Evolution Characteristics of Government-Industry-University-Research Cooperative Innovation Network for China＇s Agriculture and Influ- encing Factors： Illustrated According to Agricultural Patent Case

Under the special background of China, the cooperative innovation between different government-industry-university-research institutes plays an increasingly important role in the agricultural field. However, the existing literature has paid little attention to it. Considering the cooperation patents, published in the agriculture field stemming from the Full-text Database of China Patents as the study object, the spatial and institutional attribute of the authors as the data source, and by combining the social network and spatial econometrics analysis, this paper analyzes the structure evolution characteristics of cooperative innovation networks of agricultural government-industry-university-research institute in the city level of China in 1985–2014, based on the triple helix theory, with the influence factors discussed. This shows that, 1) since 1985, China's agricultural innovation level has been substantially increased, but the development degree of the cooperative innovation network is low, and the patent cooperation mainly relies on authors in the same unit; 2) enterprises play a leading role in the agricultural cooperative innovation. The effect of the government and hybrid organizations driven by the government is not obvious; 3) the cooperative innovation in the province and city dominates, and a multi-pole pattern has been formed. The cooperative innovation network structure evolves from a single helix empty core and double helix multi core to a double helix hierarchical network; 4) the city's science, education funding and personnel investment are key factors determining the agricultural cooperative innovation, while the agricultural development of the city presents slight negative impacts on it. The spatial mismatch of supply and demand is present in the technical cooperative innovation of China's agriculture. Therefore, the science enhancement and education investment to big agricultural provinces should be promptly implemented.

Evolution Characteristics of Government-Industry-University Cooperative Innovation Network of Electronic Information Industry in Liaoning Province, China

It is important to optimize the cooperative innovation network for the improvement of economic competence and innovative power. Based on the patent information services platform, we obtain invention patent data for the electronic information industry in Liaoning from 1985 to 2015. This paper analyzes the cooperative innovation network structure, its spatiotemporal evolution and the triple helix relationship of government-industry-university(GIU) by using the social network analysis method and the triple helix theory as well as UCINet, ArcGIS and NetDraw. The empirical results show that: 1) the number of the subjects of the electronic information industry GIU cooperative innovation network in Liaoning demonstrates a gradual increase from 1985 to 2015, with the same trend in concentration. In terms of its subject and its centrality, the universities have a higher position, and the industries have a lower position,while the status of the government is still unclear. 2) The cooperative innovation network presents a core-periphery structure, and the polarization effect of innovation subjects tends to be obvious. There is certain distance-decay regularity in the cooperative innovation network, and a strong geographical proximity to cooperative innovation. 3) The compactness shows a downward trend as a whole. In terms of the extent of participation, the industries are better than the government but worse than the universities. This means that the cooperative innovation network of GIU in the electronic information industry in Liaoning is in the initial stage of formation.

A Study of Methods to Identify Industry-University-Research Institution Cooperation Partners based on Innovation Chain Theory

Purpose： This study aims at identifying potential industry-university-research collaboration（IURC） partners effectively and analyzes the conditions and dynamics in the IURC process based on innovation chain theory.Design/methodology/approach： The method utilizes multisource data, combining bibliometric and econometrics analyses to capture the core network of the existing collaboration networks and institution competitiveness in the innovation chain. Furthermore, a new identification method is constructed that takes into account the law of scientific research cooperation and economic factors.Findings： Empirical analysis of the genetic engineering vaccine field shows that through the distribution characteristics of creative technologies from different institutions, the analysis based on the innovation chain can identify the more complementary capacities among organizations.Research limitations： In this study, the overall approach is shaped by the theoretical concept of an innovation chain, a linear innovation model with specific types or stages of innovation activities in each phase of the chain, and may, thus, overlook important feedback mechanisms in the innovation process.Practical implications： Industry-university-research institution collaborations are extremely important in promoting the dissemination of innovative knowledge, enhancing the quality of innovation products, and facilitating the transformation of scientific achievements.Originality/value： Compared to previous studies, this study emulates the real conditions of IURC. Thus, the rule of technological innovation can be better revealed, the potential partners of IURC can be identified more readily, and the conclusion has more value.

