Heat transfer enhanced inorganic phase change material compositing carbon nanotubes for battery thermal management and thermal runaway propagation mitigation

Developing technologies that can be applied simultaneously in battery thermal management(BTM)and thermal runaway(TR)mitigation is significant to improving the safety of lithium-ion battery systems.Inorganic phase change material(PCM)with nonflammability has the potential to achieve this dual function.This study proposed an encapsulated inorganic phase change material(EPCM)with a heat transfer enhancement for battery systems,where Na_(2)HPO_(4)·12H_(2)O was used as the core PCM encapsulated by silica and the additive of carbon nanotube(CNT)was applied to enhance the thermal conductivity.The microstructure and thermal properties of the EPCM/CNT were analyzed by a series of characterization tests.Two different incorporating methods of CNT were compared and the proper CNT adding amount was also studied.After preparation,the battery thermal management performance and TR propagation mitigation effects of EPCM/CNT were further investigated on the battery modules.The experimental results of thermal management tests showed that EPCM/CNT not only slowed down the temperature rising of the module but also improved the temperature uniformity during normal operation.The peak battery temperature decreased from 76℃to 61.2℃at 2 C discharge rate and the temperature difference was controlled below 3℃.Moreover,the results of TR propagation tests demonstrated that nonflammable EPCM/CNT with good heat absorption could work as a TR barrier,which exhibited effective mitigation on TR and TR propagation.The trigger time of three cells was successfully delayed by 129,474 and 551 s,respectively and the propagation intervals were greatly extended as well.

Pervaporation performance and characterization of hydrophilic ZSM-5 zeolite membranes for high inorganic acid and inorganic salts

The hydrophilic ZSM-5 zeolite membranes are applied to separate the inorganic acid solutions and inorganic acid/inorganic salt mixtures by pervaporation,and the membrane presents good stability,dehydration,and desalination performance.Influences of inorganic acid type(H_(2)SO_(4),H_(3)PO_(4),HNO_(3),and HCl),H_(2)SO_(4)concentration(1-6 mol·L^(-1)),test temperature(60-90℃)and inorganic acid/inorganic salt type(2 mol·L^(-1)H_(2)SO_(4)and sulfate,2 mol·L^(-1)H3PO4 and phosphate)on the pervaporation performance are investigated in this work.Either for concentrating 3%(mass)H_(2)SO_(4)solution or consecutive dehydrating 20%(mass)H_(2)SO_(4)solution,the hydrophilic ZSM-5 zeolite membrane has a good dehydration performance and stability.Even though the H_(2)SO_(4)concentration and test temperature are increased to 6 M and 90℃,only H_(2)O molecules could pass through the membrane and pH value of the permeation is kept neutral.Besides,the membrane has good dehydration and desalination performance for H_(2)SO_(4)/sulfates and H_(3)PO_(4)/phosphate mixtures,and the rejection of natrium salt,molysite,and magnesium is almost 100%.

Effects of inorganic nutrients and environmental factors on the removal of n-propylbenzene and isopropylbenzene in seawater by cryptophytes Rhinomonas reticulata S6A

To effectively remove n-propylbenzene(n-PBZ)and isopropylbenzene(i-PBZ)leaked into seawater using Rhinomonas reticulata S6A(a newly isolated marine microalga),the effects of three inorganic nutrients and four environmental factors on their degradation were determined after 7 d of inoculation.Results show that NaNO_(3) at 300 mg/L caused a higher removal efficiency of both n-PBZ and i-PBZ(44.79%and 39.26%),while for NaH_(2) PO_(4)·H_(2) O,greater removal rates of two PBZs(47.30%and 42.23%)were achieved at 30 and 20 mg/L,respectively.NaHCO_(3) supplementation(500-750 mg/L)resulted in a large reduction(43.67%-45.04%)in i-PBZ concentration.The change in seawater pH(from 6 to 9)did not affect the elimination of n-PBZ and i-PBZ.The most suitable salinity and temperature were 30 and 25-30℃,respectively,leading to the PBZs removal of~40%.Light intensity exhibited significant influence on elimination of PBZs,and the maximum removal efficiencies of 56.07%(n-PBZ)and 55.00%(i-PBZ)were recorded under 200 and 600μmol/(m^(2)·s),respectively.In addition,the microalga could still remove PBZs when it failed to grow well due to darkness,strong light,low temperature,or low salinity,which might mean that good growth of alga is not always a necessary condition for PBZs removal.Therefore,attention should be paid to the suitability of nutrient levels and environmental conditions(excluding pH)in seawater when using microalgae for bioremediating PBZs-contaminated seawater.

