Are gender inclusiveness and rural transformation interlinked?The case of Bangladesh

Gender inclusiveness is important in the rural transformation process of Bangladesh as rural women play key roles in both agricultural and non-agricultural sectors.Gender inclusiveness also leads to gender equity.We empirically evaluate relationships between rural transformation and gender inclusiveness in Bangladesh.We consider three rural transformation indicators:high-value commodities’share in agricultural output values,non-farm employment’s share in rural labor employment,and non-agricultural GDP’s share in total GDP.Indicators capturing gender inclusiveness include the per capita rural income of males and females,ratio of investments into gender programs,female access to education,access to healthcare,employment participation,land ownership,and asset ownership.We test the effect of the difference in per capita rural income of males and females and the ratio of their incomes and check for the robustness of the gender variables across different model specifications.Analyzing 128 district-level observations from 32 districts of Bangladesh across four time periods(2000,2005,2010 and 2016),we use both ordinary least squares and fixed effects panel regression models.We find that female land and asset ownership and access to education and healthcare are robust determinants of various stages of rural transformation.Thus,our results suggest that improving women’s ownership of land and assets and investing in women’s education and healthcare will likely contribute to a more inclusive rural transformation.

Coupling and coordination relationship of tourism inclusive green growth system:Evidence from Shandong Province

Sustainable growth is a prerequisite for high-quality development,and inclusive green growth is regarded as an important way to realize sustainable growth.This paper constructs a tourism inclusive green growth index(IGGI)system based on the 2018 Asian Development Bank IGGI.Using Shandong Province from 2017 to 2019,the entropy weight method is utilized to explore the degree of coupling and coordination among the subsystems of tourism inclusive green growth.The study shows that:(1)the tourism IGGI continues to grow;(2)in the tourism inclusive green growth system,the social equity subsystem shows a trend of steady improvement;and(3)in the system,there is a slight discordance between the economic growth subsystem and the environmental sustainability subsystem.The study aims to provide the scientific basis for the high-quality development of tourism and theoretical support for the field of tourism and environmental sustainability.

The Influence Mechanism of an Inclusive Organizational Climate on Innovation Input of Sci-Tech Talents

With the implementation of China’s innovation-driven development strategy,the competition among sci-tech talents has become increasingly fierce.Stimulating the innovative vigor of sci-tech talents has become a hot topic in theoretical research and policy practice.Based on the data from 246 questionnaires collected from sci-tech talents in Hebei province,this study explored the influence mechanism of an inclusive organizational climate on innovation input from technological talents and verified the mediating effects of innovation self-efficacy and intrinsic motivation.The results indicate that an inclusive organizational climate has a significant positive impact on innovation input,innovation self-efficacy,and intrinsic motivation of sci-tech talents.Both innovation self-efficacy and intrinsic motivation play a partial mediating role between an inclusive climate and innovation input.This study verified the important role of an inclusive climate in an organization’s human resource management practices and encouraged managers to emphasize enhancing the innovation self-efficacy and intrinsic motivation of sci-tech talents,thereby continuously improving the level of innovation.

Workshop on driving inclusiveness in standardization

With the support of the Belgian FPS Economy,SBS and CEN-CENELEC are co-organizing the workshop,under the High-Level Forum on European standardization(HLF)and its workstream on inclusiveness in national standardization,to tackle issues of access and participation in standardization at the national level and discuss and promote best practices.

On the Rule of Law Path for Inclusive Education to Empower Education Assistance for Persons with Disabilities

Inclusive education is the mainstream of developing education for persons with disabilities worldwide.It advocates the recognition and protection of the right of persons with disabilities to receive inclusive education in mainstream schools.From the perspective of inclusive education,the educational assistance system for persons with disabilities represents a theoretical innovation in traditional educational support methods,playing a crucial role in integrating persons with disabilities into society,reversing their disadvantaged status,and maintaining educational equity.At present,China's legal system for inclusive education assistance for persons with disabilities needs improvement,and faces several obstacles,including conceptual“limited capacity”,“monotonous”subjects,“crowding-out”obstacles and supervision“absence”obstacles.It is urgent to begin with the transformation of the rule of law concept,clarify the legal positioning of multiple responsibility subjects,achieve mutual reinforcement of education law and education aid legislation,establish a supervision system for inclusive education assistance,and improve the legal framework for educational assistance for persons with disabilities.This will ensure that persons with disabilities can successfully realize their right to education,share in the benefits of social development,and ultimately contribute to achieving common prosperity.

