Carbonaceous nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), magnetic metal nanomaterials and semicon- ductor nanomaterials are superior candidates for microwave absorbers. Taking full advantage of the features of CN...Carbonaceous nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), magnetic metal nanomaterials and semicon- ductor nanomaterials are superior candidates for microwave absorbers. Taking full advantage of the features of CNTs, nanophase cobalt and nanophase zinc oxide, whose main microwave absorption mechanisms are based on resistance loss, magnetic loss and dielectric loss, we fabricate CNT/Co and CNT/ZnO heterostructure nanocom- posites, respectively. By using the CNTs, CNT/Co nanocomposites and CNT/ZnO nanocomposites as nanofillers, composites with polyester as matrix are prepared by in situ polymerization, and their microwave absorption per- formance is studied. It is indicated that the synergetic effects of the physic properties of different components in nano-heterostructures result in greatly enhanced microwave absorption performance in a wide frequency range. The absorption peak is increased, the absorption bandwidth is broadened, and the maximum peak shifts to a lower frequency.展开更多
Several gelatin-silicate composites, with or without incorporation of Ca2+ ions, were synthesized through sol-gel processing starting from gelatin and 3- (glycidoxypropyl) trimethoxysilane. The structure around the Si...Several gelatin-silicate composites, with or without incorporation of Ca2+ ions, were synthesized through sol-gel processing starting from gelatin and 3- (glycidoxypropyl) trimethoxysilane. The structure around the Si atoms was similar for all the samples. The measurement of viscoelastic properties indicated that the glass transition temperature and activation energy decreased with the incorporation of Ca2+ ions. The Ca2+ ion-containing composites were bioactive as they spontaneously deposited apatite when soaked in a simulated body fluid of the Kokubo recipe.展开更多
The immobilization of SiW_(12)O_(40)^(4-)in poly(4-aminoazobenzene)film was done by electrochemical method.According to the continuous cyclic voltammograms of the modified electrode,it can be determined that SiW_(12)O...The immobilization of SiW_(12)O_(40)^(4-)in poly(4-aminoazobenzene)film was done by electrochemical method.According to the continuous cyclic voltammograms of the modified electrode,it can be determined that SiW_(12)O_(40)^(4-) in the polymer is very stable.The paper reports the elecctrochemical pro- perties of the modified electrode,Moreover,it was found that the modified electrode exhibits electrocatalysis for the reaction of oxygen.展开更多
Recent price movement Most benchmark prices decreased over the past month. Chinese prices moved sharply lower.Open interest has shifted from July and into the December contract. After moving lower in early May, values...Recent price movement Most benchmark prices decreased over the past month. Chinese prices moved sharply lower.Open interest has shifted from July and into the December contract. After moving lower in early May, values for the July contract were volatile but rangebound between 65 and 70 cents/lb for most of the past month. Values for the December contract also moved lower in early May. While they had been rangebound, December prices have been testing the lower end of their recent range, briefly dropping below 65 cents/lb in the latest trading.展开更多
Recent price movement Benchmark prices were flat or slightly higherover the pastmonth. Prices for the May NY futures contract increased over past month,climbing from levels just below 70 cents/lb in mid-February to th...Recent price movement Benchmark prices were flat or slightly higherover the pastmonth. Prices for the May NY futures contract increased over past month,climbing from levels just below 70 cents/lb in mid-February to those near 74 cents/lb recently.展开更多
September 25th-27th, 2019 - Cotton Incorporated (“CI”) promotes sustainability and innovation at the 2019 Shanghai Intertextile Apparel Fabrics Show at National Exhibition Center. With research and develop-ment effo...September 25th-27th, 2019 - Cotton Incorporated (“CI”) promotes sustainability and innovation at the 2019 Shanghai Intertextile Apparel Fabrics Show at National Exhibition Center. With research and develop-ment efforts through the entire supply chain, Cotton In-corporated presents the cotton fiber’s sustainability and cotton products’ competitiveness in the market to Shanghai Intertextile.展开更多
