Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Parents in the Vaso-Occlusive Crises of the Sick Children in Brazzaville

Objectives: to evaluate the parents’ knowledge of vaso-occlusive crises, to identify their attitudes and practices. Method: a retrospective, transversal, descriptive and analytical study carried out between January and June 2016 at the HUC of Brazzaville. The parents of sickle cell children aged 2 to 17 years, followed for at least one year, were interviewed. Results: a total of 319 parents were interviewed, including 221 women (69.3%) and 98 men (30.7%) with a mean age of 40.8 ± 9 years. They were unschooled 65 cases (20.4%), had primary education 41 cases (12.9%), secondary 149 cases (46.7%) and higher level 64 cases (20.1%). They had one child sickle cell 258 cases (80.9%). They knew sickle cell disease 283 cases (88.7%), its genetic transmission 249 cases (78.1%). The source of information was a health worker 211 cases (66.1%). They had a good knowledge of the vaso-occlusive crisis 101 cases (31.7%). In a vaso-occlusive crisis, they used a health facility 207 cases (64.8%), self-medicated 66 cases (20.7%). Their home practices were good 99 cases (31%), fairly good 135 cases (42.3%) and bad 85 cases (26.5%). Parents aged 25 to 34 (OR = 1.8 95% 1 - 3), secondary (OR = 1.7 95% 1 - 2.7) and with good practices (OR = 4.5 95% 2.7 - 7.5) are those who have a good knowledge of vaso-occlusive crises. Conclusion: The importance and severity of vaso-occlusive crises in the sickle-cell child’s life experience, the crucial role played by parents in their care requires that the information, education and communication of these children be strengthened To improve their quality of life.

Assessment of Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices (KAP) on Rheumatic Heart Disease among Senior Medical Students in Cameroon

Background: Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is the commonest cause of valvular heart disease in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). The low cardiologist to patient ratio leaves a big challenge of RHD prevention and management to general practitioners in Cameroon. This makes it important to assess the aptitude of senior medical students who are doctors-to-be on RHD. This could thus give a base on which to increase awareness and decrease the burden of the disease. Therefore, we sort to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of senior medical students on rheumatic heart disease. General objective: To determine the level of knowledge, attitudes on rheumatic heart disease, and assess practices towards RHD and its prevention. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted in four medical schools in Cameroon for a period of 3 months (from January 1st to April 1st, 2019). The senior medical students were recruited using a structured self-administered questionnaire and electronic forms. Data were entered into an excel spreadsheet and analysed with IBM SPSS version 25.0 for windows. The knowledge level was divided into tertiles (poor, moderate and good) while the attitudes and practices were divided into poor or good. Association to KAP was evaluated and Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: In total, 509 senior medical students (6th and 7th year) were recruited. The mean age was 24.6 (SD ± 1.7) with 53.2% of students in the 19 to 24 years-old range. There were more females (51.7%) and level 6 students (50.1%). Most of the students had moderate knowledge (58.2%), with good attitudes and practices on rheumatic heart disease and its prevention. One-quarter of the students had good knowledge, attitudes, and practices on rheumatic heart disease. Lecture on RHD, history of sore throat and study in faculty of health science (FHS) was associated with good knowledge, attitudes, and practices on RHD. Conclusion: Despite having most of the senior medical students (6th and 7th years) in Cameroon with moderate to good knowledge of RHD, only a third has an above-average knowledge. There is a modest knowledge of RHD that could be used as an important foundation upon which to build RHD educational programs to expand awareness and understanding. Every 1 in 4 senior medical students have good knowledge, attitude and practice on RHD.