Does Industry-University-Research Cooperation Matter? An Analysis of Its Coupling Effect on Regional Innovation and Economic Development

The dislocation between regional innovation and economic development directly influences the economic effect of regional innovation. However, no in-depth researches have been made on how to solve this problem. Using data from Henan Province, China,employing geographical detector technology, this paper focuses on testing whether the industry-university-research cooperation can contribute to coordinating the relation between regional innovation and economic development. It is shown that: 1) the industry-universityresearch cooperation in Henan Province is increasing gradually, and the network presents a core-edge structure, and the coupling degree between regional innovation and economic development is spatially unbalanced, which is similar to the spatial distribution of the intensity of industry-university-research cooperation;2) as an important approach to effectively connect scientific researches with market demands, the industry-university-research cooperation can help form an interactive, interconnected, coupled and coordinated virtuous relation between regional innovation and economic development. Compared with the cooperation between organizations of the same type and the separate innovation of organizations, the improvement of the industry-university-research cooperation level can better coordinate the relation between regional innovation and economic development;3) the cooperative innovation model between enterprises and universities can better promote the coupling between regional innovation and economic development, compared with many industryuniversity-research cooperation models. For underdeveloped areas lacking local knowledge base, industry-university-research cooperation should be considered as a long-term development strategy, especially using the knowledge sources of external universities and scientific research institutions to enhance innovation capability and achieve economic growth.

Alienation of Rural Cooperative Finance and the Innovation of Financial Organization in China

Based on the elaboration of the content and status of rural cooperative finance, rural cooperative finance--the alienation of rural credit cooperative is introduced from three aspects of the concept and objective of management, the organizational form and management mode, and the service object and business scope. Causes of alienation are analyzed. Firstly, change in the economic foundation of cooperative finance is the fundamental reasons for the alienation. Secondly, mandatory system change led by the government is an important reason for alienation. Thirdly, property and administration structure of rural credit cooperative are the internal reasons for alienation of agricultural support. To achieve the innovation of rural cooperative financial organization, the following aspects should be done: cultivating the basis for rural cooperative economy, further promoting the reform of rural credit cooperatives (innovating a variety of property rights modes; making clear definition of ownership; implementing the internal governance structure), introducing competition in the field of rural cooperative finance, and homing function of government and rural cooperative finance.

Innovation Ability of Traditional Chinese Medicine Graduates Cultivated by Industry-University-Research Institute Cooperation Program:A Case Study of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine

Industry-university-research institute cooperation has important strategic significance and practical value for cultivating the innovation ability of graduate students.Taking Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine as an example,this paper analyzed the current status of the joint cultivation of industry-university-research institute,and explored an effective way to cultivate top-notch innovative talents with innovative spirit,entrepreneurial awareness and innovative entrepreneurial ability,in order to maximally stimulate talents to create the vitality of traditional Chinese medicine.

Analysis of Spillover Effect in Cooperative Knowledge Innovation

The paper supposes knowledge innovation as process innovation, revises AJ model and makes Oligopolistic Markets Model of two stages. It compares profit and social welfare between firms in the condition of cooperation and non-cooperation. It draws the conclusion that cooperative knowledge innovation can get much more benefit because of spillover effect of knowledge.

Private banking development in China under two organizational structures:Economic analysis from an organizational innovation perspective

This paper investigates optimal decisions for private banking development in China under two innovative organizational structures—the big retail mode(BRM)and the independent development mode(IDM).Under the BRM,the retail and private banking divisions form a cooperative relationship wherein the former transfers highnet-worth customers to the latter.In addition,retail banking receives a share of private banking revenues.We investigate the optimal revenue-sharing ratio between the two divisions and the optimal effort by private banking to serve transferred customers within the cooperative relationship.The analytical results show that as the private banking division becomes more developed,the optimal revenue-sharing ratio decreases,and the private banking division’s optimal effort to serve transferred customers decreases because it puts more effort into acquiring new customers.Under the IDM,the two divisions form a competitive relationship since they compete to acquire customers independently.We investigate customer acquisition efforts in this interdivisional competition.Optimal customer acquisition efforts by both divisions increase in potential assets and rates of return.This paper contributes to the literature by(1)analyzing financial innovation by private banks from an organizational perspective;(2)providing an economic analysis for private banking development in China.

Mode Innovation of School-Enterprise Cooperation on Food Safety Testing Laboratory Reform

In view of the difficulties about school-enterprise cooperation on food safety testing laboratory reform,the current training program,teaching methods and teaching forms are not suitable for the new platform.This paper provides new ideas and modes to solve these problems,such as integrating the resource elements between school and enterprise,establishing new platforms with the help of external force and innovating the cooperation modes to improve the laboratory,which can fully serve teaching,scientific research and enterprise production.