Daredevil·Gladiator·Cherry Red·Whirlwind·Flash·Grit·Spider Grass·MercuryWith less to lose,we take a risk,creating challenges and pushingourselves in ways we only fantasized about whi...Daredevil·Gladiator·Cherry Red·Whirlwind·Flash·Grit·Spider Grass·MercuryWith less to lose,we take a risk,creating challenges and pushingourselves in ways we only fantasized about while living in the safezone.Self-tested,defying limits,we feel invigorated.Each stepwe take towards our wildest dreams brings us one step closer tothe edge.This dynamic palette merges bold and muted tones.Itschameleon nature applies from active to formal wear.展开更多
Editor’s note:Cotton Incorporated has recently published its FW17/SS18 Denim Trend Forecast and 18/19 Active Trend Forecast respectively, which are presented here to share with our dear readers.FW17/SS18 Denim Trend ...Editor’s note:Cotton Incorporated has recently published its FW17/SS18 Denim Trend Forecast and 18/19 Active Trend Forecast respectively, which are presented here to share with our dear readers.FW17/SS18 Denim Trend Forecast Denim color shifts slightly away from all indigo to a more playful approach this season. Indigo remains essential but is shown in a less conventional way - being interspersed amongst four mini palettes.展开更多
Cotton University^(TM) adds four new courses to the College of Nonwovens Cotton Incorporated,the research and promotion company for U.S.cotton producers and importers,expands offerings on its Cotton University?platfor...Cotton University^(TM) adds four new courses to the College of Nonwovens Cotton Incorporated,the research and promotion company for U.S.cotton producers and importers,expands offerings on its Cotton University?platform with four new courses in the College of Nonwovens section.Cotton University^(TM) is an online resource aimed at supporting today’s industry professionals,while nurturing the next generation through education and engagement."The‘Introduction to Nonwovens’lectures展开更多
Graphitic carbon nitride(g-C3N4)-based photocatalysts have shown great potential in the splitting of water.However,the intrinsic drawbacks of g-C3N4,such as low surface area,poor diffusion,and charge separation effici...Graphitic carbon nitride(g-C3N4)-based photocatalysts have shown great potential in the splitting of water.However,the intrinsic drawbacks of g-C3N4,such as low surface area,poor diffusion,and charge separation efficiency,remain as the bottleneck to achieve highly efficient hydrogen evolution.Here,a hollow oxygen-incorporated g-C3N4 nanosheet(OCN)with an improved surface area of 148.5 m2 g^−1 is fabricated by the multiple thermal treatments under the N2/O2 atmosphere,wherein the C–O bonds are formed through two ways of physical adsorption and doping.The physical characterization and theoretical calculation indicate that the O-adsorption can promote the generation of defects,leading to the formation of hollow morphology,while the O-doping results in reduced band gap of g-C3N4.The optimized OCN shows an excellent photocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity of 3519.6μmol g^−1 h^−1 for~20 h,which is over four times higher than that of g-C3N4(850.1μmol g^−1 h^−1)and outperforms most of the reported g-C3N4 catalysts.展开更多
Using cetyl-trimethyl-ammonium bromide (CTMAB) as template and tetraethylortho-silicate (TEOS) as silica source, the MCM-41 mesoporous materials incorporated in framework by Y, Nd and Sm were synthesized by hydrot...Using cetyl-trimethyl-ammonium bromide (CTMAB) as template and tetraethylortho-silicate (TEOS) as silica source, the MCM-41 mesoporous materials incorporated in framework by Y, Nd and Sm were synthesized by hydrothermal synthesis method. The structure, morphology of materials and the state of Y, Nd, Sm in materials were investigated by means of XRD, nitrogen adsorption-desorption, SEM, IR spectrometry, TG-DTA. The XRD results indicate that the samples possess the mesoporous MCM-41 structures with ordered hexagonal arrangements. Y, Nd and Sm ions can get into the framework of