Environmental issues are not inexhaustible, such as climate change, rubbish, nuclear waste, industrial cesspool, compost heap, etc.. Unfortunately, internalization of the environment is not passively done, for example...Environmental issues are not inexhaustible, such as climate change, rubbish, nuclear waste, industrial cesspool, compost heap, etc.. Unfortunately, internalization of the environment is not passively done, for example, through language （literature）. Environmental issues seem to have not received the attention seriously. Those issues can be seen in Indonesia language policies （ILP） from pre-colonial until reform era. ILP can be classified into seven periods, namely： pre-colonial （1331-1627）, Dutch （1816-1942）, Youth Pledge （1928-1942）, Japanese （1942-1945）, Old Order （1945-1966）, New Order （1966-1998）, Reform （1998-present）. The seventh period discusses the language policies, but an article focuses on environmental issues in language policy and language planning.展开更多
A closer look to the state of affairs of the elderly in Indonesia has disclosed the fact that the Indonesian elderly facing what this paper is coined as ＂multiple vulnerabilities.＂ On the one hand, Indonesian demogr...A closer look to the state of affairs of the elderly in Indonesia has disclosed the fact that the Indonesian elderly facing what this paper is coined as ＂multiple vulnerabilities.＂ On the one hand, Indonesian demographic is showing that the Indonesian people are getting old. The fertility rate has significantly decreased since 1970 when the total fertility rate decreases from 5.0 to 2.1 in 2025. This alone gives rise to various problems of the elderly, among whom are the dependency ratio, aging index, potential support ratio, and the feminization of aging. These problems show the level of vulnerability of the Indonesian elderly. From the perspective of the dependency ratio, for example, the number of people under the age of 15 and above 65 who depend on the labor force （15-64 years） has increased since 1970, from 7.0 to 29.0 in 2050. Again, this shows the high level of vulnerability of Indonesian elderly given that the dependency ratio itself has influenced on health care, living arrangements and family support, and so on. Aside from that, the economic burden will be very visible in the workforce. On the other hand, the policies on the elderly are still far from maximum realization. Law on the Welfare of the Elderly （13/1998） has recommended that every hospital must have geriatrics and gerontology section, yet only 8 hospitals fulfill the requirement. The situation is worsened due to the lack of adequate medical staff at the health center, which can serve elderly patients in a professional and humane way. Again, this brings forth the other side of the state of the elderly in Indonesia, which indicates the high level of their vulnerability. In this paper I will analyze the state of vulnerability of the elderly people in Indonesia from the perspective of ethics of vulnerability and personalism. I consider these two approaches as representing all ethical discussion about the ethical treatment of the elderly due to their characters of valuing the elderly as persons with dignity. Thus, this paper will show that the elderly in Indonesia is in danger of not being treated humanely.展开更多
尽管华人移民至印度尼西亚已有数百年之久,然而1965年印度尼西亚政府新秩序政策(New Order Policy)却制定了许多不利于华人文化发展的政策,导致印度尼西亚华人布袋戏的演出发生了内容与形态的改变。以布袋戏的演出为例,印度尼西亚华人...尽管华人移民至印度尼西亚已有数百年之久,然而1965年印度尼西亚政府新秩序政策(New Order Policy)却制定了许多不利于华人文化发展的政策,导致印度尼西亚华人布袋戏的演出发生了内容与形态的改变。以布袋戏的演出为例,印度尼西亚华人为了维持与母国文化的联系,一直在努力维护以往庙会的表演方式与布偶形态,但在印度尼西亚政府的压迫之下,华人为了维护传统文化的生存,而不得不采用了许多不同于以往的做法。为了能深入了解华人布袋戏在印度尼西亚的发展,本文将以印度尼西亚华人布袋戏发展的历史与社会环境、操偶师的养成、现今华人布袋戏演出形态、布袋戏后场音乐的类型与演变,四个方向为研究重心。展开更多
文摘Environmental issues are not inexhaustible, such as climate change, rubbish, nuclear waste, industrial cesspool, compost heap, etc.. Unfortunately, internalization of the environment is not passively done, for example, through language （literature）. Environmental issues seem to have not received the attention seriously. Those issues can be seen in Indonesia language policies （ILP） from pre-colonial until reform era. ILP can be classified into seven periods, namely： pre-colonial （1331-1627）, Dutch （1816-1942）, Youth Pledge （1928-1942）, Japanese （1942-1945）, Old Order （1945-1966）, New Order （1966-1998）, Reform （1998-present）. The seventh period discusses the language policies, but an article focuses on environmental issues in language policy and language planning.
文摘A closer look to the state of affairs of the elderly in Indonesia has disclosed the fact that the Indonesian elderly facing what this paper is coined as ＂multiple vulnerabilities.＂ On the one hand, Indonesian demographic is showing that the Indonesian people are getting old. The fertility rate has significantly decreased since 1970 when the total fertility rate decreases from 5.0 to 2.1 in 2025. This alone gives rise to various problems of the elderly, among whom are the dependency ratio, aging index, potential support ratio, and the feminization of aging. These problems show the level of vulnerability of the Indonesian elderly. From the perspective of the dependency ratio, for example, the number of people under the age of 15 and above 65 who depend on the labor force （15-64 years） has increased since 1970, from 7.0 to 29.0 in 2050. Again, this shows the high level of vulnerability of Indonesian elderly given that the dependency ratio itself has influenced on health care, living arrangements and family support, and so on. Aside from that, the economic burden will be very visible in the workforce. On the other hand, the policies on the elderly are still far from maximum realization. Law on the Welfare of the Elderly （13/1998） has recommended that every hospital must have geriatrics and gerontology section, yet only 8 hospitals fulfill the requirement. The situation is worsened due to the lack of adequate medical staff at the health center, which can serve elderly patients in a professional and humane way. Again, this brings forth the other side of the state of the elderly in Indonesia, which indicates the high level of their vulnerability. In this paper I will analyze the state of vulnerability of the elderly people in Indonesia from the perspective of ethics of vulnerability and personalism. I consider these two approaches as representing all ethical discussion about the ethical treatment of the elderly due to their characters of valuing the elderly as persons with dignity. Thus, this paper will show that the elderly in Indonesia is in danger of not being treated humanely.
文摘尽管华人移民至印度尼西亚已有数百年之久,然而1965年印度尼西亚政府新秩序政策(New Order Policy)却制定了许多不利于华人文化发展的政策,导致印度尼西亚华人布袋戏的演出发生了内容与形态的改变。以布袋戏的演出为例,印度尼西亚华人为了维持与母国文化的联系,一直在努力维护以往庙会的表演方式与布偶形态,但在印度尼西亚政府的压迫之下,华人为了维护传统文化的生存,而不得不采用了许多不同于以往的做法。为了能深入了解华人布袋戏在印度尼西亚的发展,本文将以印度尼西亚华人布袋戏发展的历史与社会环境、操偶师的养成、现今华人布袋戏演出形态、布袋戏后场音乐的类型与演变,四个方向为研究重心。