Structure, Evolution and Hot Spots of Cooperation Innovation Knowledge Network

Based on the statistics analysis of cooperation innovation articles, the paper analyses the distributing characteristics of cooperation innovation research papers. The distribution, structure and evolution of cooperation innovation research are studied through the social network and co-word method, combined with the information visualization technology. This study is based on the papers in the SSCI database during 2000-2014. The analysis and statistics of papers reveal distribution characteristics of the subject, time, institutions, countries and areas. The statistics shows that the research perspective of cooperation innovation from business and economics. The time distribution presents that research of cooperation innovation attracts enormous attention and the research achievement is increasing. From the distribution of organizations, countries and areas, North America and Europe countries maintain the leading position in this research field. But institutions and universities of China and other Asian countries or areas are witnessed their outstanding achievements in cooperation innovation research. Combining the co-word network analysis method, the paper studies the structure and content of cooperation innovation knowledge network in five stages and makes the net spectrum, visually showing the hot spots at various periods. The top highly cited papers in all five stages are reviewed simultaneously;their research hot spots and evolution process are concluded. The study shows 11 subjects including strategic alliances, social networks, R&D cooperation, R&D, technology transfer, alliances, knowledge management, social capital, entrepreneurship, trust, biotechnology are always the central issues in last 15 years. The focus of research is from the relationship between alliance and technology innovation to networking and knowledge innovation and then to open innovation.

Discussion on the Innovation of Energy Cooperation Modes between China and Central Asia

The Belt and Road Initiative represents a road of innovation, and the modes of energy cooperation between China and Central Asia needs innovation. Based on the actual environment of energy cooperation between China and Central Asia, this article discusses the direction and path of the innovation of energy cooperation modes between China and Central Asia from the following aspects: the perfection of the current energy cooperation modes;the construction of energy cooperation parks between China and Central Asia;PPP cooperation modes of the energy projects between China and Central Asia;and the integrated innovation of energy cooperation modes between China and Central Asia. It lays the foundation for the detailed planning of the in-depth energy cooperation between China and Central Asia under the Belt and Road Initiative.

Research on the Reform of School-Enterprise Cooperation Teaching and Education Mode for Computer Majors

This paper discusses the innovative methods of school-enterprise cooperation education mode in computer applied talent training.An innovative training model based on school-enterprise cooperation is proposed to promote the cultivation of students’practical and innovative skills,so as to better adapt to the needs of society.By analyzing the key links and influencing factors of the training mode,this paper puts forward some concrete suggestions and measures to provide guidelines for universities and enterprises in personnel training.

Study on Education Model of Innovation An Entrepreneurship Based on School-Enterprise Cooperation Platform——Take business administration as an example

Innovation requires education to further deepen reform.Facing the market demand,the college business administration specialty needs the teaching reform,enhances the specialized talented person's comprehensive quality.By analyzing the character istics of education in colleges and universities,this paper innovatively puts forward the school-enterprise cooperation mode to pro vide reference for the reform of higher education.

Research on the Relationship between Cooperation Innovation Expenditure and Economic Output of China’s Pharmaceutical Industry

Objective To empirically analyze the relationship between cooperation innovation expenditure and economic output of China’s pharmaceutical industry,and provide a reference for improving its economic benefits and the capability of cooperation innovation in the future.Methods The relevant data of China’s pharmaceutical industry from 2000 to 2016 was selected as a sample.Based on the co-integration theory,an error correction model was established to conduct Granger test of causality to study the relationship between cooperation innovation expenditure and economic output of China’s pharmaceutical industry.Results and Conclusion The cooperation innovation expenditure of China’s pharmaceutical industry has a significant positive impact on economic output.If cooperation innovation expenditure increases 1%,its economic output will go up by 1.7%.At the same time,the long-term promotion effect of cooperation innovation expenditure on economic output is more significant than the short-term effect.

How to promote cooperative innovation in environmentally friendly technology:a case of agricultural biotechnology in China

This study explored the factors influencing cooperative innovation in environmentally friendly agricultural biotechnology in China.First,we constructed an evolutionary game model comprising the factors of net income of cooperative innovation,net income of independent innovation,market constraints,and government subsidies.Using MATLAB simulation,we assigned different values to the aforementioned variables to explore the evolutionary trend of innovators’willingness to cooperate.Results showed that when the values of net income of cooperative innovation,net income of independent innovation,market constraints,and government subsidies exceeded the threshold,innovators’willingness to cooperate was significantly enhanced.Furthermore,the proportion of innovators who cooperated with others gradually increased to 100%;otherwise,it gradually decreased to 0%.Comparing the simulation curve with the real evolution curve of cooperative innovation in agricultural biotechnology in China,we found that the gradual decline in the willingness to cooperate could be due to insufficient subsidies for cooperative innovation,low income from cooperative innovation,weak profitability of innovators,and weak market constraints.