Healthcare professionals'knowledge,attitude and practice towards ischemic bowel disease

BACKGROUND Ischemic bowel disease(IBD)is a critical condition caused by reduced blood flow to the intestines,leading to tissue damage and potentially severe complications.Early recognition and timely management are essential for improving patient outcomes and reducing morbidity and mortality associated with IBD.AIM To evaluate the knowledge,attitude and practice(KAP)of healthcare professionals regarding IBD.METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted among healthcare professionals in China from November 2023 to December 2023 using a self-designed questionnaire.RESULTS A total of 315 valid questionnaires were analyzed,with 215 participants(68.25%)being female.The mean KAP scores were 17.55±5.35(range:0-24),27.65±2.77(range:8-40),and 18.88±4.23(range:6-30),respectively.Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed the following factors to be independently associated with knowledge:Age 26-35 years(β=2.80,95%CI:0.31-5.30,P=0.028),professional title(β=2.66,95%CI:0.91-4.41,P=0.003),position(β=-3.78,95%CI:-5.45 to-2.11,P<0.001),participation in IBD-related training(β=3.45,95%CI:2.39-4.51,P<0.001),and admission of more than five IBD cases in the past month(β=3.25,95%CI:1.58-4.92,P<0.001).Attitude was independently associated with knowledge(β=0.20,95%CI:0.15-0.26,P<0.001)and being a nurse or nursing supervisor(β=-1.30,95%CI:-2.16 to-0.40,P=0.003).Practice was independently associated with knowledge(β=0.20,95%CI:0.10-0.30,P<0.001)and attitude(β=0.24,95%CI:0.06-0.42,P=0.007).Structural equation modeling demonstrated direct effects of knowledge on attitude(β=0.24,P<0.001)and practice(β=0.26,P<0.001),as well as of attitude on practice(β=0.22,P=0.012).CONCLUSION Healthcare professionals demonstrated adequate knowledge but moderate attitude and inactive practice regarding IBD.Addressing the gaps in attitude and practice through targeted training programs and interventions is essential for improving patient care and outcomes.

Knowledge Attitude and Practices Related on Prevention of Mosquito Borne Diseases and Sanitation Conditions in a Salvadoran Urban Community

Introduction: In El Salvador Mosquito Borne Diseases (MBDs) is a serious public health problem due to produce morbidity and mortality. They produce a high economic loss, which contributes to the collapse of the public health system. Over the years, the Salvadoran public health system has invested large amounts of resources to minimize the problem through campaigns against MBDs. Despite this, the population is still affected by diseases such as dengue, and more recently chikungunya and zika outbreaks. The aim of this study is to evaluate sanitation conditions variables and identify knowledge, attitudes, practices related to the prevention of MBDs. Methods: A cross-sectional survey about sanitation conditions and knowledge, attitudes and practices on prevention of MBDs of inhabitant’s ≥ 15 years from an urban community of a municipality with the highest number of cases reported in 2015. Results: Majority of respondents (98.2%) had direct supply of drinking water;however 96.4% of respondents were agreed that they had an inconsistent water supply. Regarding MBDs prevention respondents showed high acceptable knowledge (76.8%), high favorable attitude (92.1%) and an acceptable implementation of practices toward prevention reproduction of mosquitoes (58.5%) and a poor implementation of practices to prevent mosquito bites (38.3%). Conclusions: The findings revealed high acceptable knowledge about MBDs and a high favorable attitude regarding to prevent them, but also revealed a scarce implementation of prevention practices. The generalized storage of water on non-covered barrels because the inconsistent water supplies, can be source of proliferation of mosquitoes and therefore increases the risk of transmission of MBDs. High population density of the community can magnify this risk. It is necessary to enhance education to promote better implementation of practices using the most common media together with the local health workers.

Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices Regarding Diabetic Eye Disease among General Population in Medina City, Saudi Arabia

Background: Diabetic eye disease is known as a group of eye problems that diabetic patients may develop as a complication of diabetes and can lead to blindness. They may include Diabetic retinopathy (DR), Cataracts, and Glaucoma. Objectives: This study aims to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) around diabetic eye disease in the general population including patients with DM and non-diabetic people in Medina City, Saudi Arabia. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study involving 385 participants via a self-administered online Questionnaire started in January 2023 in Medina, Saudi Arabia. Results: In total, 339 participants with ages ranged from 18 to more than 60 years with a mean age of 26.8 ± 12.6 years old completed the questionnaire. The majority were females (74.6%), singles (67.8%), and had a university level of education (54.6%). Most of the study participants were found to have poor knowledge levels (67%) in comparison to 33% who had an overall good knowledge of diabetic eye diseases. Knowledge level was found to be higher among old-aged participants and those with a family history of DM (P = 0.001, P = 0.049) respectively. Regarding participants’ attitudes and practices, the study showed good attitudes toward eye care practice for diabetics with half of the participants (50%) reporting self-awareness as a reason that made them undergo the first eye screening. Conclusion: Participants in the present study have poor knowledge and awareness level of diabetic eye disease. Furthermore, positive attitudes and perceptions have been revealed by the participants toward the practice of providing eye care for diabetics. .