mesoporous materials. Nitrogen adsorption desorption isotherms show that the samples have typical mesopores characteristics. SEM micrographs reveal that incorporated sampies show a spherical morphology and the diameters are averagely 0. l0 to 0.15 μm. In IR spectrum of samples, there are the feature adsorption peaks about Si-O-Ln(Ln=Y, Sm, Nd)at 960-985 cm^-1, which affirm that Y, Nd, Sm ions locate in the framework of several mesoporous materials. Results from TG-DTA analysis suggest that two different template sorption sites exist in the framework of YMCM-41, SmMCM-41, NdMCM-41, which powerfully proves that the presence of Y, Nd and Sm in Si framework of the materials.展开更多
In the present investigation, we fabricated strontium (Sr2+) incorporated CsPbI2Br-based inorganic perovskite solar cells in ambient conditions. The morphology, crystallinity, absorption, elemental composition and pho...In the present investigation, we fabricated strontium (Sr2+) incorporated CsPbI2Br-based inorganic perovskite solar cells in ambient conditions. The morphology, crystallinity, absorption, elemental composition and photoluminescence analysis of the bare CsPbI2Br and CsPb1-xSrxI2Br perovskite thin films were studied systematically to investigate the role of Sr2+ incorporation. It is observed that the surface morphology of the CsPbI2Br perovskite thin film has been improved by partial substitution of Pb2+ by Sr2+ which facilitates photoactive black phase-stabilization and defect passivation. The champion device having CsPb0.98Sr0.02I2Br composition exhibited a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 16.61% which is much higher than the bare device (13.65%). Furthermore, our CsPb0.98Sr0.02I2Br-based devices maintain > 85% of its initial efficiency over 100 h in ambient conditions.展开更多
All-inorganic CsPbI_(2)Br perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have received extensive research interests recently.Nevertheless,their low efficiency and poor long-term stability are still obstacles for further commercial appli...All-inorganic CsPbI_(2)Br perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have received extensive research interests recently.Nevertheless,their low efficiency and poor long-term stability are still obstacles for further commercial application.Herein,we demonstrate that high efficiency and exceptional long-term stability are realized by incorporating gadolinium(III)chloride(GdCl_(3))into the CsPbI_(2)Br perovskite film.The incorporation of GdCl_(3) enhances the Goldschmidt tolerance factor of CsPbI_(2)Br perovskite,yielding a dense perovskite film with small grains,thus the a-phase CsPbI_(2)Br is remarkably stabilized.Additionally,it is found that the GdCl_(3)-incorporated perovskite film achieves suppressed charge recombination and appropriate energy level alignment compared with the pristine CsPbI_(2)Br film.The noticeable increment in efficiency from14.01%(control PSC)to 16.24%is achieved for GdCl_(3)-incorporated PSC.Moreover,the nonencapsulated GdCl_(3)-incorporated PSC exhibits excellent environmental and thermal stability,remaining over 91%or90%of the original efficiency after 1200 h aging at 40%relative humidity or 480 h heating at 85℃ in nitrogen glove box respectively.The encapsulated GdCl_(3)-incorporated PSC presents an improved operational stability with over 88%of initial efficiency under maximum power point(MPP)tracking at 45℃ for1000 h.This work presents an effective ion-incorporation approach for boosting efficiency and long-term stability of all-inorganic PSCs.展开更多
Low carbon Al2O3- C refractory materials were prepared by "Al/Si metal incorporated, insitu formed non-oxides" method using corundum, Al powder, Si powder and flake graphite as starting materials. High temperature s...Low carbon Al2O3- C refractory materials were prepared by "Al/Si metal incorporated, insitu formed non-oxides" method using corundum, Al powder, Si powder and flake graphite as starting materials. High temperature strength, stress -strain relationship and thermal shock resistance of these composites were investigated. The results show that these composites possess improved high temperature strength and good thermal shock resistance. When A1 addition increases from 0 to 8 mass%, correspondingly, Si addition decreases from 8 mass% to O, hot modulus of rupture at 1 400 ℃ increases significantly from 10. 4 MPa to 32. 4 MPa; the maximum strain under 6.5 MPa stress at 1400 ℃ decreases from 215 t.tm to 90 μm; residual strength ratio after 3 thermal shock cycles (1 100 ℃ , air quenching) decreases from 80% to 65%. This may be attributed to in-situ formation of nonoxides because Al and Si react with C, CO and N, to form Al4C3 , AlN and SiC creating strengthening and toughening effects.展开更多