Diffusion mechanism simulation of cloud manufacturing complex network based on cooperative game theory

Cloud manufacturing is a specific implementation form of the "Internet + manufacturing" strategy. Why and how to develop cloud manufacturing platform(CMP), however, remains the key concern of both platform operators and users. A microscopic model is proposed to investigate advantages and diffusion forces of CMP through exploration of its diffusion process and mechanism. Specifically, a three-stage basic evolution process of CMP is innovatively proposed. Then, based on this basic process, a more complex CMP evolution model has been established in virtue of complex network theory, with five diffusion forces identified. Thereafter, simulations on CMP diffusion have been conducted. The results indicate that, CMP possesses better resource utilization,user satisfaction, and enterprise utility. Results of simulation on impacts of different diffusion forces show that both the time required for CMP to reach an equilibrium state and the final network size are affected simultaneously by the five diffusion forces. All these analyses indicate that CMP could create an open online cooperation environment and turns out to be an effective implementation of the "Internet + manufacturing" strategy.

The Obstacles,Paths and Mechanisms of the Sustainable Development of Farmers' Cooperatives in Hebei Province

Based on the description of the major role played by famers' cooperatives in developing rural economy and in increasing the income of farmers,the obstacles of the sustainable development of famers' cooperatives in Hebei Province are introduced.Firstly,the cooperative mechanism is imperfect;secondly,the development is substandard;thirdly,the coverage of preferential policy is limited;fourthly,the capitals and financing problem are difficult;fifthly,the operation is single;sixthly,the construction of marketing channels is the weak;seventhly,the professional talents are scarce.The sustainable development paths of famers' cooperatives in Heibei Province are analyzed.Firstly,conducting value-added processing and taking the way of materialized development,industrialized operation and enterprise-style management;secondly,implementing agricultural quality and brand strategy and moving into the high level market;thirdly,constructing modern agricultural marketing and taking the road of supermarket agriculture;fourthly,enforcing the management of information and getting efficiency from information;fifthly,developing recycling agriculture and taking the way of improving resource efficiency.There are five ways for establishing the operational mechanism of sustainable development of farmers' cooperatives in Heibei Province.The government should innovate the cooperation mechanism;innovating training and education mechanism;innovating production mechanism;innovating financial mechanism;innovating marketing mechanism.

Auto China 2016 Witnesses "Innovation to Transformation"

The 14th Beijing International Automotive Exhibition(Auto China 2016)will take place from April 25 to May 4,2016.It will be at China International Exhibition Center New Venue(Tianzhu)and China International Exhibition Center Old Venue(Jinganzhuang)simultaneously and the total exhibition area is expected to be 220,000 square meters.Auto China 2016 is sponsored by China Machinery Industry

The Theoretical Innovation and Exemplary Value of the Belt and Road Initiative

As a global public good, the Belt and Road Initiative proposed by the Chinese government features being "non-rivalrous" and "non-excludable," which are two essential characteristics of public goods. From design philosophy to operational framework, from vision to action, distinct Chinese characteristics, style and temperament are fully demonstrated by this initiative. In theory, the Belt and Road Initiative promotes multiple innovations in global governance and enriches and develops international cooperation and the global value chain. The "Silk Road spirit" inherits and innovates the core philosophy of China's diplomacy since 1949; more importantly, its principle of achieving shared growth through discussion and collaboration is a key contribution to global governance theory. In practice, the Belt and Road Initiative highlights both regional cooperation and international agreement, and initiates a new model for China's diplomatic practice and international cooperation. Therefore, it is of exemplary value in terms of development, peace, culture and cooperation, while offering a new solution to dealing with international relations in the era of Reform and Opening-up. The past three years has generated marked achievements. The Belt and Road construction is at a critical stage of transition from quantitative change to qualitative change, from small achievements to significant success. In the future, China should take the initiative to promote the construction of two principal axes, further integrate with the philosophy underpinning China's diplomacy as a major country, innovate the theoretical system of the Belt and Road Initiative and forge a corresponding security system. As the old Chinese saying goes, "Big countries should treat small countries with kindness and justice, while small countries should treat big countries with wisdom." China should properly address the competition and cooperation with countries along the Belt and Road and further advance institutional construction within the framework of its major country diplomacy.