Intrathecal liproxstatin-1 delivery inhibits ferroptosis and attenuates mechanical and thermal hypersensitivities in rats with complete Freund's adjuvant-induced inflammatory pain

Previous studies have confirmed the relationship between iron-dependent ferroptosis and a peripheral nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain model.However,the role of fe rroptosis in inflammatory pain remains inconclusive.Therefore,we aimed to explore whether ferroptosis in the spinal cord and do rsal root ganglion contributes to complete Freund's adjuvant(CFA)-induced painful behaviors in rats.Our results revealed that various biochemical and morphological changes were associated with ferroptosis in the spinal cord and dorsal root ganglion tissues of CFA rats.These changes included iron overload,enhanced lipid peroxidation,disorders of anti-acyl-coenzyme A synthetase long-chain family member 4 and glutathione peroxidase 4 levels,and abnormal morphological changes in mitochondria.Intrathecal treatment of liproxstatin-1(a ferroptosis inhibitor)reve rsed these ferroptosis-related changes and alleviated mechanical and thermal hype rsensitivities in CFA rats.Our study demonstrated the occurrence of fe rroptosis in the spinal cord and do rsal root ganglion tissues in a rodent model of inflammatory pain and indicated that intrathecal administration of fe rroptosis inhibitors,such as liproxstatin-1,is a potential therapeutic strategy for treating inflammatory pain.

Analgesic effects of balanced acupuncture versus body acupuncture in low-back and leg pain patients with lumbar disc herniation, as assessed by resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging

Balanced acupuncture, a single-acupoint balance therapy, regulates the balance of the cerebral center, and is characterized by exerting quick effects and a short treatment course. A total of 20 low-back and leg pain patients with lumbar disc herniation were treated with balanced acupuncture or body acupuncture. Central mechanisms of vaded acupunctures were compared using resting-state functional MRI. Patients from both groups received functional MRI before and after acupuncture. Functional connectivity in brain regions that were strongly associated with the bilatera amygdala was analyzed utilizing AFNI software. Visual analogue scale scores were greater in the balanced acupuncture group compared with the body acupuncture group. Function of the endogenous pain regulation network was enhanced in patients in the balanced acupuncture group, but was not changed in the body acupuncture group. This result indicates that the analgesic effects of body acupuncture do not work through the central nervous system. These data suggest that balanced acupuncture exerts analgesic effects on low-back and leg pain patients with lumbar disc herniation by regulating the function of the endogenous pain regulation network.

Moxibustion eases chronic inflammatory visceral pain through regulating MEK, ERK and CREB in rats

AIM To investigate the effects of herb-partitioned moxibustion(HPM) on phosphorylation of mitogen-activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase(MEK)1, extracellular signal-regulated kinase(ERK)1/2 and c AMP response element binding protein(CREB) in spinal cord of rats with chronic inflammatory visceral pain(CIVP), and to explore the central mechanism of HPM in treating CIVP.METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into normal, model, HPM, sham-HPM, MEK-inhibitor and dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO) groups. The CIVP model was established using an enema mixture of trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid and ethanol. HPM was applied at bilateral Tianshu(ST25) and Qihai(CV6) acupoints in the HPM group, while in the sham-HPM group, moxa cones and herb cakes were only placed on the same points but not ignited. The MEK-inhibitor and DMSO groups received L5-L6 intrathecal injection of U0126 and 30% DMSO, respectively. Abdominal withdrawal reflex(AWR), mechanical withdrawal threshold(MWT) and thermal withdrawal latency(TWL) were applied for the assessment of pain behavior. The colonic tissue was observed under an optical microscope after hematoxylin-eosin staining. Expression of phosphor(p)MEK1, p ERK1/2 and p CREB in rat spinal cord was detected using Western blotting. The levels of MEK, ERK and CREB m RNA in rat spinal cord were detected using real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Compared with the normal group, the AWR scores were increased significantly(P < 0.01) and the MWT and TWL scores were decreased significantly(P < 0.05) in the model, sham-HPM and DMSO groups. Compared with the model group, the AWR scores were decreased significantly(P < 0.01) and the MWT and TWL scores were increased significantly in the HPM and MEK-inhibitor groups(P < 0.05). Compared with the sham-HPM and DMSO groups, the AWR scores were decreased significantly(P < 0.01) and the MWT and TWL scores were increased significantly(P < 0.05) in the HPM and MEK-inhibitor groups. Compared with the normal group, the expression of p MEK1, p ERK1/2 and p CREB proteins and the levels of MEK, ERK and CREB m RNA in rat spinal cord were increased significantly in the model, sham-HPM and DMSO groups(P < 0.01 or < 0.05). Compared with the model group, the expression of p MEK1, p ERK1/2 and p CREB proteins and the levels of MEK, ERK and CREB m RNA in rat spinal cord were reduced significantly in the HPM and MEK-inhibitor groups(P < 0.01 or < 0.05). Compared with the sham-HPM and DMSO groups, expression of p MEK1, p ERK1/2 and p CREB proteins and the levels of MEK, ERK and CREB m RNA in rat spinal cord were reduced significantly in the HPM and MEK-inhibitor groups(P < 0.01 or < 0.05). CONCLUSION HPM down-regulates protein phosphorylation of MEK1, ERK1/2 and CREB, and m RNA expression of MEK, ERK and CREB, inhibiting activation of the MEK/ERK/CREB signaling pathway in the spinal cord of CIVP rats, which is possibly a critical central mechanism of the analgesic effect of HPM.