Current Situation of Digital Inclusive Finance in China

Inclusive finance is not only an innovation in financial service concepts but also an institutional arrangement to address the imbalance in social and economic development.Therefore,it is particularly necessary to study the current development status,development level,and challenges of inclusive finance and to conduct research on these issues.Overall,inclusive finance has demonstrated a positive momentum of development,but improvements are still needed in terms of market players,products and services,and the external ecosystem.China’s inclusive finance is still in its infancy,making it essential to accelerate its development and promote inclusive finance in the country.

Research on the Policy Evolution of Inclusive Education from an International Comparative Perspective

In recent years,thanks to the vigorous promotion by UNESCO,inclusive education has rapidly developed and spread worldwide.Governments across various nations have responded and implemented this approach,successively introducing laws and policies to ensure that children with special needs are better integrated into society and receive a comprehensive education.This paper begins by exploring the concept and connotation of inclusive education.Through an international comparative perspective,it conducts a comparative analysis of the policy evolution of inclusive education in China and the United Kingdom.Furthermore,it investigates the implications that advanced international policy experiences have for the development of inclusive education in China.

Discussion on the Current Situation of Inclusive Education in Chinese Preschools

At present,the public is beginning to pay attention to education and the growth of young children,and inclusive education is gradually being valued by the public.Society needs to treat everyone equally,include all children,oppose discrimination and exclusion,and protect the right to education of children with special needs.By discovering and eliminating various learning obstacles,all children have more opportunities to participate in learning and realize the personalization of teaching models.The implementation of inclusive education in kindergartens can enable more children with special needs to adapt to and integrate into society.The article discusses the challenges faced by inclusive education in Chinese preschool under the perspective of inclusive education,in order to improve the quality of inclusive education and promote the healthy physical and mental development of children.

Research on the Coordinated Development of Inclusive Finance and Financing for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises

As an important force in promoting economic and social development,small and medium-sized enterprises play a crucial role in enhancing China’s economic strength,creating employment opportunities,and promoting industrial structural transformation.However,due to their inherent weaknesses,small and medium-sized enterprises often face difficulties in financing within the traditional financial service system.This makes it difficult for small and medium-sized enterprises to inject vitality into the development of the market economy by expanding their financing scale.Since 2013,China has vigorously developed inclusive finance and extended the services of traditional financial institutions to small and medium-sized enterprises,providing policy guidance,resource support,and technical support to alleviate the financing difficulties of small and medium-sized enterprises.Based on this,this article focuses on the current financing problems faced by small and medium-sized enterprises and specifically elaborates on how to lower the financing threshold for small and medium-sized enterprises and broaden their financing channels through inclusive finance,in order to promote the development of inclusive finance and a virtuous cycle of financing for small and medium-sized enterprises.

Inclusive Education in the Context of Ethnocultural Diversity: Understanding the Process of Exclusion to Act in the School - A Secondary Publication

This paper reveals that the implementation of inclusive education is an unfinished challenge,both within the system and for individual self-improvement.This process of changing practices,by continually questioning the school’s responsibility for the(re)production of inequalities,exclusion,and unequal social relations,is riddled with obstacles,unpredictable situations,and strong emotions.In particular,the researchers point out that many systemic mechanisms of school culture contribute to replicating and reifying hierarchical school experiences and exacerbating processes of institutional discrimination against immigrant backgrounds and/or racialized students.The empirical research presented also highlights the school staff’s deficit thinking toward immigrant students and their parents.The results show that staff tend to use linguistic and cultural gaps between students and the school system to explain academic failure.Be that as it may,the researchers as well as the school actors and students interviewed in this paper suggest multiple ways to improve inclusion in the school context,stressing the importance of giving voice to the various actors in order to move toward institutional transformation.

