El Eulma has become an important node of transnational informal trade. It maintains strong relationships with international market places since the period where the ＂Trabendo＂ have seen a wide development in Algeria...El Eulma has become an important node of transnational informal trade. It maintains strong relationships with international market places since the period where the ＂Trabendo＂ have seen a wide development in Algeria. On the national and regional level, the city of El Eulma is the main element of the network of informal merchant areas known by ＂Douba＇l＂ markets. The most important areas are located in the central and eastern of Algeria. This dual membership was conferred to it because of the strong presence of import companies and the existence of discrete and dynamic networks well-organized, formed of false importers, This article focuses on commercial trajectories, the forms of networks and their developments and tries to know the logic. From these trajectories, how the merchant places could be formed in Algeria, as was the case for El Eulma.展开更多
Power line carrier(PLC)technology plays an increasingly important role in the realization of cost-effective communication in a smart distribution grid.No current channel modeling method is universally applicable to mo...Power line carrier(PLC)technology plays an increasingly important role in the realization of cost-effective communication in a smart distribution grid.No current channel modeling method is universally applicable to more complex topologies that may emerge in smart grids,such as ring and mesh topologies.This paper presents a novel PLC channel modeling method based on the information node concept,and the universality and feasibility of the proposed method are demonstrated with applications in modeling networks with ring and mesh topologies.The factors that affect the channel characteristics of the networks and the laws that govern their behaviors for different types of topologies are analyzed.The validity and effectiveness of the proposed method are proven using simulation and laboratory tests.This paper provides the necessary theoretical basis and technical means to design the PLC modulation method for smart distribution grids.展开更多
文摘El Eulma has become an important node of transnational informal trade. It maintains strong relationships with international market places since the period where the ＂Trabendo＂ have seen a wide development in Algeria. On the national and regional level, the city of El Eulma is the main element of the network of informal merchant areas known by ＂Douba＇l＂ markets. The most important areas are located in the central and eastern of Algeria. This dual membership was conferred to it because of the strong presence of import companies and the existence of discrete and dynamic networks well-organized, formed of false importers, This article focuses on commercial trajectories, the forms of networks and their developments and tries to know the logic. From these trajectories, how the merchant places could be formed in Algeria, as was the case for El Eulma.
文摘Power line carrier(PLC)technology plays an increasingly important role in the realization of cost-effective communication in a smart distribution grid.No current channel modeling method is universally applicable to more complex topologies that may emerge in smart grids,such as ring and mesh topologies.This paper presents a novel PLC channel modeling method based on the information node concept,and the universality and feasibility of the proposed method are demonstrated with applications in modeling networks with ring and mesh topologies.The factors that affect the channel characteristics of the networks and the laws that govern their behaviors for different types of topologies are analyzed.The validity and effectiveness of the proposed method are proven using simulation and laboratory tests.This paper provides the necessary theoretical basis and technical means to design the PLC modulation method for smart distribution grids.