Impact of pain on health-related quality of life in patients with inflammatory bowel disease

AIM: To evaluate intensity, localization and cofactors of pain in Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis patients in connection with health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and disease activity. METHODS: We reviewed and analyzed the responses of 334 patients to a specifically designed questionnairebased on the short inflammatory bowel disease questionnaire (SIBDQ) and the German pain questionnaire. Pain intensity, HRQOL, Crohn’s disease activity index (CDAI) and colitis activity index (CAI) were correlated and verified on a visual analog scale (VAS). RESULTS: 87.9% of patients reported pain. Females and males reported comparable pain intensities and HRQOL. Surgery reduced pain in both genders (P = 0.023), whereas HRQOL only improved in females. Interestingly, patients on analgesics reported more pain (P = 0.003) and lower HRQOL (P = 0.039) than patients not on analgesics. A significant correlation was found in UC patients between pain intensity and HRQOL (P = 0.023) and CAI (P = 0.027), and in CD patients between HRQOL and CDAI (P = 0.0001), but not between pain intensity and CDAI (P = 0.35). No correlation was found between patients with low CDAI scores and pain intensity. CONCLUSION: Most IBD patients suffer from pain and have decreased HRQOL. Our study reinforces the need for effective individualized pain therapy in IBD patients.

Social learning contributions to the etiology and treatment of functional abdominal pain and inflammatory bowel disease in children and adults

This paper reviews empirical work on cognitive and social learning contributions to the etiology and treatment of illness behavior associated with functional abdominal pain and inflammatory bowel disease. A particular emphasis is placed on randomized controlled trials, the majority of which are multi-modal in orientation, incorporating elements of cognitive behavioral therapy, social learning, and relaxation. Based on this review, we offer methodological and clinical suggestions: (1) Research investigations should include adequate sample sizes, long-term follow-up assessments, and a credible, active control group. (2) Standard gastrointestinal practice should include, when appropriate, learning opportunities for patients and family members, for example, instruction regarding the encouragement of wellness behavior.

Targeting the nitric oxide/cGMP signaling pathway to treat chronic pain

Nitric oxide(NO)/cyclic guanosine 3′,5′-monophosphate(cGMP) signaling has been shown to act as a mediator involved in pain transmission and processing. In this review, we summarize and discuss the mechanisms of the NO/cGMP signaling pathway involved in chronic pain, including neuropathic pain, bone cancer pain, inflammatory pain, and morphine tolerance. The main process in the NO/cGMP signaling pathway in cells involves NO activating soluble guanylate cyclase, which leads to subsequent production of cGMP. cGMP then activates cGMP-dependent protein kinase(PKG), resulting in the activation of multiple targets such as the opening of ATP-sensitive K+ channels. The activation of NO/cGMP signaling in the spinal cord evidently induces upregulation of downstream molecules, as well as reactive astrogliosis and microglial polarization which participate in the process of chronic pain. In dorsal root ganglion neurons, natriuretic peptide binds to particulate guanylyl cyclase, generating and further activating the cGMP/PKG pathway, and it also contributes to the development of chronic pain. Upregulation of multiple receptors is involved in activation of the NO/cGMP signaling pathway in various pain models. Notably the NO/cGMP signaling pathway induces expression of downstream effectors, exerting both algesic and analgesic effects in neuropathic pain and inflammatory pain. These findings suggest that activation of NO/cGMP signaling plays a constituent role in the development of chronic pain, and this signaling pathway with dual effects is an interesting and promising target for chronic pain therapy.

