Screening of New Born and Infants for Hearing by OAE

The present study was carried out in the department of the otorhinolaryngology at a Secondary health care institute, with the aim of screening of new born (especially high risk) for hearing with OAE (Oto Acoustic Emission test). Loss of impairment of auditory sense is the most prevalent deficit of all sensory organs. Hearing impairment causes a huge impact on one’s social, educational, and economic wellbeing. There are about 5 - 6 infants who have hard of hearing out of 1000 neonates. It was carried out over a period of 15 months (April 21 to July 22) in association with department of Paediatrics. 645 new born and infants were screened by DPOAE (Distortion Product Oto Acoustic Emission) test for congenital hearing impairment. 54 new born infants out of 645 neonates screened showed “refer” in our study. To decrease the burden of morbidity of hearing loss in the society, universal new born hearing screening (UNBHS) policy is the concept to diagnose and treat at the earliest age of affected child, because early detection remains the primary element to decrease the associated morbidity.

Status of New HIV Infections among Infants Born of HIV Positive Mothers on Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission at Kisii Teaching and Referral Hospital, Kenya

Introduction: The goal of Prevention of Mother to child Transmission (PMTCT) is to minimize new HIV infection with PMTCT interventions which can reduce to as low as 2%. Gusii region is number 5 among counties that contribute to 65% of new HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) in infections in Kenya. The study was to determine the prevalence of new HIV infections among infants (3 - 18 months) born of HIV positive mothers on PMTCT follow up at Kisii Teaching and Referral Hospital (KTRH). Method: This was a descriptive cross sectional study involving 96 infants born of HIV positive mothers on PMTCT programme at Kisii Teaching and Referral Hospital (KTRH) was conducted. The infants were between 3 to 18 months of age. The infants were investigated for their HIV status and factors associated with prevalence. The data collection was done during postnatal checkups, antiretroviral treatment follow up and immunization schedule. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. Results: 13.5% (95% C.I = 10.1% to 16.9%) were found to be positive despite their mothers being on PMTCT program. There was no significant difference between gender and status of the infant (χ2 = 0.758, df = 1, p-value = 0.0384). Conclusion: The study confirms that there are still new HIV infections despite being followed up in the PMTCT program. The new HIV infections were associated with mixed feeding. Recommendation: Counseling on Infant feeding, use of ant-retroviral treatment and support from partners should be strengthen in the PMTCT program to ensure reduction of new HIV infections.

Transition of Depressive Symptoms and Anxiety Symptoms According to Parity and Associations of These Symptoms with Feelings for Involvement with Newborn Infants during a 6-Month Postpartum Period

Background: Depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms during the postpartum period affect physical health and child rearing and that these effects are important social issues. Objective: The aims of this study were to clarify the differences in the transition of depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms according to parity during a 6-month postpartum period and to clarify the differences in associations of depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms with feelings for involvement with newborn infants in primiparous and multiparous postpartum women. Methods: The design of this study was a longitudinal investigation. This study was conducted from February 2017 to July 2018 in Japan. By using self-administered questionnaires that included questions on psychological symptoms in a standard climacteric scale and questions on feelings for involvement with newborn infants, we collected data at 3 days postpartum, 2 weeks postpartum, one month postpartum, 3 months postpartum and 6 months postpartum. Results: Responses to all of the questionnaires were obtained from 121 (52.8%) of 229 women. The score for depressive symptoms in primiparous women was significantly higher than that in multiparous women at 3 days postpartum. Depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms showed peaks at 2 weeks postpartum in both primiparous women and multiparous women, but depressive symptoms reoccurred from 3 months postpartum to 6 months postpartum in primiparous women and anxiety symptoms reoccurred from one month to 3 months postpartum in multiparous women. Depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms were associated with negative feelings for involvement with newborn infants and with mother’s sleeping time. Conclusion: Changes in depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms were different in primiparous women and multiparous women during a 6-month postpartum period. In addition, depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms were associated with negative feelings for involvement with newborn infants and with sleeping time in postpartum women.