Knowledge, Attitudes, Practices, and Perceptions for Salt/Sodium Reduction in the Gastronomic Sector of Costa Rica

Excess sodium intake is associated with high blood pressure and cardiovascular diseases. This study examined food services in Costa Rica as a major source of sodium. The research included six cafeterias, six fast food establishments, 13 restaurants, and 15 diners using non-probabilistic convenience sampling. Interviews were conducted with workers to assess knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding salt reduction. The findings were analyzed to determine effective intervention strategies. Participants showed regular knowledge about salt/sodium. While they recognized the link with high blood pressure, understanding of other health problems was limited. Positive attitudes were observed toward healthy cooking and reducing sodium in pre-prepared food, especially in restaurants. Over 70% expressed a desire to reduce salt in food services, with more than 80% indicating a need for staff training, particularly in cafeterias lacking knowledge of low-salt preparations. High-sodium ingredients were prevalent, with saltshakers and sauces readily available. However, some individuals were reluctant to reduce salt/sodium intake, citing concerns about taste, food variety, and customer complaints. Obstacles to reducing salt/sodium levels included limited accessibility and the cost of low-sodium ingredients. The data collection tools and methodologies used in this study can serve as a foundation for future investigations and strategies to reduce salt consumption in food services. The study recommends government support for transforming the gastronomic sector and implementing regulations and knowledge enhancement. Collaboration with the productive sector is crucial for creating healthy environments. This research presents valuable evidence regarding the utilization of salt and sodium in the gastronomic sector, thereby assisting in the decision-making process for public health initiatives and the prevention of non-communicable chronic diseases. It highlights the significance of tackling sodium reduction in food services to encourage the adoption of healthy culinary practices and enhance the overall health of the population.

Knowledge,attitude,and practice of patients living with inflammatory bowel disease:A cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND Patients with inflammatory bowel diseases(IBDs)generally have poor knowledge,attitude,and practice of their disease,while the data from China are lacking.AIM To address this knowledge disparity among Chinese patients with IBD.METHODS This web-based,cross-sectional study was conducted on a cohort of IBD patients who visited the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University between December 2022 and February 2023.Their socio-demographic information and the knowledge,attitude,and practice scores were collected and estimated using a self-designed questionnaire.Pearson’s correlation analysis was used to determine the pairwise correlations among knowledge,attitude,and practice scores.A multivariate logistic regression analysis was further performed to determine the independent factors associated with their knowledge,attitude,and practice scores.RESULTS A total of 353 patients(224 males)with IBD completed the questionnaires.The mean knowledge,attitude,and practice scores were 10.05±3.46(possible range:0-14),41.58±5.23(possible range:0-56),44.20±7.39(possible range:0-56),respectively,indicating good knowledge,positive attitude,and proactive practice toward IBD.Pearson’s correlation analysis showed that the knowledge score had significant positive correlations with the attitude score(r=0.371,P<0.001)and practice score(r=0.100,P<0.001).The attitude score had a significant positive correlation with the practice score(r=0.452,P<0.001).Moreover,multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that aged 30-40 years[odds ratio(OR)=4.06,95%confidence interval(CI):1.04-15.82,P=0.043],middle school education(OR=3.98,95%CI:1.29-12.33,P=0.017),high school/technical secondary school education(OR=14.06,95%CI:3.92-50.38,P<0.001),and junior college/bachelor’s degree and above education(OR=15.20,95%CI:4.15-55.650,P<0.001)were independently associated with good knowledge.The higher knowledge score was independently associated with a positive attitude(OR=1.23,95%CI:1.11-1.36,P<0.001).The higher attitude score was independently associated with proactive practice(OR=1.20,95%CI:1.11-1.30,P<0.001).CONCLUSION Chinese patients with IBD might have good knowledge,a positive attitude,and proactive practice toward their disease.However,a small number of specific items require education.