Comparison of pain media and inflammatory factors after percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy and traditional fenestration operation treatment of protrusion of lumbar intervertebral disc

Objective:To compare the differences in pain mediators and inflammatory factors after percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy and traditional fenestration operation treatment of protrusion of lumbar intervertebral disc. Methods:80 patients with protrusion of lumbar intervertebral disc treated in our hospital between March 2013 and December 2015 were collected and divided into observation group and control group (n=40) according to randomized parallel contrast. Control group received traditional fenestration operation and observation group received percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy. Before operation and 1 week after operation, fluorescence spectrophotometry was used to determine serum pain medium levels;ELISA was used to determine pro-inflammatory factor and anti-inflammatory factor levels. Results:Before operation, differences in serum pain medium and inflammatory factor levels were not statistically significant between two groups (P>0.05). 1 week after operation, serum pain media norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and substance P (SP) levels as well as pro-inflammatory factors interleukin-1β(IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-18 (IL-18) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) levels of observation group were lower than those of control group (P<0.05) while serum anti-inflammatory factors interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin 10 (IL-10), soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor I (sTNF-RI) levels were higher than those of control group (P<0.05). Conclusions:Percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy can effectively treat protrusion of lumbar intervertebral disc and is more advantageous in alleviating patients’ perception of pain and reducing inflammation.

Effects of ketamine combined with lidocaine for preemptive analgesia on postoperative pain, inflammatory response and stress response in patients with cervical cancer

Objective:To investigate the effects of ketamine combined with lidocaine for preemptive analgesia on postoperative pain, inflammatory response and stress response in patients with cervical cancer.Methods: A total of 68 patients with cervical cancer who received radical operation in the hospital between July 2016 and May 2017 were divided into routine analgesia group (n=37) and ketamine group (n=31) according to the postoperative analgesic solution. Routine analgesia group received lidocaine for preemptive analgesia and ketamine group received ketamine combined with lidocaine for preemptive analgesia. The differences in serum levels of pain mediators, inflammatory factors and stress hormones were compared between the two groups before surgery (T0), immediately after postoperative recovery (T1) and 24h after surgery (T2).Results: At T0, there was no statistically significant difference in serum levels of pain mediators, inflammatory factors and stress hormones between the two groups. At T1 and T2, serum pain mediators SP and NPY levels of ketamine group were lower than those of routine analgesia group;inflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 levels were lower than those of routine analgesia group;stress hormones AngⅠ, AngⅡ and NE levels were lower than those of routine analgesia group.Conclusion: Ketamine combined with lidocaine for preemptive analgesia can effectively suppress the early postoperative pain mediator secretion and relieve the systemic inflammatory response and stress response in patients with cervical cancer.

Effect of sufentanil analgesia for hip replacement on pain mediator, stress hormone and inflammatory cytokine secretion

Objective:To study the effect of sufentanil analgesia for hip replacement on pain mediator, stress hormone and inflammatory cytokine secretion.Methods: Patients who underwent hip replacement in People's Hospital of Dongxihu District Wuhan between August 2015 and October 2017 were selected as the research subjects and randomly divided into the sufentanil group who accepted postoperative sufentanil analgesia and the fentanyl group who accepted postoperative fentanyl analgesia. The expression levels of pain mediators and inflammatory cytokines in peripheral blood as well as the levels of pain mediators, stress hormones and inflammatory cytokines in serum were measured 1 day and 3 days after surgery.Results:Serum PGE2, SP,β-EP, GH, COR, ACTH, INS, AT-II, TNF-α and ICAM-1 levels as well as peripheral blood MKP1, p38MAPK, Caspase-1, IL-1β and IL-18 expression intensity of sufentanil group 1 day and 3 days after surgery were significantly lower than those of fentanyl group.Conclusion: Sufentanil analgesia for hip replacement can be more effective than fentanyl to reduce the secretion of pain mediators, stress hormones and inflammatory cytokines.

