We report a case of a 12-year-old female with closed and open comedo without inflammatory lesions at the first visit. She had been treated with topical adapalene once daily, and closed and open comedo subsided without...We report a case of a 12-year-old female with closed and open comedo without inflammatory lesions at the first visit. She had been treated with topical adapalene once daily, and closed and open comedo subsided without inflammatory lesions one month after the treatment without any side effects induced by adapalen. The recurrence of comedo had not been observed afterwards. In the Japanese Dermatological Association (JDA) guidelines for the treatment of acne vulgaris, comedonal phase has not been stated. Then we propose the tentative new terminology of a comedonal phase and emphasize its importance in the early initial treatment for comedo to prevent the development of the acute inflammatory phase such as red papules and pustules and formation of acne scars.展开更多
AIM:To determine initial medication adherence in newly diagnosed glaucoma patients treated with anti-glaucoma drugs.METHODS:This retrospective and observational study included all patients diagnosed with glaucoma in t...AIM:To determine initial medication adherence in newly diagnosed glaucoma patients treated with anti-glaucoma drugs.METHODS:This retrospective and observational study included all patients diagnosed with glaucoma in the Primary Health Care units in Portugal during the years 2012 and 2013,which in consequence received a first prescription for anti-glaucoma drugs.Data was collected from electronic prescribing records of the primary care units and from pharmacy claims records.Initiation of glaucoma treatment and early discontinuation were measured,and the combination of(non)-initiation and early discontinuation accounted for initial medication(non)-adherence.RESULTS:A total of 3548 new glaucoma patients(40.1%male;59.9%female)were included.The 1133(31.9%)patients were initially classified as non-users,since there was no pharmacy claim found for their first prescription for glaucoma treatment.Additionally,277(11.5%)patients early discontinued their treatment,acquiring only their first prescription.Overall,the initial medication non-adherence rate was 39.7%since 1410 patients either didn’t initiate treatment or discontinued it early.CONCLUSION:This study,reveals a major opportunity to improve glaucoma treatment and its control,since a large proportion of patients fail to engage with their prescribed therapy,which implies that implementation of individual or group strategies that enable patients with glaucoma to correctly perform their treatment is still needed.展开更多
Cholangiocarcinoma is the second most common primary hepatic cancer. Despite advances in diagnostic techniques during the past decade, cholangiocarcinoma is usually encountered at an advanced stage. In this review, we...Cholangiocarcinoma is the second most common primary hepatic cancer. Despite advances in diagnostic techniques during the past decade, cholangiocarcinoma is usually encountered at an advanced stage. In this review, we describe the classification, diagnosis, and initial management of cholangiocarcinoma with obstructive jaundice.展开更多
AIM: To evaluate the outcome predictors of percu- taneous ablation therapy in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), especially to identify whether the initial treatment response contributes to the...AIM: To evaluate the outcome predictors of percu- taneous ablation therapy in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), especially to identify whether the initial treatment response contributes to the survival of the patients. METHODS: The study cohort included 153 patients with single (102) and two or three (51) HCC nodules 5 cm or less in maximum diameter. As an initial treatment, 110 patients received radiofrequency ablation and 43 patients received percutaneous ethanol injection. RESULTS: The Kaplan-Meier estimates of overall 3- and 5-year survival rates were 75% and 59%, respectively. The log-rank test revealed statistically significant differences in the overall survivals according to Child- Pugh class (P = 0.0275), tumor size (P = 0.0130), serum albumin level (P = 0.0060), serum protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist Ⅱ level (P = 0.0486), and initial treatment response (P = 0.0130). The independent predictors of survival were serum albumin level (risk ratio, 3.216; 95% CI, 1.407-7.353; P = 0.0056) and initial treatment response (risk ratio, 2.474; 95% CI, 1.076-5.692; P = 0.0330) based on the Cox proportional hazards regression models. The patients had a serum albumin level 3.5 g/dL and the 3- and 5-year survival rates of 86% and 82%. CONCLUSION: In HCC patients treated with percutaneous ablation therapy, serum albumin level and initial treatment response are the independent outcome predictors.展开更多