Knowledge, attitude, and practice toward disease prevention among a high-risk population for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A cross-sectional study

Objective This study aimed to describe the current situation of knowledge,attitude,and practice(KAP)of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)prevention among a high-risk population for COPD.Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted.A total of 241 participants at risk of COPD were selected who visited the respiratory outpatient department of a Class A tertiary hospital in Chongqing,China from January to December 2021.A self-developed COPD prevention KAP assessment was used for evaluation which included knowledge(21 items),attitude(9 items),and practice(9 items)three dimension,39 items.Results The average overall KAP score was 68.29±12.91,with scores for the knowledge,attitude,and practice dimension was 68.75±18.07,71.13±15.09 and 65.00±20.93,respectively.Among the people at risk of COPD,76.8%experienced a moderate level of KAP toward COPD prevention,while 22.0%were at a poor level.Significant differences in the KAP scores were based on gender,educational level,occupation,type of medical insurance,smoking,and passive smoking status(P<0.05).The male COPD high-risk group has better KAP toward COPD prevention than the female group(P<0.05).The knowledge and attitude of COPD prevention present worse in people with a high risk of COPD aged 70 or above,primary school and below educational level,and farmers(P<0.05).Smoking and passive smoking groups have higher recognition of the knowledge but the lower practice of COPD prevention(P<0.05).Conclusion The participants with a high risk of COPD had a moderate level of KAP for COPD prevention,in which the understanding and action on vaccination and lung function test was weak,but an active attitude for health.It is necessary to implement tailored health education interventions to their characteristics to reduce the incidence and development of COPD.

Effects of the information–knowledge–attitude–practice nursing model combined with predictability intervention on patients with cerebrovascular disease

BACKGROUND Cerebrovascular disease(CVD)poses a serious threat to human health and safety.Thus,developing a reasonable exercise program plays an important role in the long-term recovery and prognosis for patients with CVD.Studies have shown that predictive nursing can improve the quality of care and that the information–knowledge–attitude–practice(IKAP)nursing model has a positive impact on patients who suffered a stroke.Few studies have combined these two nursing models to treat CVD.AIM To explore the effect of the IKAP nursing model combined with predictive nursing on the Fugl–Meyer motor function(FMA)score,Barthel index score,and disease knowledge mastery rate in patients with CVD.METHODS A total of 140 patients with CVD treated at our hospital between December 2019 and September 2021 were randomly divided into two groups,with 70 patients in each.The control group received routine nursing,while the observation group received the IKAP nursing model combined with predictive nursing.Both groups were observed for self-care ability,motor function,and disease knowledge mastery rate after one month of nursing.RESULTS There was no clear difference between the Barthel index and FMA scores of the two groups before nursing(P>0.05);however,their scores increased after nursing.This increase was more apparent in the observation group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The rates of disease knowledge mastery,timely medication,appropriate exercise,and reasonable diet were significantly higher in the observation group than in the control group(P<0.05).The satisfaction rate in the observation group(97.14%)was significantly higher than that in the control group(81.43%;P<0.05).CONCLUSION The IKAP nursing model,combined with predictive nursing,is more effective than routine nursing in the care of patients with CVD,and it can significantly improve the Barthel index and FMA scores with better knowledge acquisition,as well as produce high satisfaction in patients.Moreover,they can be widely used in the clinical setting.

