Can Fig and Olive Ameliorate the toxicity Induced by 2-nitropropane in some organs of mice? role of inflammatory versus anti-inflammatory genes

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the efficacy of Fig fruit powder and olive on hepatic,renal and splenic injury induced by 2-nitropropane(2-NP)in mice,especially if they were used in combination.METHODS:A total of 40 adult BALB/c male mice weighting 25-30 g/each.Mice were categorized into five groups(8 each).Group 1 as negative control.Group 2 as positive control group intraperitoneally injected with 2-NP(100 mg/kg b.w.)3 times/weekly for eight weeks.Group 3 injected with 2-NP and were orally supplemented with Fig(300 mg/kg).Group 4 injected with 2-NP and were orally supplemented with olive(100 mg/kg).Group 5 injected with 2-NP and were orally supplemented with mixture of Fig and olive(3∶1 respectively).RESULTS:Histopathological observation of liver in mice treated with 2-NP showed cellular degeneration,pyknosis,and congestion of the portal vein.In kidney there were disorganization of the cortical tissues,cellular necrosis and plenty of inflammatory lymphocytic aggregation.Significant elevations in liver function parameters(alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase),m RNA expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-α,nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase and cyclooxygenase were detected as anti-inflammatory markers and 5-lipoxygenase,interleukin-1βand interleukin-6 as inflammatory biomarkers for liver and spleen,also significant elevations was detected in lipid peroxidation levels.The levels of antioxidants,glutathione,glutathione peroxidase,catalase and superoxide dismutase were significantly decreased.CONCLUSION:our findings indicated that Fig fruit powder and olive protected against hepatic,renal and splenic injury induced with 2-NP in mice,especially if they were used in combination.

Development and validation of novel inflammatory response-related gene signature for sepsis prognosis

Due to the low specificity and sensitivity of biomarkers in sepsis diagnostics,the prognosis of sepsis patient outcomes still relies on the assessment of clinical symptoms.Inflammatory response is crucial to sepsis onset and progression;however,the significance of inflammatory response-related genes(IRRGs)in sepsis prognosis is uncertain.This study developed an IRRG-based signature for sepsis prognosis and immunological function.The Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO)database was retrieved for two sepsis microarray datasets,GSE64457 and GSE69528,followed by gene set enrichment analysis(GSEA)comparing sepsis and healthy samples.A predictive signature for IRRGs was created using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO).To confirm the efficacy and reliability of the new prognostic signature,Cox regression,Kaplan-Meier(K-M)survival,and receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analyses were performed.Subsequently,we employed the GSE95233 dataset to independently validate the prognostic signature.A single-sample GSEA(ssGSEA)was conducted to quantify the immune cell enrichment score and immune-related pathway activity.We found that more gene sets were enriched in the inflammatory response in sepsis patient samples than in healthy patient samples,as determined by GSEA.The signature of nine IRRGs permitted the patients to be classified into two risk categories.Patients in the low-risk group showed significantly better 28-d survival than those in the high-risk group.ROC curve analysis corroborated the predictive capacity of the signature,with the area under the curve(AUC)for 28-d survival reaching 0.866.Meanwhile,the ss GSEA showed that the two risk groups had different immune states.The validation set and external dataset showed that the signature was clinically predictive.In conclusion,a signature consisting of nine IRRGs can be utilized to predict prognosis and influence the immunological status of sepsis patients.Thus,intervention based on these IRRGs may become a therapeutic option in the future.