The fourth industrial revolution promises to create what has been called the smart factory. The vision is that within such modular structured smart factories, cyber-physical systems monitor physical processes, create ...The fourth industrial revolution promises to create what has been called the smart factory. The vision is that within such modular structured smart factories, cyber-physical systems monitor physical processes, create a virtual copy of the physical world and make decentralised decisions. This paper provides a view of this initiative from an automation systems perspective. In this context it considers how future automation systems might be effectively configured and supported through their lifecycles and how integration, application modelling, visualisation and reuse of such systems might be best achieved. The paper briefly describes limitations in current engineering methods, and new emerging approaches including the cyber physical systems （CPS） engineering tools being developed by the automation systems group （ASG） at Warwick Manufacturing Group, University of Warwick, UK.展开更多
Considered as a top priority of industrial devel- opment, Industry 4.0 （or Industrie 4.0 as the German ver- sion） has being highlighted as the pursuit of both academy and practice in companies. In this paper, based ...Considered as a top priority of industrial devel- opment, Industry 4.0 （or Industrie 4.0 as the German ver- sion） has being highlighted as the pursuit of both academy and practice in companies. In this paper, based on the review of state of art and also the state of practice in dif- ferent countries, shortcomings have been revealed as the lacking of applicable framework for the implementation of Industrie 4.0. Therefore, in order to shed some light on the knowledge of the details, a reference architecture is developed, where four perspectives namely manufacturing process, devices, software and engineering have been highlighted. Moreover, with a view on the importance of Cyber-Physical systems, the structure of Cyber-Physical System are established for the in-depth analysis. Further cases with the usage of Cyber-Physical System are also arranged, which attempts to provide some implications to match the theoretical findings together with the experience of companies. In general, results of this paper could be useful for the extending on the theoretical understanding of Industrie 4.0. Additionally, applied framework and proto- types based on the usage of Cyber-Physical Systems are also potential to help companies to design the layout of sensor nets, to achieve coordination and controlling of smart machines, to realize synchronous production with systematic structure, and to extend the usage of information and communication technologies to the maintenance scheduling.展开更多
The development of science and technology has led to the era of Industry 4.0.The core concept is the combination of“material and informationization”.In the supply chain and manufacturing process,the“material”of th...The development of science and technology has led to the era of Industry 4.0.The core concept is the combination of“material and informationization”.In the supply chain and manufacturing process,the“material”of the physical entity world is realized by data,identity,intelligence,and information.Industry 4.0 is a disruptive transformation and upgrade of intelligent industrialization based on the Internet-of-Things and Big Data in traditional industrialization.The goal is“maximizing production efficiency,minimizing production costs,and maximizing the individual needs of human beings for products and services.”Achieving this goal will surely bring about a major leap in the history of the industry,which will lead to the“Fourth Industrial Revolution.”This paper presents a detailed discussion of industrial big data,strategic roles,architectures,characteristics,and four types of innovative business models that can generate profits for enterprises.The key revolutionary aspect of Industry 4.0 is explained,which is the equipment revolution.Six important attributes of equipment are explained under the Industry 4.0 perspective.展开更多
There are numerous internet-connected devices attached to the industrial process through recent communication technologies,which enable machine-to-machine communication and the sharing of sensitive data through a new ...There are numerous internet-connected devices attached to the industrial process through recent communication technologies,which enable machine-to-machine communication and the sharing of sensitive data through a new technology called the industrial internet of things(IIoTs).Most of the suggested security mechanisms are vulnerable to several cybersecurity threats due to their reliance on cloud-based services,external trusted authorities,and centralized architectures;they have high computation and communication costs,low performance,and are exposed to a single authority of failure and bottleneck.Blockchain technology(BC)is widely adopted in the industrial sector for its valuable features in terms of decentralization,security,and scalability.In our work,we propose a decentralized,scalable,lightweight,trusted and secure private network based on blockchain technology/smart contracts for the overhead circuit breaker of the electrical power grid of the Al-Kufa/Iraq power plant as an industrial application.The proposed scheme offers a double layer of data encryption,device authentication,scalability,high performance,low power consumption,and improves the industry’s operations;provides efficient access control to the sensitive data generated by circuit breaker sensors and helps reduce power wastage.We also address data aggregation operations,which are considered challenging in electric power smart grids.We utilize a multi-chain proof of rapid authentication(McPoRA)as a consensus mechanism,which helps to enhance the computational performance and effectively improve the latency.The advanced reduced instruction set computer(RISC)machinesARMCortex-M33 microcontroller adopted in our work,is characterized by ultra-low power consumption and high performance,as well as efficiency in terms of real-time cryptographic algorithms such as the elliptic curve digital signature algorithm(ECDSA).This improves the computational execution,increases the implementation speed of the asymmetric cryptographic algorithm and provides data integrity and device authenticity at the perceptual layer.Our experimental results show that the proposed scheme achieves excellent performance,data security,real-time data processing,low power consumption(70.880 mW),and very low memory utilization(2.03%read-only memory(RAM)and 0.9%flash memory)and execution time(0.7424 s)for the cryptographic algorithm.This enables autonomous network reconfiguration on-demand and real-time data processing.展开更多