普通高校特殊群体学生“Inclusive sport”创造的构想

对普通高校特殊群体学生体育教学进行分析后，提出了目前存在的问题，结合当今教育和社会的需求和发展趋势提出了“Inclusive sport”的体育教学理念，并对其产生背景，构建所涉及课题、构建阶段进行了分析。

Thinking:A Diverse and Inclusive Process An Epistemological Look

Contemporary education has taken on the challenge of promoting different programs aimed at promoting inclusive teaching-learning processes that facilitate attention to diversity.It is evident that the integration of students with special needs in regular educational centers has caused significant changes in the curriculum,infrastructure,and training among teachers.In the last 10 years,educational inclusion has made significant progress,but much remains to be done to expand inclusive spaces.

Thinking,a Diverse and Inclusive Process:An Epistemological Look

Inclusive education is the transformation of the system,it highlights difference and diversity,to strengthen the development of skills,under the premise of respect for difference and diversity(Barton L,(2013).Today,educational inclusion is carries out and attends to the educational needs of students individually,where the actors of the educational process contribute to learning while respecting the differences and diversity of each individual,by fulfilling the transforming and integrating role that improves skills and breaks with barriers to learning.Contemporary education has taken on the challenge of promoting different programs aimed at promoting inclusive teaching-learning processes that facilitate attention to diversity.It is evident that the integration of students with special needs in regular educational centers has caused significant changes in the curriculum,infrastructure,and training among teachers.In the last 10 years,educational inclusion has made significant progress,but much remains to be done to expand inclusive spaces.

Thinking, a Diverse and Inclusive Process: An Epistemological Look

Contemporary education has taken on the challenge of promoting different programs aimed at promoting inclusive teaching-learning processes that facilitate attention to diversity.It is evident that the integration of the students with special needs in the regular educational centers has originated significant changes in the curriculum,infrastructure,and formation between the teachers.In the last 10 years,educational inclusion has made significant progress,but much remains to be done to expand inclusive spaces.

普通高校特殊群体学生“Inclusive sport”教学系统的设计

＂Inclusive sport＂教学系统是充分考虑特殊群体学生的需求所进行的有针对性的设计,其主要环节包括课程修正、差异教学、辅助教学技术和通用设计,其目的是让其有效融入正常体育教学,并获到有效地康复和治疗。

Historical Contributions and Innovative Development of China's Inclusive Culture

Inclusive culture is a dynamic pattern of cultural integration and innovative development formed in the interactions between man and nature, man and society, and man and others. Chinese culture is among the sources of inclusive culture. Being inheritable, open, assimilative, innovative and self–driven, this inclusive culture significantly contributes to China's ideological evolution, ethnic integration, religious development, economic openness, literature and art prosperity, as well as political wisdom in building a community with a shared future for mankind. Inclusiveness is key to the lasting and sustainable development of traditional Chinese culture. During China's construction of a great modern socialist country, the CPC's leadership over cultural innovation and development must be strengthened; a strong cultural confidence must always be maintained; the prosperity of socialist culture with Chinese characteristics must be further enhanced; the sustainable and integrated development of socialist culture with Chinese characteristics must be promoted; people's need for an enriched cultural life must be satisfied; and more efforts must be made to build a community with a shared future for mankind. Only in this way can the light of China's inclusive culture illuminate the future of globalization.

How does financial literacy impact on inclusive finance?