基于知信行理论的护理干预结合自我表露训练对糖尿病肾病血液透析患者心理负担及知信行的影响

目的 探讨基于知信行理论的护理干预结合自我表露训练在糖尿病肾病血液透析患者中的应用效果。方法 选取2019年5月至2022年5月收治的120例糖尿病肾病血液透析患者为研究对象,随机将其分对照组和观察组,各60例。对照组予以常规护理,观察组予以基于知信行理论的护理干预结合自我表露训练。比较两组的干预效果。结果 干预后,观察组的汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)评分低于对照组(P<0.05)。干预后,观察组的疾病认知、健康信念及健康行为评分高于对照组(P<0.05)。干预后,观察组的空腹血糖(FBG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、血肌酐(Scr)及尿素氮(BUN)水平低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 基于知信行理论的护理干预结合自我表露训练可减轻糖尿病肾病血液透析患者的心理负担,提升知信行水平,提高血糖控制效果和透析效果。

Clinical and epidemiological features of patients with clonorchiasis

AIM:To study the clinical and epidemiological features of patients with clonorchiasis so as to provide scientific evidences for the diagnosis and prevention of clonorchiasis. METHODS:Stools from 282 subjects suspected of having clonorchiasis were examined for helminth eggs with modified Kato's thick smear and sedimentation methods,and their sera were tested for HAV-DNA,HBV-DNA,HCV-RNA,HDV- RNA and HEV-RNA with polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Clinical symptoms of patients with clonorchiasis only were analyzed,and their blood samples were tested for circulating antigen (CAg) with Dot-ELISA,esoinophilic granulocyte count, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT).Meanwhile,they were asked to provide data of occupation,eating habit,hygienic habit and knowledge of donorchiasis.In addition,the ecosystem of the environment in epidemic areas was surveyed. RESULTS:Among the 282 patients,61 (21.43%) were infected with clonorchis sinensis only,97 (34.64%) were co-infected with clonorchis sinensis and other pathogens, 92 (32.86%) were infected with hepatitis virus only and 31 (11.07%) neither with clonorchis sinensis nor hepatitis virus. Among the 61 patients with clonorchiasis only,there were 14 (22.95%) subjects with discomfort over hepatic region or epigasfrium,12 (19.67%) with general malaise or discomfort and inertia in total body,6 (9.84%) with anorexia,indigestion and nausea,4 (6.56%) with fever,dizziness and headache (6.56%),and 25 (40.98%) without any symptoms;sixty one (100%) with CAg (+),98.33% (59160) with eosinophilic granulocytes increased and 65.00% (39/60) with ALT increased.B-mode ultrasonography revealed 61 cases with dilated and thickened walls of intrahepatic bile duct,and blurred patchy echo acoustic image in liver.Twenty-six cases had stones in the bile duct,39 cases had slightly enlarged liver with diffuse coarse spots in liver parenchyma.Twenty cases had enlarged gallbladder with thickened coarse wall and image of floating plagues,9 cases had slightly enlarged spleen.By analysis of epidemiological data,we found that the ecologic environment was favorable for the epidemiology of clonorchiasis.Most patients with clonorchiasis were lack of knowledge about the disease.Their living environment, hygienic habits,eating habits and their occupations were the related factors that caused the prevalence of the disease. CONCLUSION:The clinical symptoms of clonorchiasis are non-specific,and the main evidences for diagnosis of clonorchiasis should be provided by etiologic examination, B-mode ultrasonography and clinical history.The infection of clonorchis sinensis is related to occupations,bad eating habits and lack of knowledge about prevention of the disease.