Advancements and Challenges in Organic–Inorganic Composite Solid Electrolytes for All‑Solid‑State Lithium Batteries

To address the limitations of contemporary lithium-ion batteries,particularly their low energy density and safety concerns,all-solid-state lithium batteries equipped with solid-state electrolytes have been identified as an up-and-coming alternative.Among the various SEs,organic–inorganic composite solid electrolytes(OICSEs)that combine the advantages of both polymer and inorganic materials demonstrate promising potential for large-scale applications.However,OICSEs still face many challenges in practical applications,such as low ionic conductivity and poor interfacial stability,which severely limit their applications.This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent research advancements in OICSEs.Specifically,the influence of inorganic fillers on the main functional parameters of OICSEs,including ionic conductivity,Li+transfer number,mechanical strength,electrochemical stability,electronic conductivity,and thermal stability are systematically discussed.The lithium-ion conduction mechanism of OICSE is thoroughly analyzed and concluded from the microscopic perspective.Besides,the classic inorganic filler types,including both inert and active fillers,are categorized with special emphasis on the relationship between inorganic filler structure design and the electrochemical performance of OICSEs.Finally,the advanced characterization techniques relevant to OICSEs are summarized,and the challenges and perspectives on the future development of OICSEs are also highlighted for constructing superior ASSLBs.

Semitransparent organic photovoltaics enabled by transparent p-type inorganic semiconductor and near-infrared acceptor

Semitransparent organic photovoltaics(STOPVs)have gained wide attention owing to their promising applications in building-integrated photovoltaics,agrivoltaics,and floating photovoltaics.Organic semiconductors with high charge carrier mobility usually have planar and conjugated structures,thereby showing strong absorption in visible region.In this work,a new concept of incorporating transparent inorganic semiconductors is proposed for high-performance STOPVs.Copper(I)thiocyanate(CuSCN)is a visible-transparent inorganic semiconductor with an ionization potential of 5.45 eV and high hole mobility.The transparency of CuSCN benefits high average visible transmittance(AVT)of STOPVs.The energy levels of CuSCN as donor match those of near-infrared small molecule acceptor BTP-eC9,and the formed heterojunction exhibits an ability of exciton dissociation.High mobility of CuSCN contributes to a more favorable charge transport channel and suppresses charge recombination.The control STOPVs based on PM6/BTP-eC9 exhibit an AVT of 19.0%with a power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 12.7%.Partial replacement of PM6 with CuSCN leads to a 63%increase in transmittance,resulting in a higher AVT of 30.9%and a comparable PCE of 10.8%.

Reinforced SnO_(2) tensile-strength and“buffer-spring”interfaces for efficient inorganic perovskite solar cells

Suppressing nonradiative recombination and releasing residual strain areprerequisites to improving the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells(PSCs).Here,long-chain polyacrylic acid(PAA)is used to reinforce SnO_(2)film and passivate SnO_(2)defects,forming a structure similar to“reinforcedconcrete”with high tensile strength and fewer microcracks.Simultaneously,PAA is also introduced to the SnO_(2)/perovskite interface as a“buffer spring”torelease residual strain,which also acts as a“dual-side passivation interlayer”to passivate the oxygen vacancies of SnO_(2)and Pb dangling bonds in halideperovskites.As a result,the best inorganic CsPbBr_(3)PSC achieves a championpower conversion efficiency of 10.83%with an ultrahigh open-circuit voltageof 1.674 V.The unencapsulated PSC shows excellent stability under 80%relative humidity and 80℃over 120 days.

Research,application and development of inorganic binder for casting process

Inorganic binder used in casting process has the advantages of low odor,labor-friendly conditions,and relatively low cost,which is one of the main development directions for casting molding materials in the future.However,compared to organic binders(such as resin binders),inorganic binders exhibit lower bonding strength and are more sensitive to environmental humidity.This sensitivity poses challenges,particularly in the reclamation of used sand,thus limiting their broader application.In this paper,the research and application status of inorganic binders(mainly silicate inorganic binders)and their curing methods are summarized.In addition,the research and application of phosphate inorganic binders and 3D printing inorganic binders that are being developed are introduced.Meanwhile,a detailed comparative analysis is conducted on the challenging issue of“reclamation for used sand”in the application of inorganic binders.Finally,the development direction of inorganic binders is clarified.