Effect of flurbiprofen axetil intervention before induction on incision pain and inflammatory stress response after orthopedic surgery

Objective:To study the effect of flurbiprofen axetil intervention before induction on incision pain and inflammatory stress response after orthopedic surgery.Methods: A total of 86 cases of elderly patients who underwent operative treatment of femoral neck fracture in Guangyuan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine between March 2014 and December 2017 were selected as the research subjects. All patients were randomly divided into the experimental group who accepted flurbiprofen axetil intervention before induction + routine anesthesia induction and maintenance, and the control group who accepted routine anesthesia induction and maintenance, and each group included 43 cases. The pain levels of the two groups were assessed 24 h after surgery;the levels of pain mediators and inflammatory stress molecules in serum as well as the expression intensity of inflammatory stress molecules in peripheral blood were determined before surgery and 24 h after surgery.Results:24 h after surgery, serum SP, NPY, PGE2, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-18, ACTH, COR and NE levels as well as peripheral blood NF-κB, NLRP3, Caspase-1, GLUT4 and FOXP3 expression intensity of both groups were significantly higher than those before surgery, and NRS pain score, serum SP, NPY, PGE2, TNF- , IL-1β, IL-18, ACTH, COR and NE levels as well as peripheral blood NF-κB, NLRP3, Caspase-1, GLUT4 and FOXP3 expression intensity of experimental group 24 h after surgery were significantly lower than those of control group.Conclusions:Flurbiprofen axetil intervention before induction can improve and inhibit the incision pain and inflammatory stress response after orthopedic surgery.

Effect of parecoxib sodium intervention before induction on incision pain and inflammatory stress response after orthopedic surgery

Objective:To study the effect of parecoxib sodium intervention before induction on incision pain and inflammatory stress response after orthopedic surgery.Methods: Patients who underwent orthopedic surgery under lumbar anesthesia combined with epidural block anesthesia in Mianyang Central Hospital between March 2015 and June 2017 were selected and divided into two groups by random number table method, Par group received parecoxib sodium intervention before induction combined with routine postoperative patient-controlled intravenous analgesia, and control group only accepted routine postoperative patient-controlled intravenous analgesia. The pain neurotransmitters, inflammatory molecules and stress molecules in serum and peripheral blood were measured before surgery as well as 1 day and 3 days after surgery.Results: Compared with pain neurotransmitters of same group before surgery, serum PGE2, 5-HT, SP, NPY levels of both groups were significantly lower whereas serum COR and GH levels and peripheral blood JAK2, STAT3, IL-1, IL-6, IFIT1, Nrf2 and HO-1 mRNA expression were significantly higher 1 day and 3 days after surgery, and serum PGE2, 5-HT, SP, NPY, COR and GH levels as well as peripheral blood JAK2, STAT3, IL-1, IL-6, IFIT1, Nrf2 and HO-1 mRNA expression of Par group 1 day and 3 days after surgery were lower than those of control group.Conclusions: Parecoxib sodium intervention before induction can reduce the incision pain and inflammatory stress response after orthopedic surgery.

Effect of fascia iliaca compartment block combined with general anesthesia on the pain and inflammatory stress mediator secretion after hip replacement

Objective:To investigate the effect of fascia iliaca compartment block combined with general anesthesia on the pain and inflammatory stress mediator secretion after hip replacement. Methods: A total of 170 patients with femoral neck fracture who underwent hip replacement in this hospital between September 2015 and August 2017 were divided into the control group (n=103) who underwent routine general anesthesia and the study group (n=67) who underwent fascia iliaca compartment block combined with general anesthesia after the anesthetic solutions were reviewed. The differences in serum contents of pain mediators, inflammatory factors and stress hormones were compared between the two groups of patients immediately after surgery as well as 12 h and 24 h after surgery.Results: Immediately after surgery, there was no statistically significant difference in serum contents of pain mediators, inflammatory factors and stress hormones between the two groups. 12 h and 24 h after surgery, serum pain mediators NPY, PGE2, 5-HT,β-EP and SP contents of study group were lower than those of control group;serum inflammatory factors CRP, TNF-α and IL-1β contents were lower than those of control group;serum stress hormones Cor, CA and ACTH contents were lower than those of control group.Conclusion: fascia iliaca compartment block combined with general anesthesia can effectively reduce the postoperative pain as well as the systemic inflammatory response and stress response induced by pain in patients with hip replacement.