北京市临床医生新发传染病报告知信行调查

目的了解北京市临床医生对新发传染病报告的知信行情况,为将来更好地报告新发传染病提供参考依据。方法采用多阶段抽样方法,对呼吸科、感染科临床医生进行线上问卷调查,收集其人口学信息、传染病报告相关知识素养、新型冠状病毒感染(以下简称新冠感染)诊疗及报告行为等相关信息,组间比较采用χ^(2)检验。结果抽取152家医疗机构,实际完成调查148家。共收回问卷495份,其中491份有效,问卷有效率为99.2%。调查对象以30~<50岁(74.1%)、本硕学历(89.2%)、中高级职称(83.7%)、女性(67.8%)为主,对传染病报告工作感到不厌烦的占60.1%,认为传染病报告工作非常重要、传染病报告相关培训非常有必要的占比均≥80.0%。临床医生认为传染病报告卡中难以收集的项目包括现住址、人群分类、病人属于、工作单位、发病日期、联系方式;其中前3项被认为不必要收集项目;患者不配合、传染病报告卡内容理解问题、工作忙没时间、单位系统问题是传染病报告卡填写不顺利的主要原因。有新冠感染报告的医疗机构调查对象中高学历(χ^(2)=5.526,P<0.001)、高职称(χ^(2)=6.136,P=0.047)、填写过传染病报告卡(χ^(2)=8.384,P=0.004)及接到过新冠感染相关通知文件(χ^(2)=4.696,P=0.030)的占比均高于无新冠感染报告组,前者的传染病报告知识储备考试优秀占比高于后者(χ^(2)=14.166,P<0.001)。结论临床医生具备依法依规及时报告法定传染病的意识,传染病报告卡中的项目亟待梳理,临床医生填卡不顺利涉及患者、自身、系统三方面原因,需采取不同的改进措施。新发传染病的报告,受政策影响容易集中在高级别或定点医疗机构,非定点医疗机构的传染病报告工作需政策支持并提升诊疗能力。

基于知信行理论护理干预对NTM肺病患者呼吸康复排痰依从性的影响

目的探讨基于知信行理论的护理干预对非结核分枝杆菌(NTM)肺病合并支气管扩张患者呼吸康复排痰依从性及生活质量的影响。方法选取2022年3月至2023年6月广州市胸科医院非结核分枝杆菌病诊疗中心内一科收治的98例NTM肺病合并支气管扩张、伴有胸闷气促患者进行随机对照试验,采用随机数字表法将患者分为观察组(49例)与对照组(49例)。对照组男17例,女32例,年龄(61.08±13.23)岁,中位年龄62.0岁。观察组男19例,女30例,年龄(59.65±11.29)岁,中位年龄62.0岁。两组均指导进行呼吸康复排痰训练,对照组采用常规护理,观察组在对照组的基础上采用知信行理论护理干预。两组均干预1周。比较两组患者干预前、出院1周、出院1个月呼吸康复排痰知信行水平(自行设计的NTM合并支气管扩张患者呼吸康复排痰知信行现状调查问卷)、呼吸康复排痰依从性(呼吸康复排痰依从性量表)和生活质量[中文版莱斯特咳嗽问卷(LCQ-MC)]。采用独立样本t检验、配对t检验、χ^(2)检验。结果观察组出院1周、出院1个月呼吸康复排痰知信行水平均高于对照组(均P<0.05);观察组出院1周、出院1个月呼吸康复排痰依从性[(3.12±0.53)分、(2.76±0.52)分]均高于对照组[(2.90±0.51)分、(2.27±0.45)分](均P<0.05);观察组出院1周、出院1个月LCQ-MC生理维度[(5.00±0.97)分、(5.00±1.03)分]、心理维度[(5.35±1.01)分、(5.22±1.08)分]、社会维度评分[(5.31±1.02)分、(5.20±0.98)分]、LCQ-MC总分[(15.66±2.42)分、(15.42±2.31)分]均高于对照组[(4.52±1.18)分、(4.27±1.13)分;(4.70±1.11)分、(4.65±1.08)分;(4.58±1.15)分、(4.56±1.20)分;(13.80±2.68)分、(13.49±2.64)分](均P<0.05)。结论基于知信行理论的护理干预能有效提高NTM肺病合并支气管扩张患者的呼吸康复排痰依从性及舒适度,改善患者的生活质量。

基于知信行模式的3H护理在慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期患者中的应用

目的探究基于知信行模式的3H护理在慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(AECOPD)患者中的应用价值。方法选取医院2019至2022年收治的73例AECOPD患者作为研究对象,随机分为观察组(n=37)和对照组(n=36)。对照组采用常规护理方式,观察组采用基于知信行模式的3H护理,比较2组患者心理弹性、生活质量、自护能力、自我效能。结果干预后2组患者心理弹性、生活质量、自护能力、自我效能得分较干预前均有升高(P<0.05),且观察组更高(P<0.05);结论相比于应用常规护理,应用基于知信行模式的3H护理对于AECOPD患者而言,更能提升心理韧性、改善生活质量、提升自护能力、提高自我效能,适合在临床推广使用。