Exploration of Ideological and Political Materials for the Course of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry for Environmental and Ecological Engineering Major

Integrating ideological and political theories teaching into the whole process of classroom teaching construction is a new requirement for implementing the fundamental task of cultivating people by virtue and playing the role of collaborative education.In order to realize the seamless integration of inorganic and analytical chemistry courses and ideological and political education,this paper summarizes the current situation of ideological and political research on inorganic and analytical chemistry courses in three major databases in China(VIP,CNKI and Wanfang),and sorts out the knowledge points,ideological and political elements and educational goals according to the content of the course chapters,to provide a basic guarantee for the ideological and political education construction of the course.

Research Progress in Mechanochemistry of Inorganic Materials

With the progress of science and technology,China has gradually attached importance to research and exploration in chemistry,and the achievements in exploring mechanochemistry are also quite significant.Therefore,it is necessary to study and explore mechanochemistry.This article mainly discusses the application of mechanochemistry in powder and some silicate materials,as well as in special ceramics,and provides a brief introduction to provide reference for relevant researchers.

国外无机化学教材的研究——以Housecroft&Sharpe的Inorganic Chemistry(5th edition)为例

Catherine Housecroft和Alan G.Sharpe合著的Inorganic Chemistry是一本经历了时间检验的经典教材,其内容涵盖了无机化学的基础原理、元素化学、生物无机化学以及这些知识在催化、工业生产和材料等领域的应用。本文希望通过对该教材的介绍及其与国内教材的编写内容和排版等的对照分析,为国内无机化学的教材编写提供一些有价值的参考,同时为从事无机化学教学的教师提供一个选择参考教材的选项。

Tailoring Practically Accessible Polymer/Inorganic Composite Electrolytes for All-Solid-State Lithium Metal Batteries:A Review

Solid-state electrolytes(SSEs)are widely considered the essential components for upcoming rechargeable lithium-ion batteries owing to the potential for great safety and energy density.Among them,polymer solid-state electrolytes(PSEs)are competitive candidates for replacing commercial liquid electrolytes due to their flexibility,shape versatility and easy machinability.Despite the rapid development of PSEs,their practical application still faces obstacles including poor ionic conductivity,narrow electrochemical stable window and inferior mechanical strength.Polymer/inorganic composite electrolytes(PIEs)formed by adding ceramic fillers in PSEs merge the benefits of PSEs and inorganic solid-state electrolytes(ISEs),exhibiting appreciable comprehensive properties due to the abundant interfaces with unique characteristics.Some PIEs are highly compatible with high-voltage cathode and lithium metal anode,which offer desirable access to obtaining lithium metal batteries with high energy density.This review elucidates the current issues and recent advances in PIEs.The performance of PIEs was remarkably influenced by the characteristics of the fillers including type,content,morphology,arrangement and surface groups.We focus on the molecular interaction between different components in the composite environment for designing high-performance PIEs.Finally,the obstacles and opportunities for creating high-performance PIEs are outlined.This review aims to provide some theoretical guidance and direction for the development of PIEs.

Thixotropic composite hydrogels based on agarose and inorganic hybrid gellants

Water can be used as oxidant in conjunction with metal particles to form metal-water propellant to increase the energy of propellant.For this application,water needs to be stored in form of solid and capable of becoming liquid when use.Stable and thixotropic hydrogel has good potential as water-retaining material and oxidant of metal-based propellant.In this study,we prepared organic/inorganic composite hydrogels by combining inorganic gellants hectorite and fumed silica with organic gellant agarose,respectively.The total content of the gellants can be reduced to less than 2%by adding agarose.The influence of agarose on water content,phase transition temperature,centrifugal stability and other basic physical properties of composite hydrogels were discussed.The results show that the composite hydrogels have better thixotropy and stability than pure inorganic hydrogels,and the gel-sol transformation can be realized by applying shear force or heating to the phase transition temperature.The composite hydrogels have good shear thinning ability and improved mechanical stability.Fumed silica/agarose hydrogels have better physical stability,while the thixotropy and shear thinning ability of hectorite/agarose hydrogels are better.