Using cetyl-trimethyl-ammonium bromide (CTMAB) as template agent and tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) as silica Source, the MCM-41 mesoporous materials were synthesized with Y, Nd and Sm incorporated in the framewor...Using cetyl-trimethyl-ammonium bromide (CTMAB) as template agent and tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) as silica Source, the MCM-41 mesoporous materials were synthesized with Y, Nd and Sm incorporated in the framework under hydrothermal conditions. The structure and the micro-morphology of the materials and the state of Y, Nd and Sm were investigated through the analyses of XRD, nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherm, SEM, IR and TG-DTA. The XRD resuits indicate that the synthetic samples are of typical structure of mesoporous MCM-41 with ordered hexagonal arrangements, and Y, Nd and Sm can be incorporated into the framework of these mesoporous materials. Nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms show that the samples possess the typical mesopores character. SEM micrographs reveal that the incorporated samples show a well-defined spherical morphology with the diameter ranging 0.10 - 0.15μm. The occurrence of two different template sorption sites in the framework as revealed by TG-DTA analysis further suggests the presence of Y, Nd and Sm in siliceous framework.展开更多
The Zeolite Y as a support was modified by the incorporating of Fe and TiO2 in one single step using impregnation method. The synergistic effects between those components enhance the catalytic activity for the degrada...The Zeolite Y as a support was modified by the incorporating of Fe and TiO2 in one single step using impregnation method. The synergistic effects between those components enhance the catalytic activity for the degradation of amaranth dye under ultrasonic irradiation with output power of 50 W and 40 kHz frequency. Different characterization techniques were used to elucidate the physical and chemical properties of the produced catalysts. The XRD results indicated that the type of titanium precursor significantly effects on the crystallinity of 0.4% Fe/15%TiO2-NaY catalyst. The AFM results detected that the TiO2 formed a layer covered the surface of zeolite while Fe clusters were located close to TiO2. The influence of reaction parameters such as TiO2 and Fe content, pH values, amount of hydrogen peroxide used, catalyst loading and the initial dye concentration were investigated for the decolorization efficiency of amaranth. The maximum decolorization efficiency for 0.4%Fe/15%TiO2-NaY was 100% after 120 min of reaction time with an initial dye concentration of 30 mg/L, 2 g/L of catalyst loading, natural pH about 5.5 and 0.65 mM H2O2.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No 10332020
文摘Carbonaceous nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), magnetic metal nanomaterials and semicon- ductor nanomaterials are superior candidates for microwave absorbers. Taking full advantage of the features of CNTs, nanophase cobalt and nanophase zinc oxide, whose main microwave absorption mechanisms are based on resistance loss, magnetic loss and dielectric loss, we fabricate CNT/Co and CNT/ZnO heterostructure nanocom- posites, respectively. By using the CNTs, CNT/Co nanocomposites and CNT/ZnO nanocomposites as nanofillers, composites with polyester as matrix are prepared by in situ polymerization, and their microwave absorption per- formance is studied. It is indicated that the synergetic effects of the physic properties of different components in nano-heterostructures result in greatly enhanced microwave absorption performance in a wide frequency range. The absorption peak is increased, the absorption bandwidth is broadened, and the maximum peak shifts to a lower frequency.