基于IKAP理论的延续性护理在脑血管介入术后患者中的应用效果

目的:观察基于信息-知识-信念-行为(IKAP)理论的延续性护理在脑血管介入术后患者中的应用效果。方法:选取2019年1月至2021年4月于该院行脑血管介入术的80例患者进行前瞻性研究,按照随机数字表法将其分为对照组和观察组各50例。对照组实施常规护理,观察组实施基于IKAP理论的延续性护理,比较两组疾病知晓率、护理前后日常活动能力[Barthel指数(BI)]评分、自我管理能力评分及睡眠质量[匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)]评分。结果:观察组疾病知识知晓率为92.00%(46/50),高于对照组的76.00%(38/50),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);护理1、2、3个月后,两组BI评分均高于护理前,且观察组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);护理后,两组自我管理能力评分均高于护理前,且观察组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);胡护理后,两组PSQI评分均低于护理前,且观察组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:基于IKAP理论的延续性护理应用于脑血管介入术后患者可提高疾病知识知晓率、日常生活能力评分和自我管理能力评分,以及降低睡眠质量评分的效果优于常规护理效果。

广州市社区居民对中医“治未病”的知信行及影响因素研究

背景随着疾病谱的转变和现代医学模式的发展,中医在疾病预防、保健、康复方面起着重要作用,需要进一步推动开展中医“治未病”服务,大力发扬中医药在人民健康维护和促进上独特作用,而目前社区居民中医“治未病”理念普及教育情况尚不明确。目的了解广州市社区居民对中医“治未病”的总体知晓情况、信任度及采用行为情况,探讨社区居民对中医“治未病”服务信任度的影响因素。方法2022年4—8月,采用分层整群抽样法,结合地理位置(广州中心城区、城乡结合部、郊区)、经济等因素选择广州市4个行政区域12个街道的652位社区居民进行访谈式问卷调查。调查内容包括居民基本信息、对中医“治未病”知晓情况、获取中医“治未病”知识的途径、对中医“治未病”的信任度、服务需求和利用情况。采用二元Logistic回归分析对广州市社区居民对中医“治未病”服务信任度的影响因素进行分析。结果652位社区居民中,67.79%(442/652)了解中医“治未病”,77.91%(508/652)信任中医“治未病”服务,69.63%(454/652)的社区居民曾接受过中医传统理疗,仅有6.59%(43/652)的社区居民过去一年接受中医“治未病”的服务次数超过4次。单因素相关分析显示,广州市社区居民中医“治未病”服务信任度的影响因素主要有年龄(χ^(2)=9.218)、户口性质(χ^(2)=19.356)、婚姻状况(χ^(2)=2.490)、职业(χ^(2)=17.889)、医疗保险付费方式(χ^(2)=13.516);二元Logistic回归分析显示,户口性质(非农业、农业转居民、非农业转居民)是社区居民对中医“治未病”服务信任度的影响因素(OR=2.646、5.593、10.502)。结论广州市社区居民对中医“治未病”的总体认知程度(67.79%)及信任度(77.91%)相对较高,但实际服务的接受次数不足,存在“知、信、行”分离现象。非农业转居民户口的社区居民信任度较高,农业户口的信任度较低。应在开展中医“治未病”理念普及和服务工作中,充分利用居民偏好的形式,并针对特定群体加大宣传力度,以促进社区居民培养中医“治未病”养生保健习惯。

武汉市在校大学生食源性寄生虫知信行调查研究

为了解在校大学生对食源性寄生虫病的认知、态度及行为,提高其自我卫生和防病意识,2022年7—12月选取武汉市各高校在校大学生,采用自行编制的一般情况调查表即《在校大学生食源性寄生虫知、行、信调查》进行调查,收集有效问卷1054份。结果表明被调查大学生对食源性寄生虫病及其危害有一定的知晓率,但在饮食健康行为和正确态度的形成率上有待提高,如切生熟食物的砧板完全分开、不吃半生不熟食物、不吃醉虾醉蟹、对可能感染食源性寄生虫病的食物减少食用量等。针对上述情况,高校应对所有专业学生开展食源性寄生虫病知识宣传教育,定期开展相关主题活动,改变大学生不良的卫生习惯,提高防病意识。