Effect of dexmedetomidine before induction on the inflammatory and stress response in TURP and the secretion of pain mediators after it

Objective: To study the effect of dexmedetomidine before induction on the inflammatory and stress response in transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) and the secretion of pain mediators after it. Methods: Patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia who underwent TURP in Mianyang Central Hospital between June 2014 and March 2017 were selected as the research subjects and randomly divided into the Dex group who accepted dexmedetomidine combined with intraspinal anesthesia and the control group who accepted intraspinal anesthesia. The contents of inflammatory response indexes, stress response indexes and pain mediators in serum of the two groups were measured before surgery as well as 1 d and 3 d after surgery. Results: Serum NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-8, HMGB1, VCAM1, Cor, ACTH, AT-II, ALD and CRP levels of both groups of patients during surgery were higher than those before surgery, and serum CGRP, BK, SP and PGE2 levels 1 d and 3 d after surgery were higher than those before surgery;serum NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-8, HMGB1, VCAM1, Cor, ACTH, AT-II, ALD and CRP levels of Dex group of patients during surgery were lower than those of control group, and serum CGRP, BK, SP and PGE2 levels 1 day and 3 days after surgery were lower than those of control group. Conclusion: The application of dexmedetomidine before induction has inhibitory effect on the activation of inflammatory and stress response in TURP and the secretion of pain mediators after TURP.

Comparison of the pain and inflammatory stress after percutaneous transforaminal endoscope discectomy and open fenestration discectomy

Objective:To study the differences in pain and inflammatory stress after percutaneous transforaminal endoscope discectomy and open fenestration discectomy.Methods: Patients with lumbar intervertebral disc herniation who underwent surgical treatment in our hospital between January 2013 and January 2017 were selected and randomly divided into two groups: Percutaneous transforaminal endoscope discectomy (PTED) group and control group. Patients in PTED group received percutaneous transforaminal endoscope discectomy, while control group received open fenestration discectomy. Serum levels of pain substances SP, NPY, PGE2 and NGF, inflammatory mediators IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-17 and MMP3 as well as stress response substances Cor, NE, OH-, O2- and MDA of two groups of patients were determined the same day after surgery and 3 days after surgery.Results: The same day after surgery and 3 d after surgery, serum SP, NPY, PGE2, NGF, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-17, MMP3, Cor, NE, OH-, O2- and MDA levels of PTED group were significantly lower than those of control group. Conclusion: Percutaneous transforaminal endoscope discectomy for lumbar intervertebral disc herniation causes less postoperative pain and inflammatory stress than open fenestration discectomy.

Evaluation of the local inflammatory stress response and pain mediator secretion after impacted wisdom tooth extraction with high-speed turbine drill combined with original luxator

Objective: To study the local inflammatory stress response and pain mediator secretion after impacted wisdom tooth extraction with high-speed turbine drill combined with original luxator. Methods: Patients who received impacted wisdom tooth extraction in the First People's Hospital ofYunnan Province between March 2014 and June 2017 were selected as the research objects and randomly divided into the observation group who accepted impacted wisdom tooth extraction with high-speed turbine drill combined with original luxator and the control group who accepted impacted wisdom tooth extraction with traditional chisel. The contents of inflammatory mediators, stress mediators and pain mediators in gingival crevicular fluid were measured before surgery and 3 days after surgery. Results: Three days after surgery, PTX3, ICAM1, MPO, PGE2, PPARγ, ROS, MDA, 5-HT, CGRP, SP, Gal and ATP contents in gingival crevicular fluid of both groups were higher than those before surgery whereas GPx and T-AOC contents were significantly lower than those before surgery, and PTX3, ICAM1, MPO, PGE2, PPARγ, ROS, MDA, 5-HT, CGRP, SP, Gal and ATP contents in gingival crevicular fluid of observation group were lower than those of control group whereas GPx and T-AOC contents were significantly higher than those of control group. Conclusions: The impacted wisdom tooth extraction with high-speed turbine drill combined with original luxator can reduce the local inflammatory stress response and inhibit the secretion of pain mediators.