文摘Several gelatin-silicate composites, with or without incorporation of Ca2+ ions, were synthesized through sol-gel processing starting from gelatin and 3- (glycidoxypropyl) trimethoxysilane. The structure around the Si atoms was similar for all the samples. The measurement of viscoelastic properties indicated that the glass transition temperature and activation energy decreased with the incorporation of Ca2+ ions. The Ca2+ ion-containing composites were bioactive as they spontaneously deposited apatite when soaked in a simulated body fluid of the Kokubo recipe.
文摘The immobilization of SiW_(12)O_(40)^(4-)in poly(4-aminoazobenzene)film was done by electrochemical method.According to the continuous cyclic voltammograms of the modified electrode,it can be determined that SiW_(12)O_(40)^(4-) in the polymer is very stable.The paper reports the elecctrochemical pro- perties of the modified electrode,Moreover,it was found that the modified electrode exhibits electrocatalysis for the reaction of oxygen.
文摘Recent price movement Most benchmark prices decreased over the past month. Chinese prices moved sharply lower.Open interest has shifted from July and into the December contract. After moving lower in early May, values for the July contract were volatile but rangebound between 65 and 70 cents/lb for most of the past month. Values for the December contract also moved lower in early May. While they had been rangebound, December prices have been testing the lower end of their recent range, briefly dropping below 65 cents/lb in the latest trading.
文摘Recent price movement Benchmark prices were flat or slightly higherover the pastmonth. Prices for the May NY futures contract increased over past month,climbing from levels just below 70 cents/lb in mid-February to those near 74 cents/lb recently.
文摘September 25th-27th, 2019 - Cotton Incorporated (“CI”) promotes sustainability and innovation at the 2019 Shanghai Intertextile Apparel Fabrics Show at National Exhibition Center. With research and develop-ment efforts through the entire supply chain, Cotton In-corporated presents the cotton fiber’s sustainability and cotton products’ competitiveness in the market to Shanghai Intertextile.
文摘Daredevil·Gladiator·Cherry Red·Whirlwind·Flash·Grit·Spider Grass·MercuryWith less to lose,we take a risk,creating challenges and pushingourselves in ways we only fantasized about while living in the safezone.Self-tested,defying limits,we feel invigorated.Each stepwe take towards our wildest dreams brings us one step closer tothe edge.This dynamic palette merges bold and muted tones.Itschameleon nature applies from active to formal wear.
文摘Editor’s note:Cotton Incorporated has recently published its FW17/SS18 Denim Trend Forecast and 18/19 Active Trend Forecast respectively, which are presented here to share with our dear readers.FW17/SS18 Denim Trend Forecast Denim color shifts slightly away from all indigo to a more playful approach this season. Indigo remains essential but is shown in a less conventional way - being interspersed amongst four mini palettes.
文摘Cotton University^(TM) adds four new courses to the College of Nonwovens Cotton Incorporated,the research and promotion company for U.S.cotton producers and importers,expands offerings on its Cotton University?platform with four new courses in the College of Nonwovens section.Cotton University^(TM) is an online resource aimed at supporting today’s industry professionals,while nurturing the next generation through education and engagement."The‘Introduction to Nonwovens’lectures
基金This work was supported by the National Science Foundation of China(51772152,51702129,51572114,51972150,21908110,and 51902161)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(30919011269,30919011110,and 1191030558)+3 种基金Y.W.thanks the Key University Science Research Project of Jiangsu province(16KJB430009)Y.Z.thanks for the support from the Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2018M630527)China Scholarship Council(201708320150)J.S.thanks the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20190479,1192261031693).