New Law Protects the Health of Mothers and Infants

CHINA celebrates International Children’s Day this year with the implementation of a law protecting the health of the country’s mothers and infants. The Law of the P.R.C. on the Protection of Mothers and Infants, passed on October 27, 1994, during the 10th Session of the 8th Standing Committee of National People’s Congress, was publicly issued on the No.33 Command of the President of the P.R.C. and will go into effect June 1, 1995. This first law specifically concerned with the protection of the health of women and children is expected to play an important role in the overall improvement of the health of the Chinese people, the quality of the population, the advancement of the society, and the overall happiness among families. The law stresses the promotion of maternal and child

Achondrogenesis Type II in a Live Term Newborn Infant: A Case Report

Background: Achondrogenesis type II is a lethal form of osteochondrodysplasia characterized by short trunk, disproportionately large head, prominent forehead, micrognathia, extreme micromelia, anasarca, large abdomen and poor ossification of the bones. The children with achondrogenesis are usually born premature, or die in the neonatal period mostly from respiratory failure. We report the case of a live term newborn infant with achondrogenesis type II who died shortly after birth. Methods: We report a case of achondrogenesis type II in a live male newborn. Results: We report the case of a term male infant delivered to a 24-year-old woman with a chondrogenesis type II confirmed radiologically but died at age 5 days. Conclusion: Whenever a skeletal dysplasia in a fetal dwarfism is suspected, a proper work-up plan should be done to evaluate family history. A clinical, radiographic and histopathologic examination, should be done and confirmed by genetic study. Following evidence-based diagnosis, patients could be offered termination of pregnancy after counseling.

Midwifery Students’ Confidence in New-Born Care at Completion of Training in Selected Midwifery Schools in Zambia. A Multicentric Study: A Case of Zambia

Background: Quality education is one of the important factors in empowering midwives to provide quality health care services to mothers and newborns irrespective of their practice settings. Due to lack of standardization of the duration, content, and structure of midwifery education and different pathways to midwifery across the world, midwives may lack the confidence to deliver quality health care services in the main domain of the ICM competences. Aim: To assess the confidence of final year midwifery students in the domain of new-born care based on the ICM midwifery competencies. Methods: The first phase consisted of a quick situation analysis of midwifery education and regulation in Zambia, followed by a cross-sectional survey through a self-administered questionnaire to assess the confidence of final year midwifery students. Results: Most (51.9%) of the respondents were aged between 18 and 28 years, and majority of them were placed in Levels 1, 2 and 3 Hospitals and also clinics for their clinical practice, with between one hundred to ten thousand annual births, followed by 16.9% who were placed in Level 3 hospitals only. Most students (38.3%) reported receiving classroom instruction by both Lecture and Demonstration. Few students (22.7%) responded that they were not satisfied with their clinical supervision, while 77.3% were satisfied. There was significant association between confidence to perform skills independently and having enough time to practice on models in the labs (p value = 0.024), confidence when practiced for the first time on mothers (p value = 0.007) and satisfaction with supervision during clinical practice (p value = 0.000). Binary logistic regression of characteristics associated with confidence to perform new-born skills independently revealed significant association between satisfaction with clinical supervision and confidence to perform skills independently, 95% CI [1.83, 15.37]. Conclusion: Midwifery students need quality training both theoretically and practically in order for them to gain confidence in newborn care upon completion of their training. They need adequate time to practice on models in the skills laboratory, and need adequate clinical supervision for them to gain confidence in performing new born skills independently.

美国公共图书馆的婴幼儿早期阅读推广——对Born to Read项目的考察

文章通过对美国公共图书馆Born to Read(出生即阅读)婴幼儿早期阅读推广活动的产生背景、服务内容、服务特点及价值内涵进行分析,探讨美国公共图书馆开展婴幼儿早期阅读推广活动的经验和启示。Born to Read早期阅读推广具有主体多元化、关注0岁婴幼儿、以培养阅读能力和阅读兴趣为主等特点,对引导亲子阅读、保障婴幼儿阅读权利、推动婴幼儿早期阅读等具有价值。我国公共图书馆应引导家长开展0岁婴幼儿早期阅读活动,为弱势群体家庭提供早期阅读服务,推广婴幼儿早期阅读的品牌活动。