Inorganic Halide Perovskite Quantum Dots:A Versatile Nanomaterial Platform for Electronic Applications

Metal halide perovskites have generated significant attention in recent years because of their extraordinary physical properties and photovoltaic performance.Among these,inorganic perovskite quantum dots(QDs)stand out for their prominent merits,such as quantum confinement effects,high photoluminescence quantum yield,and defect-tolerant structures.Additionally,ligand engineering and an all-inorganic composition lead to a robust platform for ambient-stable QD devices.This review presents the state-of-the-art research progress on inorganic perovskite QDs,emphasizing their electronic applications.In detail,the physical properties of inorganic perovskite QDs will be introduced first,followed by a discussion of synthesis methods and growth control.Afterwards,the emerging applications of inorganic perovskite QDs in electronics,including transistors and memories,will be presented.Finally,this review will provide an outlook on potential strategies for advancing inorganic perovskite QD technologies.

A dual-mode image sensor using an all-inorganic perovskite nanowire array for standard and neuromorphic imaging

The high-density,vertically aligned retinal neuron array provides effective vision,a feature we aim to replicate with electronic devices.However,the conventional complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor(CMOS)image sensor,based on separate designs for sensing,memory,and processing units,limits its integration density.Moreover,redundant signal communication significantly increases energy consumption.Current neuromorphic devices integrating sensing and signal processing show promise in various computer vision applications,but there is still a need for frame-based imaging with good compatibility.In this study,we developed a dual-mode image sensor based on a high-density all-inorganic perovskite nanowire array.The device can switch between frame-based standard imaging mode and neuromorphic imaging mode by applying different biases.This unique bias-dependent photo response is based on a well-designed energy band diagram.The biomimetic alignment of nanowires ensures the potential for high-resolution imaging.To further demonstrate the imaging ability,we conducted pattern reconstruction in both modes with a 10×10 crossbar device.This study introduces a novel image sensor with high compatibility and efficiency,suitable for various applications including computer vision,surveillance,and robotics.

High-performance warm white LED based on thermally stable all inorganic perovskite quantum dots

All inorganic CsPbBr_(3) quantum dots(QDs)are regarded as excellent candidates for next-generation emitters due to their high photoluminescence quantum yield(PLQY)and defect tolerance.However,the poor stability and degraded luminescent performance may impede their further commercialization because of the separation of conventional ligands from the QDs surfaces.Recently,Zang replaced the regular oleic acid with 2-hexyl-decanoic acid(DA),which possesses higher binding energy on the QDs surfaces,to act as ligands of QDs,exhibiting PLQY of 96%and excellent stabilities against ethanol and water.WLEDs with DA-modified CsPbBr_(3) QDs achieved improved thermal stability,a color rendering index of 93,a power efficiency of 64.8 lm/W and a properly correlated color temperature value of 3018 K,implying their prominent applications in solid-state lighting and displays.

Synergistic Optimization of Buried Interface by Multifunctional Organic-Inorganic Complexes for Highly Efficient Planar Perovskite Solar Cells

For the further improvement of the power conversion efficiency(PCE)and stability of perovskite solar cells(PSCs),the buried interface between the perovskite and the electron transport layer is crucial.However,it is challenging to effectively optimize this interface as it is buried beneath the perovskite film.Herein,we have designed and synthesized a series of multifunctional organic-inorganic(OI)complexes as buried interfacial material to promote electron extraction,as well as the crystal growth of the perovskite.The OI complex with BF4−group not only eliminates oxygen vacancies on the SnO_(2) surface but also balances energy level alignment between SnO_(2) and perovskite,providing a favorable environment for charge carrier extraction.Moreover,OI complex with amine(−NH_(2))functional group can regulate the crystallization of the perovskite film via interaction with PbI2,resulting in highly crystallized perovskite film with large grains and low defect density.Consequently,with rational molecular design,the PSCs with optimal OI complex buried interface layer which contains both BF4−and−NH_(2) functional groups yield a champion device efficiency of 23.69%.More importantly,the resulting unencapsulated device performs excellent ambient stability,maintaining over 90%of its initial efficiency after 2000 h storage,and excellent light stability of 91.5%remaining PCE in the maximum power point tracking measurement(under continuous 100 mW cm−2 light illumination in N2 atmosphere)after 500 h.