Trustworthiness and product traceability are essential factors in the apparel industry 4.0 for establishing successful business relationships among stakeholders such as customers,manufacturers,suppliers,and consumers....Trustworthiness and product traceability are essential factors in the apparel industry 4.0 for establishing successful business relationships among stakeholders such as customers,manufacturers,suppliers,and consumers.Each stakeholder has implemented different technology-based systems to record and track product transactions.However,these systems work in silos,and there is no intra-system communication,leading to a lack of complete supply chain traceability for all apparel stakeholders.Moreover,apparel stakeholders are reluctant to share their business information with business competitors;thus,they involve third-party auditors to ensure the quality of the final product.Furthermore,the apparel manufacturing industry faces challenges with counterfeit products,making it difficult for consumers to determine the authenticity of the products.Therefore,in this paper,a trustworthy apparel product traceability framework called ChainApparel is developed using the Internet of Things(IoT)and blockchain to address these challenges of authenticity and traceability of apparel products.Specifically,multiple smart contracts are designed and developed for registration,process execution,audit,fault,and product traceability to authorize,validate,and trace every business transaction among the apparel stakeholders.Further,the real-time performance analysis of ChainApparel is carried out regarding transaction throughput and latency by deploying the compute nodes at different geographical locations using Hyperledger Fabric.The results conclude that ChainApparel accomplished significant performance under diverse workloads while ensuring complete traceability along the complex supply chain of the apparel industry.Thus,the ChainApparel framework helps make the apparel product more trustworthy and transparent in the market while safeguarding trust among the industry stakeholders.展开更多
Industry 4.0 is one of the hot topic of today’s world where everything in the industry will be data driven and technological advancements will take place accordingly.In the fourth phase of industrial revolution,manuf...Industry 4.0 is one of the hot topic of today’s world where everything in the industry will be data driven and technological advancements will take place accordingly.In the fourth phase of industrial revolution,manufacturers are dependent upon data produced by the consumers to invent,innovate or change anything for the product.Internet of things devices like OBD,RFID,IIoT,Smart devices are the major source of data generation and represents trends in the industry.Since the IoT device are vulnerable to hackers due to its limitation,consumer data security should be tighten up and enhanced.This paper gives an overview of industrial revolutions as well as proposes Blockchain Cloud Computing as a solution to store data for Industry 4.0.展开更多
基金support for this work from UK EPSRC,through the Knowledge-DrivenConfigurable Manufacturing (KDCM) research project under the Flexible and Reconfigurable Manufacturing Initiativefrom Innovate UK on the Direct Digital Deployment project, and from ARTEMIS on the Arrowhead project
文摘The fourth industrial revolution promises to create what has been called the smart factory. The vision is that within such modular structured smart factories, cyber-physical systems monitor physical processes, create a virtual copy of the physical world and make decentralised decisions. This paper provides a view of this initiative from an automation systems perspective. In this context it considers how future automation systems might be effectively configured and supported through their lifecycles and how integration, application modelling, visualisation and reuse of such systems might be best achieved. The paper briefly describes limitations in current engineering methods, and new emerging approaches including the cyber physical systems （CPS） engineering tools being developed by the automation systems group （ASG） at Warwick Manufacturing Group, University of Warwick, UK.
文摘Considered as a top priority of industrial devel- opment, Industry 4.0 （or Industrie 4.0 as the German ver- sion） has being highlighted as the pursuit of both academy and practice in companies. In this paper, based on the review of state of art and also the state of practice in dif- ferent countries, shortcomings have been revealed as the lacking of applicable framework for the implementation of Industrie 4.0. Therefore, in order to shed some light on the knowledge of the details, a reference architecture is developed, where four perspectives namely manufacturing process, devices, software and engineering have been highlighted. Moreover, with a view on the importance of Cyber-Physical systems, the structure of Cyber-Physical System are established for the in-depth analysis. Further cases with the usage of Cyber-Physical System are also arranged, which attempts to provide some implications to match the theoretical findings together with the experience of companies. In general, results of this paper could be useful for the extending on the theoretical understanding of Industrie 4.0. Additionally, applied framework and proto- types based on the usage of Cyber-Physical Systems are also potential to help companies to design the layout of sensor nets, to achieve coordination and controlling of smart machines, to realize synchronous production with systematic structure, and to extend the usage of information and communication technologies to the maintenance scheduling.
基金The authors(Basem Alkazemi,bykazemi@uqu.edu.saAli Safaa Sadiq,ali.sadiq@wlv.ac.uk)would like to thank deanship of scientific research(DSR)at umm Al-Qura University for their partial funding the work(Grant#17-COM-1-01-0007)the National Research Foundation(NRF),Korea(2019R1C1C1007277)funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT(MSIT),Korea.