Effect of dezocine combined with sufentanil patient-controlled intravenous analgesia on general pain and inflammatory mediators after laparoscopic hepatectomy

Objective:To study the effect of dezocine combined with sufentanil patient-controlled intravenous analgesia on general pain and inflammatory mediators after laparoscopic hepatectomy.Methods: A total of 68 patients with primary liver cancer who received laparoscopic surgical treatment in our hospital between July 2014 and December 2016 were collected, the therapies were reviewed, and then patients were divided into the control group (n=35) who received sufentanil PCIA and the observation group (n=33) who received dezocine combined with sufentanil PCIA. Differences in serum levels of pain mediators, acute phase proteins and interleukins were compared between the two groups of patients before and after operation.Results: Before operation, the differences in serum levels of pain mediators, acute phase proteins and interleukins were not statistically significant between the two groups of patients. 6h after operation, serum pain mediators SP, NPY, DA and NE levels in observation group were lower than those in control group;acute phase proteins CRP, HP, CER and AAG levels were lower than those in control group;interleukins IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 levels were lower than those in control group.Conclusion: Dezocine combined with sufentanil PCIA after laparoscopic hepatectomy is effective in reducing the early postoperative pain mediator levels and relieving systemic inflammatory response.

长蛇灸联合熏洗包熏蒸治疗气滞血瘀型腰椎间盘突出症对患者疼痛介质及炎症因子的影响

目的:探讨长蛇灸联合熏洗包熏蒸在腰椎间盘突出症(气滞血瘀型)患者治疗中的应用价值,观察其对炎症因子、疼痛介质水平的影响。方法:将2019年6月—2020年12月因腰椎间盘突出症于南昌市洪都中医院就诊且中医证型属于气滞血瘀型的90例患者纳入研究,用随机数字表法将患者分为对照组、观察A组、观察B组,各30例。对照组予硬膜外封闭治疗,观察A组予硬膜外封闭治疗+熏洗包熏蒸治疗治疗,观察B组予硬膜外封闭治疗+熏洗包熏蒸+长蛇灸治疗。治疗2周后比较临床效果。结果:治疗后,三组血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)、超敏C反应蛋白(hypersensitive C reactive protein,hs-CRP)、白介素-1β(interleukin-1,IL-1β)、血清前列腺素E2(prostaglandin E2,PGE2)、5-羟色胺(5-hydroxytryptamine,5-HT)水平均较治疗前降低,观察B组均低于观察A组、对照组,观察A组上述指标水平均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后三组视觉模拟评分法(visual analogue scale,VAS)评分均降低,日本骨科协会(Japanese orthopaedic association,JOA)评分及血清β-内啡肽(β-endorphin,β-EP)均较治疗前升高,观察B组VAS评分数值水平低于观察A组、对照组,JOA评分及β-EP数值水平则均高于观察A组及对照组,观察A组VAS评分水平低于对照组,JOA评分及β-EP数值则均更高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:对于腰椎间盘突出症(气滞血瘀型)患者而言采用长蛇灸联合熏洗包熏蒸可减轻炎症反应,降低疼痛介质,改善临床症状及腰椎功能,安全性高,有助于临床效果提高。

补阳还五汤对糖尿病周围神经病变大鼠的止痛作用及机制研究

【目的】探讨补阳还五汤对糖尿病周围神经病变(DPN)大鼠的止痛作用及机制。【方法】将60只大鼠分为正常组,模型组(MNCV)和感觉神经传导速度(SNCV),中药低、中、高剂量组,中药高剂量+H-89[蛋白激酶A(PKA)抑制剂]组,每组10只。除正常组,其他各组大鼠采用高脂高糖饲料饲喂结合腹腔注射链脲佐菌素(STZ)法构建DPN模型。给药结束后,检测大鼠足热痛阈值,测定大鼠运动神经传导速度(MNCV)和感觉神经传导速度(SNCV),免疫组织化学法观察表皮内神经纤维密度(IENF),酶联免疫吸附分析(ELISA)检测血清空腹胰岛素(FINS)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR),白细胞介素(IL)-1β、IL-6、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α),血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、血管生成素1(Ang-1)、CD34水平,坐骨神经组织中环磷酸腺苷(cAMP)浓度,Western Blot法检测坐骨神经组织中PKA和反应元件结合蛋白(CREB)表达水平。【结果】与正常组比较,模型组足热痛阈值,TC、TG、LDL-C、HOMA-IR,IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α水平均显著增加(P<0.05),HDL-C、FINS,VEGF、Ang-1、CD34,IENF,MNCV和SNCV值,cAMP浓度水平,PKA和CREB磷酸化水平均显著降低(P<0.05);与模型组比较,中药低、中、高剂量组上述指标均得到显著改善(P<0.05),且呈剂量依赖性;与中药高剂量+H-89组比较,中药高剂量组各指标水平均被逆转。【结论】补阳还五汤可改善DPN大鼠胰岛素抵抗、血脂代谢,减轻肢体疼痛,改善局部微循环障碍,保护神经功能,体现了“活血通络止痛”的治疗特点;补阳还五汤的止痛作用可能与改善局部微循环障碍、抑制炎症因子释放及调节cAMP/PKA/CREB信号通路蛋白表达有关。