Interconnected and high cycling stability polypyrrole supercapacitors using cellulose nanocrystals and commonly used inorganic salts as dopants

Polypyrrole(PPy)is wildly used as electrode material in supercapacitors due to its high conductivity,low cost,ease of handling,and ease of fabrication.However,limited capacitance and poor cycling stability hinder its practical application.After developing carboxylated cellulose nanocrystals(CNC-COO^(-))as immobile dopants for PPy to improve its cycling stability,we investigated the effect of different commonly used salts(KCl,NaCl,KBr,and NaClO_(4))as dopants during electrode fabrication by electropolymerization.The film’s capacitance increased from 160.6 to 183.4 F g^(-1)after adding a combination of KCl and NaClO_(4) into the electrodeposition electrolyte.More importantly,the porous and interconnected PPy/CNC-COO^(-)-Cl-(Cl O_(4)^(-))_0.5 electrode film exhibited an excellent capacitance of 125.0 F g^(-1)(0.78 F cm^(-2))at a high current density of 2.0 Ag^(-1)(20 m A cm^(-2),allowing charging in less than 1 min),increasing almost 204%over PPy/CNC-COO-films.A symmetric PPy/CNC-COO^(-)-Cl-(ClO_(4)^(-))_0.5 supercapacitor retained its full capacitance after 5000 cycles,and displayed a high energy density of 5.2 Wh kg^(-1)at a power density of 25.4 W kg^(-1)(34.5μWh cm^(-2) at 1752.3μW cm^(-2)).These results reveal that the porous structure formed by doping with CNC-COO-and inorganic salts opens up more active reaction areas to store charges in PPy-based films as the stiff and ribbon-like CNC-COO-as permanent dopants improve the strength and stability of PPy-based films.Our demonstration provides a simple and practical way to deposit PPy based supercapacitors with high capacitance,fast charging,and excellent cycling stability.

4‑Terminal Inorganic Perovskite/Organic Tandem Solar Cells Offer 22%Efficiency

After fast developing of single-junction perovskite solar cells and organic solar cells in the past 10 years,it is becoming harder and harder to improve their power conversion efficiencies.Tandem solar cells are receiving more and more attention because they have much higher theoretical efficiency than single-junction solar cells.Good device performance has been achieved for perovskite/silicon and perovskite/perovskite tandem solar cells,including 2-terminal and 4-terminal structures.However,very few studies have been done about 4-terminal inorganic perovskite/organic tandem solar cells.In this work,semi-transparent inorganic perovskite solar cells and organic solar cells are used to fabricate 4-terminal inorganic perovskite/organic tandem solar cells,achieving a power conversion efficiency of 21.25%for the tandem cells with spin-coated perovskite layer.By using drop-coating instead of spin-coating to make the inorganic perovskite films,4-terminal tandem cells with an efficiency of 22.34%are made.The efficiency is higher than the reported 2-terminal and 4-terminal inorganic perovskite/organic tandem solar cells.In addition,equivalent 2-terminal tandem solar cells were fabricated by connecting the sub-cells in series.The stability of organic solar cells under continuous illumination is improved by using semi-transparent perovskite solar cells as filter.

In Situ Formed Tribofilms as Efficient Organic/Inorganic Hybrid Interlayers for Stabilizing Lithium Metal Anodes

The practical application of Li metal anodes(LMAs)is limited by uncontrolled dendrite growth and side reactions.Herein,we propose a new friction-induced strategy to produce high-performance thin Li anode(Li@CFO).By virtue of the in situ friction reaction between fluoropolymer grease and Li strips during rolling,a robust organic/inorganic hybrid interlayer(lithiophilic LiF/LiC_(6)framework hybridized-CF_(2)-O-CF_(2)-chains)was formed atop Li metal.The derived interface contributes to reversible Li plating/stripping behaviors by mitigating side reactions and decreasing the solvation degree at the interface.The Li@CFO||Li@CFO symmetrical cell exhibits a remarkable lifespan for 5,600 h(1.0 mA cm^(-2)and 1.0 mAh cm^(-2))and 1,350 cycles even at a harsh condition(18.0 mA cm^(-2)and 3.0 mAh cm^(-2)).When paired with high-loading LiFePO4 cathodes,the full cell lasts over 450 cycles at 1C with a high-capacity retention of 99.9%.This work provides a new friction-induced strategy for producing high-performance thin LMAs.

Microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-3Sn-1Ca reinforced with AlN nano-particles

Microstructural evolution and strengthening mechanisms of Mg-3Sn-1Ca based alloys with additions of different amounts of Al N nanoparticles were investigated.It was found that with increasing the amount of AlN nano-particles the grain size decreases obviously.The existence of AlN nano-particles could refine the primary crystal phases CaMgSn,which provided more heterogeneous nucleation sites for the formation of magnesium.Moreover,such nano-particles could also restrict the grain growth during solidification.After adding AlN nano-particles,both the tensile properties at room temperature and high temperature 250℃and the hardness are largely improved.The improvement of strength is attributed to grain refinement and second phase refinement.