Revised national tuberculosis control programme in India has limited co-hort-wise information about what happens to patients diagnosed with multidrug resistant TB (MDR-TB). We determined the pre-treatment loss to foll...Revised national tuberculosis control programme in India has limited co-hort-wise information about what happens to patients diagnosed with multidrug resistant TB (MDR-TB). We determined the pre-treatment loss to follow-up (non-initiation of treatment by programme within 6 months of diagnosis) and time from diagnosis to treatment initiation in Bhopal district, central India (2014). Pre-treatment loss to follow-up was 13% (0.95 CI: 7%, 23%), not significantly different from the national estimates (18%) and median time to initiate treatment was seven days, lower than that reported elsewhere in the country. Bhopal was performing well with reference to time to treatment initiation in programmatic settings.展开更多
目的:评估中性粒细胞-淋巴细胞比值(NLR)对初始治疗失败的社区获得性肺炎(CAP)的预测价值,并探讨二代测序技术(NGS)在初始治疗失败的CAP病原体检测中的应用价值。方法:回顾性分析2023年1月~2024年1月188例在吉林省人民医院治疗的CAP患...目的:评估中性粒细胞-淋巴细胞比值(NLR)对初始治疗失败的社区获得性肺炎(CAP)的预测价值,并探讨二代测序技术(NGS)在初始治疗失败的CAP病原体检测中的应用价值。方法:回顾性分析2023年1月~2024年1月188例在吉林省人民医院治疗的CAP患者。根据患者对初始治疗72 h后的反应,将患者分为初始治疗有效组(n=139)和初始治疗失败组(n=49),比较组间血常规、降钙素原(PCT)、NLR水平差异,并根据二分类Logistic回归法筛选出影响CAP患者发生初始治疗失败的危险因素。根据受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析NLR对初始治疗失败的CAP的预测价值,并与CURB-65评分进行比较。其中30例初始治疗失败的CAP患者同时行NGS和传统病原学检测,比较两种检测方法在病原体检测结果中的差异。结果:初始治疗失败组NLR、PCT、血白细胞计数(WBC)、中性粒细胞计数(NEU)高于初始治疗有效组,淋巴细胞计数(LYM)低于初始治疗有效组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);初始治疗失败组CURB-65评分高于初始治疗有效组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。二分类Logistic回归显示NLR是初始治疗失败的CAP的独立预测因素。ROC曲线分析显示,与经典指标CURB-65评分比较,NLR对初始治疗失败的CAP具有更高的预测价值[曲线下面积(AUC):0.746 vs 0.698,均P>0.05]。本研究中当NLR截断值为6.62时,敏感度为65.3%,特异度为77.7%。与传统检测方法比较,NGS检测病原微生物阳性率更高,差异有统计学意义(66.7%vs 33.3%,P<0.05),微生物检出种类更多(35 vs 14)。结论:NLR是CAP患者发生初始治疗失败的独立危险因素,具有较高的独立预测价值。NGS作为新型病原体检测技术,与传统检测方法相比具有较高的阳性率,为初始治疗失败的CAP提供了更加快速准确的病原体检测技术,不仅提高了患者的治愈率,而且改善患者的远期预后。展开更多
文摘We report a case of a 12-year-old female with closed and open comedo without inflammatory lesions at the first visit. She had been treated with topical adapalene once daily, and closed and open comedo subsided without inflammatory lesions one month after the treatment without any side effects induced by adapalen. The recurrence of comedo had not been observed afterwards. In the Japanese Dermatological Association (JDA) guidelines for the treatment of acne vulgaris, comedonal phase has not been stated. Then we propose the tentative new terminology of a comedonal phase and emphasize its importance in the early initial treatment for comedo to prevent the development of the acute inflammatory phase such as red papules and pustules and formation of acne scars.
文摘AIM:To determine initial medication adherence in newly diagnosed glaucoma patients treated with anti-glaucoma drugs.METHODS:This retrospective and observational study included all patients diagnosed with glaucoma in the Primary Health Care units in Portugal during the years 2012 and 2013,which in consequence received a first prescription for anti-glaucoma drugs.Data was collected from electronic prescribing records of the primary care units and from pharmacy claims records.Initiation of glaucoma treatment and early discontinuation were measured,and the combination of(non)-initiation and early discontinuation accounted for initial medication(non)-adherence.RESULTS:A total of 3548 new glaucoma patients(40.1%male;59.9%female)were included.The 1133(31.9%)patients were initially classified as non-users,since there was no pharmacy claim found for their first prescription for glaucoma treatment.Additionally,277(11.5%)patients early discontinued their treatment,acquiring only their first prescription.Overall,the initial medication non-adherence rate was 39.7%since 1410 patients either didn’t initiate treatment or discontinued it early.CONCLUSION:This study,reveals a major opportunity to improve glaucoma treatment and its control,since a large proportion of patients fail to engage with their prescribed therapy,which implies that implementation of individual or group strategies that enable patients with glaucoma to correctly perform their treatment is still needed.