文摘Graphitic carbon nitride(g-C3N4)-based photocatalysts have shown great potential in the splitting of water.However,the intrinsic drawbacks of g-C3N4,such as low surface area,poor diffusion,and charge separation efficiency,remain as the bottleneck to achieve highly efficient hydrogen evolution.Here,a hollow oxygen-incorporated g-C3N4 nanosheet(OCN)with an improved surface area of 148.5 m2 g^−1 is fabricated by the multiple thermal treatments under the N2/O2 atmosphere,wherein the C–O bonds are formed through two ways of physical adsorption and doping.The physical characterization and theoretical calculation indicate that the O-adsorption can promote the generation of defects,leading to the formation of hollow morphology,while the O-doping results in reduced band gap of g-C3N4.The optimized OCN shows an excellent photocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity of 3519.6μmol g^−1 h^−1 for~20 h,which is over four times higher than that of g-C3N4(850.1μmol g^−1 h^−1)and outperforms most of the reported g-C3N4 catalysts.
文摘Using cetyl-trimethyl-ammonium bromide (CTMAB) as template and tetraethylortho-silicate (TEOS) as silica source, the MCM-41 mesoporous materials incorporated in framework by Y, Nd and Sm were synthesized by hydrothermal synthesis method. The structure, morphology of materials and the state of Y, Nd, Sm in materials were investigated by means of XRD, nitrogen adsorption-desorption, SEM, IR spectrometry, TG-DTA. The XRD results indicate that the samples possess the mesoporous MCM-41 structures with ordered hexagonal arrangements. Y, Nd and Sm ions can get into the framework of mesoporous materials. Nitrogen adsorption desorption isotherms show that the samples have typical mesopores characteristics. SEM micrographs reveal that incorporated sampies show a spherical morphology and the diameters are averagely 0. l0 to 0.15 μm. In IR spectrum of samples, there are the feature adsorption peaks about Si-O-Ln(Ln=Y, Sm, Nd)at 960-985 cm^-1, which affirm that Y, Nd, Sm ions locate in the framework of several mesoporous materials. Results from TG-DTA analysis suggest that two different template sorption sites exist in the framework of YMCM-41, SmMCM-41, NdMCM-41, which powerfully proves that the presence of Y, Nd and Sm in Si framework of the materials.
基金This work was supported by Priority Research Centre Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Education,Science,and Technology(NRF-2018R1A6A1A03024334)Also,this work was supported by Priority Research Centre Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Education,Science,and Technology(2020R1A2C2004880).
文摘In the present investigation, we fabricated strontium (Sr2+) incorporated CsPbI2Br-based inorganic perovskite solar cells in ambient conditions. The morphology, crystallinity, absorption, elemental composition and photoluminescence analysis of the bare CsPbI2Br and CsPb1-xSrxI2Br perovskite thin films were studied systematically to investigate the role of Sr2+ incorporation. It is observed that the surface morphology of the CsPbI2Br perovskite thin film has been improved by partial substitution of Pb2+ by Sr2+ which facilitates photoactive black phase-stabilization and defect passivation. The champion device having CsPb0.98Sr0.02I2Br composition exhibited a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 16.61% which is much higher than the bare device (13.65%). Furthermore, our CsPb0.98Sr0.02I2Br-based devices maintain > 85% of its initial efficiency over 100 h in ambient conditions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52172237,52072228)the Shaanxi International Cooperational Project(2020KWZ-018)+1 种基金the Research Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing(NPU),China(Grant No.2021-QZ-02)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(3102019JC005)。
文摘All-inorganic CsPbI_(2)Br perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have received extensive research interests recently.Nevertheless,their low efficiency and poor long-term stability are still obstacles for further commercial application.Herein,we demonstrate that high efficiency and exceptional long-term stability are realized by incorporating gadolinium(III)chloride(GdCl_(3))into the CsPbI_(2)Br perovskite film.The incorporation of GdCl_(3) enhances the Goldschmidt tolerance factor of CsPbI_(2)Br perovskite,yielding a dense perovskite film with small grains,thus the a-phase CsPbI_(2)Br is remarkably stabilized.Additionally,it is found that the GdCl_(3)-incorporated perovskite film achieves suppressed charge recombination and appropriate energy level alignment compared with the pristine CsPbI_(2)Br film.The noticeable increment in efficiency from14.01%(control PSC)to 16.24%is achieved for GdCl_(3)-incorporated PSC.Moreover,the nonencapsulated GdCl_(3)-incorporated PSC exhibits excellent environmental and thermal stability,remaining over 91%or90%of the original efficiency after 1200 h aging at 40%relative humidity or 480 h heating at 85℃ in nitrogen glove box respectively.The encapsulated GdCl_(3)-incorporated PSC presents an improved operational stability with over 88%of initial efficiency under maximum power point(MPP)tracking at 45℃ for1000 h.This work presents an effective ion-incorporation approach for boosting efficiency and long-term stability of all-inorganic PSCs.
