜和Ti O_(2)/Ni O/Cd S复合薄膜分别作为变色阴极和光阳极构建了电光双方式调控的WO_(3)/Ag-Cd S/Ni O/Ti O_(2)变色器件.WO_(3)/Ag-Cd S/Ni O/Ti O_(2)电光双调控变色器件具有较为迅速的光调控响应时间(着色/褪色为82.4 s/135.6 s)和良好的光调制范围(630 nm处为30.4%),将其作为变色智能窗在建筑、汽车等领域具有广泛的应用前景.

Preparation of Z-scheme WO_3(H_2O)_(0.333)/Ag_3PO_4 composites with enhanced photocatalytic activity and durability

Ag3PO4 is widely used in the field of photocatalysis because of its unique activity. However, photocorrosion limits its practical application. Therefore, it is very urgent to find a solution to improve the light corrosion resistance of Ag3PO4. Herein, the Z-scheme WO3(H2O)0.333/Ag3PO4 composites are successfully prepared through microwave hydrothermal and simple stirring. The WO3(H2O)0.333/Ag3PO4 composites are characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and UV-Vis spectroscopy. In the degradation of organic pollutants, WO3(H2O)0.333/Ag3PO4 composites exhibit excellent performance under visible light. This is mainly attributed to the synergy of WO3(H2O)0.333 and Ag3PO4. Especially, the photocatalytic activity of 15%WO3(H2O)0.333/Ag3PO4 is the highest, and the methylene blue can be completely degraded in 4 min. In addition, the stability of the composites is also greatly enhanced. After five cycles of testing, the photocatalytic activity of 15%WO3(H2O)0.333/Ag3PO4 is not obviously decreased. However, the degradation efficiency of Ag3PO4 was only 20.2%. This indicates that adding WO3(H2O)0.333 can significantly improve the photoetching resistance of Ag3PO4. Finally, Z-scheme photocatalytic mechanism is investigated.

Thermal shock fatigue behavior of TiC/Al_2O_3 composite ceramics

The thermal shock fatigue behaviors of pure hot-pressed alumina and 30 wt.% TiC/Al2O3 composites were studied. The effect of TiC and Al2O3 starting particle size on the mechanical properties of the composites was discussed. Indentation-quench test was conducted to evaluate the effect of thermal fatigue temperature difference （ΔT） and number of thermal cycles （Ⅳ） on fatigue crack growth （Δa）. The mechanical properties and thermal fatigue resistance of TiC/Al203 composites are remarkably improved by the addition of TiC. The thermal shock fatigue of monolithic alumina and TiC/Al2O3 composites is due to a ＂true＂ cycling effect （thermal fatigue）. Crack deflection and bridging are the predominant reasons for the improvement of thermal shock fatigue resistance of the composites.