Inclusive finance is a core concept of finance that makes various financial products and services accessible and affordable to all individuals and businesses,especially those excluded from the formal financial system.One of the leading forces affecting people’s ability to access financial services in rural areas is financial literacy.This study investigated the impacts of financial knowledge on financial access through banking,microfinance,and fintech access using the Bangladesh rural population data.We employed three econometrics models:logistic regression,probit regression,and complementary log–log regression to examine whether financial literacy significantly affects removing the barriers that prevent people from participating and using financial services to improve their lives.The empirical findings showed that knowledge regarding various financial services factors had significant impacts on getting financial access.Some variables such as profession,income level,knowledge regarding depositing and withdrawing money,and knowledge regarding interest rate highly affected the overall access to finance.The study’s results provide valuable recommendations for the policymaker to improve financial inclusion in the developing country context.A comprehensive and long-term education program should be delivered broadly to the rural population to make a big stride in financial inclusion,a key driver of poverty reduction and prosperity boosting.

Evaluation of the inclusive payment system based on the diagnosis procedure combination with respect to cataract operations in Japan------A comparison of lengths of hospital stay and medical payments among hospitals

Following the recommendations of a report submitted by the Central Social Insurance Medical Council concerning the 2002 revision of the Medical Service Fee Schedule, a new inclu-sive payment system, which is based on the Diagnosis Procedure Combination (DPC) sys-tem, was introduced in 82 special functioning hospitals in Japan, effective beginning in April 2003. Since April 2004, the system has been gradually extended to general hospitals that satisfy certain prerequisites. In this paper, the new inclusive payment system is analyzed. Data pertaining to 1,225 patients, who were hospital-ized for cataract diseases and underwent lens operations from July 2004 to September 2005, are used. The lengths of hospital stay and medical payments among hospitals are com-pared. Even after eliminating the influence of patient characteristics, there are large differ-ences among hospitals in average lengths of hospital stay and DPC-based inclusive pay-ments. The highest average inclusive payment is 3.5 times as high as the lowest payment. On the other hand, there are relatively small differ-ences in non-inclusive payments based on the conventional fee-for-service system—the larg-est deviation from the average of all hospitals is approximately 10%. Thus, although payments based on the DPC account for only one-third of the total medical payments for this disease, the major differences in medical payments among hospitals are caused by differences in their DPC-based inclusive payments. The results of the study strongly suggest that revisions of the payment system in Japan are necessary for the efficient use of medical resources in the future.

A Positive Mutual Impact between Inclusive Finance and Poverty Alleviation

The contradiction between profitability requirement of commercial finance and non-profitability nature of inclusive finance inhibits bankers' motivation in providing financial services to farmers,further restricting the already narrow financing channels for low-income rural households and preventing them from jumping out of the poverty trap.There is a mutual promotion relationship between inclusive finance and poverty reduction.On one hand,providing affordable and subsidized financial services to farmers can help them increase income steadily; On the other hand,the institutions reap a good payoff by business expansion,a thick base of loyal clients,as well as public recognition,which in turn stimulates the institutes to provide more financial products,improve their service quality and scale up the investment amount for lowincome farmers.Nevertheless,to set off this positive feedback loop process,a forcible intervention by government is needed.On the base of theoretical analysis and practical research,this article brought related advice for financial institutions in order to promote the development of inclusive finance and alleviate the financing difficulties of farmers households to realize poverty alleviation.

Digital Economy, Financial Inclusion and Inclusive Growth

This paper represents an early attempt to investigate whether digital finance driven by the internet revolution helps promote inclusive growth in China.We match the Index of Digital Financial Inclusion,which measures digital finance development in China,with data of the China Family Panel Studies(CFPS),which provide representative household survey data in China.Firstly,based on sub-sample empirical analysis,we find that digital finance has helped increase household income,especially rural household income,in China.Thus,digital finance is conducive to inclusive growth in China by narrowing regional and urban-rural gaps.Secondly,we examine how digital finance spurs inclusive growth in China by bringing rural households equal access to entrepreneurship opportunities.Lastly,we uncover how digital finance interacts with physical capital and social capital in promoting entrepreneurship,concluding that households with less physical or social capital had bene fited more,which is also conducive to inclusive growth.