知信行宣教模式联合三位一体协同护理管理在帕金森非运动症状中的应用效果

目的 分析知信行宣教模式联合三位一体协同护理管理在帕金森非运动症状中的应用效果。方法 选择2021年9月至2022年9月我院收治的160例帕金森非运动症状患者为研究对象,以随机数字表法将其分为对照组(80例,常规护理管理)和观察组(80例,在对照组基础上加施知信行宣教模式联合三位一体协同护理管理)。比较两组的干预效果。结果 干预后,观察组的知识、信念、行为评分均高于对照组(P<0.05)。干预后,观察组的帕金森病非运动症状评价量表(NMSS)评分低于对照组,蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)评分高于对照组(P<0.05)。干预后,观察组的匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)、日常生活活动能力(ADL)评分低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 知信行宣教模式联合三位一体协同护理管理可提高帕金森非运动症状患者的健康知信行水平,改善非运动症状及认知功能,提升睡眠质量与日常生活能力,值得推广。

冠心病患者主要照护者AED知信行现状及影响因素分析

目的调查冠心病患者主要照护者对自动体外除颤仪(AED)知识、态度和行为(知信行)现状,并探讨其影响因素。方法采用多阶段整群随机抽样法,选取637名西安市冠心病患者主要照护者进行问卷调查。采用AED知信行量表评估调查对象的知信行情况,采用多元线性回归分析调查对象知信行状况的影响因素。结果西安市冠心病患者主要照护者AED知信行平均得分(33.93±9.29)分,3个维度中,知识维度得分(7.62±2.14),态度维度得分(14.09±5.24),行为维度得分(12.22±4.94)。回归分析结果显示,年龄、文化程度、居住地、家庭月收入、患者患病时长、社区宣教、对机器使用技术的恐惧、亲朋心肌梗死经历是影响冠心病患者主要照护者AED知信行的主要因素。结论冠心病患者主要照护者AED知信行水平有待提高,有关部门今后可通过理论加实践宣教切实提高冠心病患者主要照护者AED知信行水平。

干眼患者知信行问卷编制与信度、效度评价

目的编制并评价干眼患者知信行问卷,为测评干眼患者知识、态度、行为提供评估工具。方法2022年1月—5月,以知信行理论为基础,通过文献检索分析、小组讨论建立初始问卷条目池;邀请12名医疗护理专家对问卷进行两轮德尔菲法专家函询构建初始问卷;2022年6月—12月,便利抽样选取广东省某三级甲等专科医院的190例干眼患者为调查对象,进行问卷调查,检验问卷的信度与效度。结果参考纳入的9篇文献为依据,经过小组3次讨论初步构建干眼患者知信行问卷,包括3个维度,44个条目。第1轮函询后修改5个条目,删除了10个条目;第2轮函询后专家意见趋向统一,结束函询,形成知信行3个维度34个条目的预测试版问卷;两轮专家函询的肯德尔和谐系数W分别为0.346、0.413(均P<0.001),专家权威系数为0.90。176例干眼患者完成调查。在高低分组区分度分析中删除未达标准的1个条目;结构效度采用探索性因子分析,通过主成分分析法,提取5个特征值>1的公因子,方差贡献率累计65.677%,其中知识维度条目8为双重载荷,予以删除;内容效度分析中条目水平内容效度指数为0.92~1.00,量表水平内容效度指数为0.94~1.00;问卷的Cronbachα系数0.894,重测信度为0.987。最终形成包括知识亚维度1(干眼疾病知识),知识亚维度2(干眼疾病危险因素),态度亚维度1(干眼疾病防治态度),态度亚维度2(干眼疾病自我管理态度),行为维度(干眼疾病防治行为),共32个条目。结论本研究构建的问卷信度、效度检验良好,可作为干眼患者知识、态度、行为的评估工具。