文摘Cholangiocarcinoma is the second most common primary hepatic cancer. Despite advances in diagnostic techniques during the past decade, cholangiocarcinoma is usually encountered at an advanced stage. In this review, we describe the classification, diagnosis, and initial management of cholangiocarcinoma with obstructive jaundice.
文摘AIM: To evaluate the outcome predictors of percu- taneous ablation therapy in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), especially to identify whether the initial treatment response contributes to the survival of the patients. METHODS: The study cohort included 153 patients with single (102) and two or three (51) HCC nodules 5 cm or less in maximum diameter. As an initial treatment, 110 patients received radiofrequency ablation and 43 patients received percutaneous ethanol injection. RESULTS: The Kaplan-Meier estimates of overall 3- and 5-year survival rates were 75% and 59%, respectively. The log-rank test revealed statistically significant differences in the overall survivals according to Child- Pugh class (P = 0.0275), tumor size (P = 0.0130), serum albumin level (P = 0.0060), serum protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist Ⅱ level (P = 0.0486), and initial treatment response (P = 0.0130). The independent predictors of survival were serum albumin level (risk ratio, 3.216; 95% CI, 1.407-7.353; P = 0.0056) and initial treatment response (risk ratio, 2.474; 95% CI, 1.076-5.692; P = 0.0330) based on the Cox proportional hazards regression models. The patients had a serum albumin level 3.5 g/dL and the 3- and 5-year survival rates of 86% and 82%. CONCLUSION: In HCC patients treated with percutaneous ablation therapy, serum albumin level and initial treatment response are the independent outcome predictors.
文摘Revised national tuberculosis control programme in India has limited co-hort-wise information about what happens to patients diagnosed with multidrug resistant TB (MDR-TB). We determined the pre-treatment loss to follow-up (non-initiation of treatment by programme within 6 months of diagnosis) and time from diagnosis to treatment initiation in Bhopal district, central India (2014). Pre-treatment loss to follow-up was 13% (0.95 CI: 7%, 23%), not significantly different from the national estimates (18%) and median time to initiate treatment was seven days, lower than that reported elsewhere in the country. Bhopal was performing well with reference to time to treatment initiation in programmatic settings.
文摘目的:评估中性粒细胞-淋巴细胞比值(NLR)对初始治疗失败的社区获得性肺炎(CAP)的预测价值,并探讨二代测序技术(NGS)在初始治疗失败的CAP病原体检测中的应用价值。方法:回顾性分析2023年1月~2024年1月188例在吉林省人民医院治疗的CAP患者。根据患者对初始治疗72 h后的反应,将患者分为初始治疗有效组(n=139)和初始治疗失败组(n=49),比较组间血常规、降钙素原(PCT)、NLR水平差异,并根据二分类Logistic回归法筛选出影响CAP患者发生初始治疗失败的危险因素。根据受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析NLR对初始治疗失败的CAP的预测价值,并与CURB-65评分进行比较。其中30例初始治疗失败的CAP患者同时行NGS和传统病原学检测,比较两种检测方法在病原体检测结果中的差异。结果:初始治疗失败组NLR、PCT、血白细胞计数(WBC)、中性粒细胞计数(NEU)高于初始治疗有效组,淋巴细胞计数(LYM)低于初始治疗有效组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);初始治疗失败组CURB-65评分高于初始治疗有效组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。二分类Logistic回归显示NLR是初始治疗失败的CAP的独立预测因素。ROC曲线分析显示,与经典指标CURB-65评分比较,NLR对初始治疗失败的CAP具有更高的预测价值[曲线下面积(AUC):0.746 vs 0.698,均P>0.05]。本研究中当NLR截断值为6.62时,敏感度为65.3%,特异度为77.7%。与传统检测方法比较,NGS检测病原微生物阳性率更高,差异有统计学意义(66.7%vs 33.3%,P<0.05),微生物检出种类更多(35 vs 14)。结论:NLR是CAP患者发生初始治疗失败的独立危险因素,具有较高的独立预测价值。NGS作为新型病原体检测技术,与传统检测方法相比具有较高的阳性率,为初始治疗失败的CAP提供了更加快速准确的病原体检测技术,不仅提高了患者的治愈率,而且改善患者的远期预后。