基金supported by Henan Scientific and Technological Research Projects(112102210095)the Education Department of Henan Province Natural Science Foundation(2011A430024)Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of Henan Province (No.124100510019)
文摘Low carbon Al2O3- C refractory materials were prepared by "Al/Si metal incorporated, insitu formed non-oxides" method using corundum, Al powder, Si powder and flake graphite as starting materials. High temperature strength, stress -strain relationship and thermal shock resistance of these composites were investigated. The results show that these composites possess improved high temperature strength and good thermal shock resistance. When A1 addition increases from 0 to 8 mass%, correspondingly, Si addition decreases from 8 mass% to O, hot modulus of rupture at 1 400 ℃ increases significantly from 10. 4 MPa to 32. 4 MPa; the maximum strain under 6.5 MPa stress at 1400 ℃ decreases from 215 t.tm to 90 μm; residual strength ratio after 3 thermal shock cycles (1 100 ℃ , air quenching) decreases from 80% to 65%. This may be attributed to in-situ formation of nonoxides because Al and Si react with C, CO and N, to form Al4C3 , AlN and SiC creating strengthening and toughening effects.
文摘Using cetyl-trimethyl-ammonium bromide (CTMAB) as template agent and tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) as silica Source, the MCM-41 mesoporous materials were synthesized with Y, Nd and Sm incorporated in the framework under hydrothermal conditions. The structure and the micro-morphology of the materials and the state of Y, Nd and Sm were investigated through the analyses of XRD, nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherm, SEM, IR and TG-DTA. The XRD resuits indicate that the synthetic samples are of typical structure of mesoporous MCM-41 with ordered hexagonal arrangements, and Y, Nd and Sm can be incorporated into the framework of these mesoporous materials. Nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms show that the samples possess the typical mesopores character. SEM micrographs reveal that the incorporated samples show a well-defined spherical morphology with the diameter ranging 0.10 - 0.15μm. The occurrence of two different template sorption sites in the framework as revealed by TG-DTA analysis further suggests the presence of Y, Nd and Sm in siliceous framework.
文摘The Zeolite Y as a support was modified by the incorporating of Fe and TiO2 in one single step using impregnation method. The synergistic effects between those components enhance the catalytic activity for the degradation of amaranth dye under ultrasonic irradiation with output power of 50 W and 40 kHz frequency. Different characterization techniques were used to elucidate the physical and chemical properties of the produced catalysts. The XRD results indicated that the type of titanium precursor significantly effects on the crystallinity of 0.4% Fe/15%TiO2-NaY catalyst. The AFM results detected that the TiO2 formed a layer covered the surface of zeolite while Fe clusters were located close to TiO2. The influence of reaction parameters such as TiO2 and Fe content, pH values, amount of hydrogen peroxide used, catalyst loading and the initial dye concentration were investigated for the decolorization efficiency of amaranth. The maximum decolorization efficiency for 0.4%Fe/15%TiO2-NaY was 100% after 120 min of reaction time with an initial dye concentration of 30 mg/L, 2 g/L of catalyst loading, natural pH about 5.5 and 0.65 mM H2O2.