文摘The development of science and technology has led to the era of Industry 4.0.The core concept is the combination of“material and informationization”.In the supply chain and manufacturing process,the“material”of the physical entity world is realized by data,identity,intelligence,and information.Industry 4.0 is a disruptive transformation and upgrade of intelligent industrialization based on the Internet-of-Things and Big Data in traditional industrialization.The goal is“maximizing production efficiency,minimizing production costs,and maximizing the individual needs of human beings for products and services.”Achieving this goal will surely bring about a major leap in the history of the industry,which will lead to the“Fourth Industrial Revolution.”This paper presents a detailed discussion of industrial big data,strategic roles,architectures,characteristics,and four types of innovative business models that can generate profits for enterprises.The key revolutionary aspect of Industry 4.0 is explained,which is the equipment revolution.Six important attributes of equipment are explained under the Industry 4.0 perspective.
基金This work is supported by the National Key R&D Program of China under Grand No.2021YFB2012202the Key Research Development Plan of Hubei Province of China under Grant No.2021BAA171,2021BAA038the project of Science Technology and Innovation Commission of Shenzhen Municipality of China under Grant No.JCYJ20210324120002006 and JSGG20210802153009028.
文摘There are numerous internet-connected devices attached to the industrial process through recent communication technologies,which enable machine-to-machine communication and the sharing of sensitive data through a new technology called the industrial internet of things(IIoTs).Most of the suggested security mechanisms are vulnerable to several cybersecurity threats due to their reliance on cloud-based services,external trusted authorities,and centralized architectures;they have high computation and communication costs,low performance,and are exposed to a single authority of failure and bottleneck.Blockchain technology(BC)is widely adopted in the industrial sector for its valuable features in terms of decentralization,security,and scalability.In our work,we propose a decentralized,scalable,lightweight,trusted and secure private network based on blockchain technology/smart contracts for the overhead circuit breaker of the electrical power grid of the Al-Kufa/Iraq power plant as an industrial application.The proposed scheme offers a double layer of data encryption,device authentication,scalability,high performance,low power consumption,and improves the industry’s operations;provides efficient access control to the sensitive data generated by circuit breaker sensors and helps reduce power wastage.We also address data aggregation operations,which are considered challenging in electric power smart grids.We utilize a multi-chain proof of rapid authentication(McPoRA)as a consensus mechanism,which helps to enhance the computational performance and effectively improve the latency.The advanced reduced instruction set computer(RISC)machinesARMCortex-M33 microcontroller adopted in our work,is characterized by ultra-low power consumption and high performance,as well as efficiency in terms of real-time cryptographic algorithms such as the elliptic curve digital signature algorithm(ECDSA).This improves the computational execution,increases the implementation speed of the asymmetric cryptographic algorithm and provides data integrity and device authenticity at the perceptual layer.Our experimental results show that the proposed scheme achieves excellent performance,data security,real-time data processing,low power consumption(70.880 mW),and very low memory utilization(2.03%read-only memory(RAM)and 0.9%flash memory)and execution time(0.7424 s)for the cryptographic algorithm.This enables autonomous network reconfiguration on-demand and real-time data processing.
基金support provided in part by the National Key Research and Development Program of China under Grant 2020YFB1005804part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 62372121,and in part by the NRPU 20-15516,HEC,Pakistan.
文摘Trustworthiness and product traceability are essential factors in the apparel industry 4.0 for establishing successful business relationships among stakeholders such as customers,manufacturers,suppliers,and consumers.Each stakeholder has implemented different technology-based systems to record and track product transactions.However,these systems work in silos,and there is no intra-system communication,leading to a lack of complete supply chain traceability for all apparel stakeholders.Moreover,apparel stakeholders are reluctant to share their business information with business competitors;thus,they involve third-party auditors to ensure the quality of the final product.Furthermore,the apparel manufacturing industry faces challenges with counterfeit products,making it difficult for consumers to determine the authenticity of the products.Therefore,in this paper,a trustworthy apparel product traceability framework called ChainApparel is developed using the Internet of Things(IoT)and blockchain to address these challenges of authenticity and traceability of apparel products.Specifically,multiple smart contracts are designed and developed for registration,process execution,audit,fault,and product traceability to authorize,validate,and trace every business transaction among the apparel stakeholders.Further,the real-time performance analysis of ChainApparel is carried out regarding transaction throughput and latency by deploying the compute nodes at different geographical locations using Hyperledger Fabric.The results conclude that ChainApparel accomplished significant performance under diverse workloads while ensuring complete traceability along the complex supply chain of the apparel industry.Thus,the ChainApparel framework helps make the apparel product more trustworthy and transparent in the market while safeguarding trust among the industry stakeholders.
文摘Industry 4.0 is one of the hot topic of today’s world where everything in the industry will be data driven and technological advancements will take place accordingly.In the fourth phase of industrial revolution,manufacturers are dependent upon data produced by the consumers to invent,innovate or change anything for the product.Internet of things devices like OBD,RFID,IIoT,Smart devices are the major source of data generation and represents trends in the industry.Since the IoT device are vulnerable to hackers due to its limitation,consumer data security should be tighten up and enhanced.This paper gives an overview of industrial revolutions as well as proposes Blockchain Cloud Computing as a solution to store data for Industry 4.0.