注射针刀对椎间盘源性下腰痛患者疼痛程度及炎症反应的影响

目的:观察注射针刀治疗对椎间盘源性下腰痛患者的治疗效果。方法:将90例确诊为椎间盘源性下腰痛的病例随机分为注射针刀组、注射组与针刀组各30例,注射针刀组运用注射针刀治疗,注射组给予痛点局部注射治疗,针刀组给予常规小针刀治疗。于3组治疗1个月后评价患者临床疗效,通过观察疼痛直观模拟评分(VAS)、日本骨科学会腰椎疗效评分(JOA)与功能障碍指数(ODI)的变化对3组治疗后局部疼痛和整体症状的改善状况进行评价,抑郁自评量表(SDS)观察3组抑郁状态,并检测3组治疗前后血清中六酮前列腺素F1α(PGF1α)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)与白细胞介素-6(IL-6)水平的变化。结果:3组患者治疗前各指标比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗结束后,注射针刀组临床疗效优于注射组和针刀组(P<0.05);与注射组、针刀组比较,注射针刀组VAS、ODI与SDS评分明显下降,JOA评分明显提升,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),血清中PGF1α、TNF-α、IL-1β及IL-6炎症因子水平较注射组和针刀组均有明显下调,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);注射组VAS、ODI和SDS评分及血清PGF1α、TNF-α、IL-1β及IL-6水平显著低于针刀组,JOA评分较针刀组明显提升,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:注射针刀对椎间盘源性下腰痛具有良好的治疗效果,疗效优于局部注射和单纯小针刀治疗,其作用机制可能与降低炎性细胞因子水平、抑制炎症反应相关。

苏筋通络方结合“行气活血”针刺法治疗急性踝关节扭伤临床观察

目的观察苏筋通络方结合“行气活血”针刺法治疗急性踝关节扭伤临床效果。方法将医院创伤骨科门急诊就诊的102例急性踝关节扭伤患者(2020年5月—2022年7月)纳入研究,以随机数字表法将患者分为两组,每组51例,对照组采取西医常规治疗,观察组采取西医常规治疗同时结合苏筋通络方及“行气活血”针刺法治疗。数据比较:临床治疗效果、中医症状(踝关节疼痛肿胀、皮下瘀斑、关节活动受限等)积分变化、踝关节跖屈活动度与背伸活动度变化、视觉模拟评分(Visual Analogue Scale,VAS)变化、美国足踝外科协会(American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society,AOFAS)踝-后足评分变化、血清疼痛物质(神经生长因子、神经肽、P物质)水平变化、白细胞介素-6(Interleukin-6,IL-6)、白细胞介素-1β(Interleukin-1β,IL-1β)、超敏C反应蛋白(Hypersensitive C-reactive protein,hs-CRP)变化。结果观察组患者与对照组患者治疗总有效率相比[98.04%(50/51)vs86.27%(44/51)],P<0.05;治疗后各组患者中医症状(踝关节疼痛肿胀、皮下瘀斑、关节活动受限等)积分、踝关节跖屈活动度与背伸活动度、VAS评分、AOFAS踝-后足评分、神经生长因子、神经肽、P物质、IL-6、IL-1β、hs-CRP等指标均改善,观察组患者治疗后中医症状(踝关节疼痛肿胀、皮下瘀斑、关节活动受限等)积分、踝关节跖屈活动度与背伸活动度、VAS评分、AOFAS踝-后足评分、神经生长因子、神经肽、P物质、IL-6、IL-1β、hs-CRP等指标均明显优于对照组患者,P均<0.05。结论苏筋通络方结合“行气活血”针刺法治疗急性踝关节扭伤临床效果显著,患者经治疗后临床症状显著改善,疼痛缓解,踝关节功能改善,值得应用。