Evaluation of the Quality of the Setting up of Early Mother-Born Interactions

The maternity process that has unfolded throughout the pregnancy, undergoes a turning point that occurs most of the time during the stay in diaper: place for installation of early mother-born interactions. The objective of the study is the evaluation of the quality of the establishment of early motherborn interactions as well as the effect of maternal feeling disruption on these interactions. It is a prospective study, focused on a total of 102 maternal-New-born dyads, in the unit of maternity series, at Rabat Children’s Hospital, University Hospital of Ibn Sina. It was based on a scale and an evaluation grid: the Mother-to-Infant Bonding Scale MIBQ and an evaluation grid of early mother-child interactions. The results showed that the age of the youth who is dominated at 60% (between 21 and 30 years), and that the primiparity was at 54% and 51% healthy;the correlation analysis between MIBQ and the grid shows that there is a significant correlation of average size with the emotional stability of the mother (p = 0.014 < 0.05), the quality of the attachment of the baby as his mother at the moment breastfeeding (p = 0.011 < 0.05) and the quality of the observed family context (p = 0.017 < 0.05). The installation of the mother-child relationship therefore depends on maternal capacities to recognize her place as a mother and to recognize the needs of their child, but it also depends on the child’s ability to show signs of attachment, his feelings of discomfort and pleasure.

新产程标准下不同时机实施分娩镇痛对初产妇产程、分娩方式及母婴结局的影响

目的:探讨新产程标准下初产妇分娩镇痛不同实施时机对产程、分娩方式及母婴结局的影响。方法:选取2022年1月—2023年2月于滕州市中心人民医院行自然分娩的129例初产妇,按照不同分娩镇痛时机分成Ⅰ组(n=43,宫口扩张≤2 cm)、Ⅱ组(n=43,2 cm<宫口扩张<3 cm)与Ⅲ组(n=43,宫口扩张≥3 cm)。所有初产妇均接受连续硬膜外阻滞分娩镇痛。对三组产程、镇痛效果、分娩方式及母婴结局进行比较。结果:三组自然分娩率、中转剖宫产率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);与Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组比较,Ⅲ组第一产程、总产程均更短,第二产程更长(P<0.05);与Ⅰ组比较,Ⅱ组第一产程、总产程均更短,第二产程更长(P<0.05);Ⅲ组镇痛总有效率(95.35%)较Ⅰ组(73.81%)、Ⅱ组(78.57%)更高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);Ⅲ组不良母婴结局发生率(11.63%)较Ⅰ组(34.88%)、Ⅱ组(30.23%)更低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:宫口扩张≥3 cm时实施分娩镇痛虽然会延长第二产程,但能够缩短第一产程及总产程,提高镇痛效果,降低不良母婴结局发生率,临床可根据初产妇实际情况,合理选择分娩镇痛时机。

Rh系统抗-D与抗-E抗体共同致新生儿溶血病的研究分析

目的:研究1例Rh系统2种不规则抗体(抗-D、抗-E)同时存在导致新生儿溶血病。方法:通过临床资料提供,对产妇进行血型分析,不规则抗体筛查及抗体特异性鉴定,抗体效价分析;对新生儿进行直接抗人球蛋白试验、游离试验、放散试验及抗体特异性分析。结果:产妇不规则抗体阳性,抗体为Rh系统抗-D与抗-E,IgG抗-D效价为512,IgG抗-E效价为2;新生儿直接抗人球蛋白试验阳性、放散试验检出抗-D和抗-E抗体,游离试验检出抗-D抗体。结论:经新生儿三项实验诊断新生儿溶血病成立,积极给予对症治疗,患儿康复出院。

新生代父母在线婴幼儿健康信息采纳行为路径研究——基于中国式育儿实践的扎根分析

[目的/意义]在线婴幼儿健康信息正在成为婴幼儿养育的重要支持,探索新生代父母在线婴幼儿健康信息采纳行为路径,为中国式育儿实践的理解和解析提供一种在线健康信息的视角和理论框架。[方法/过程]采用半结构化访谈方式收集32位新生代父母对在线婴幼儿健康信息的行为实践经历,基于扎根理论梳理出情境、动机、信息、主体、家庭、社会、感知有用性、反应8个主范畴,进而构建出相关健康信息采纳行为路径理论模型。[结果/结论]研究发现,在不同的情境触发下,父母会基于不同的动机来获取、甄别和采纳相关健康信息,以进一步强化其育儿观和育儿实践,而在这过程中,家庭、社会作为一个外部系统影响着新生代父母的行为实践选择。

“00后”护士对护士长角色期望的质性研究

目的:了解“00后”护士对护士长角色期望内容和主次顺序,为护士长管理“00后”护士、培养护理新生力量提供参考。方法:采用半结构访谈法对北京某三级甲等医院22名外出学习的“00后”护士进行“一对一”深入访谈,运用Colaizzi 7步分析法对访谈内容进行计划、实施、整理、分析。结果:对“00后”护士的护士长角色期望提炼出专业技能、管理能力、领导能力、沟通能力、科研能力及个性品质6个主题。结论:“00后”护士对护士长角色期望有变化,护士期望护士长管理能力、领导能力、沟通能力过硬,同时做好人文关怀及具有良好的个性品质,其次为专业技能、科研能力。

黑核桃新品种树生瑞奇选育及嫁接育苗技术的应用分析

近年来我国大力发展核桃产业,核桃产业稳步健康快速发展。立足上述背景,文章结合美国黑核桃的特点进行黑核桃新品种树生瑞奇的选育以及嫁接育苗。研究中选择美国东部黑核桃作为砧木,在树生瑞奇第一代优良株上采集接穗,采用芽接或枝接的方式进行嫁接繁育。通过连续3年的观察和测量,研究了植物学特性、生物学特性和适应性,并进行了区域适应性试验和DUS测试。经过研究,经枝接、芽接无性繁殖,树生瑞奇的嫁接平均成活率达到91.95%,成活率十分理想。研究所培育的树生瑞奇病虫害少,生长速度很快,且具有很强的适应性。

新质公安战斗力视域下工匠精神融入“00后”学警人才培养路径探究

“00后”学警具有生成新质公安战斗力的天然优势。“00后”学警人才培养中融入工匠精神是提升新质公安战斗力的重要途径,具体对策措施主要包括:打造与守护好“三个阵地”,培养学警忠诚履职的敬业精神;创新教育教学方法,培养学警精益求精的学习精神;强化服从意识养成,培养学警一丝不苟的作风等。

新西兰乳制品法规标准监管体系及其借鉴意义

新西兰是一个畜牧业极为发达的国家,其乳制品畅销全球,有着很好的声誉。这是因为新西兰不仅有丰富的原料乳资源,而且极其重视乳制品的安全管理。新西兰通过制定一系列标准法规,从牧草种植、饲料加工、奶牛养殖、生乳管理到乳制品生产加工的各个环节加强控制,从而保障乳制品的安全。本文介绍新西兰乳制品基本监管情况和贸易情况,并分析新西兰乳品行业创新技术对我国的借鉴意义。

新政策下婴幼儿托育服务与管理专业医育融合课程体系建设研究

文章围绕婴幼儿托育服务展开,分别从婴幼儿托育服务新政策、婴幼儿托育服务与管理专业的人才培养、婴幼儿托育服务与管理专业医育融合的课程体系研究现状的相关研究三个方面进行研究探讨,梳理出了婴幼儿托育服务与管理专业医育融合课程体系建设的必要性和重要性。分析发现,婴幼儿托育服务与管理专业医育融合的课程体系建设是人才培养中的关键一环,是人才培养的必经之路和必要方向,需要政府、企业、院校合力构建医育课程体系,从而提升托育人才质量,完善婴幼儿照护体系。

昆明地区正常单胎活产新生儿出生体重十年分析

目的：探讨不同孕龄正常新生儿出生体重经验百分位数,建立新生儿出生体重修匀曲线及百分位数值,获得不同孕龄正常新生儿出生体重标准以及不同孕龄男、女新生儿出生体重标准。方法：回顾分析1999年1月1日2008年12月31日在我院产科住院分娩,母亲无并发症且新生儿存活无畸形的15830例的出生体重。以4次方方程y=a＋bx＋cx2＋dx3＋ex4分别修匀新生儿实际出生体重及男婴、女婴10th、25th、50th、75th、90th百分位数曲线,分别计算修匀后出生体重。结果：（1）获得我院正常妊娠2842周单胎活产新生儿出生体重10th、25th、50th、75th、90th经验百分位数与修匀后百分位数;（2）我院10年间单胎活产中小于孕龄儿和大于孕龄儿的总体发生率分别为10.16%和10.29%;（3）在我院出生的新生儿中男婴的平均出生体重较女婴高104g。结论：（1）我院正常妊娠2842周单胎活产新生儿出生体重修匀曲线为监测评估胎儿生长发育和围产儿结局提供了重要正常参考值;（2）我院小于孕龄儿与大于孕龄儿发生率与国外报道近似;（3）男婴平均出生体重大于女婴。