Background The effect of microbial phytase on amino acid and energy digestibility is not consistent in pigs,which may be related to the phytase dosage or the adaptation length to the diet.Therefore,an experiment was c...Background The effect of microbial phytase on amino acid and energy digestibility is not consistent in pigs,which may be related to the phytase dosage or the adaptation length to the diet.Therefore,an experiment was conducted to test the hypotheses that increasing dietary phytase after an 18-day adaptation period:1)increases nutrient and energy digestibility;2)increases plasma P,plasma inositol,and bone ash of young pigs;and 3)demonstrates that maximum phytate degradation requires more phytase than maximum P digestibility.Results Data indicated that increasing inclusion of phytase[0,250,500,1,000,2,000,and 4,000 phytase units(FTU)/kg feed]in corn-soybean meal-based diets increased apparent ileal digestibility(AID)of Trp(quadratic;P<0.05),and of Lys and Thr(linear;P<0.05),and tended to increase AID of Met(linear;P<0.10).Increasing dietary phytase also increased AID and apparent total tract digestibility(ATTD)of Ca and P(quadratic;P<0.05)and increased ATTD of K and Na(linear;P<0.05),but phytase did not influence the ATTD of Mg or gross energy.Concentrations of plasma P and bone ash increased(quadratic;P<0.05),and plasma inositol also increased(linear;P<0.05)with increasing inclusion of phytase.Reduced concentrations of inositol phosphate(IP)6 and IP5(quadratic;P<0.05),reduced IP4 and IP3(linear;P<0.05),but increased inositol concentrations(linear;P<0.05)were observed in ileal digesta as dietary phytase increased.The ATTD of P was maximized if at least 1,200 FTU/kg were used,whereas more than 4,000 FTU/kg were needed to maximize inositol release.Conclusions Increasing dietary levels of phytase after an 18-day adaptation period increased phytate and IP ester degradation and inositol release in the small intestine.Consequently,increasing dietary phytase resulted in improved digestibility of Ca,P,K,Na,and the first 4 limiting amino acids,and in increased concentrations of bone ash and plasma P and inositol.In a corn-soybean meal diet,maximum inositol release requires approximately 3,200 FTU/kg more phytase than that required for maximum P digestibility.展开更多
Objective:To compare the effectiveness of inositol and metformin on the clinical characteristics,and endocrine and metabolic profiles of infertile polycystic ovarian syndrome(PCOS)women from Vietnam.Methods:From June ...Objective:To compare the effectiveness of inositol and metformin on the clinical characteristics,and endocrine and metabolic profiles of infertile polycystic ovarian syndrome(PCOS)women from Vietnam.Methods:From June 2018 to August 2022,a randomized trial was undertaken at the Hue Center for Endocrinology and Reproduction on infertile women aged 18 to 40 years with polycystic ovarian syndrome.The clinical,endocrine,and metabolic features of these individuals were assessed before and after 3 months of treatment with 2 g of inositol or 1700 mg of metformin per day.Natural pregnancy rates,adverse effects,and tolerance of inositol were recorded.Results:The study included 171 infertile PCOS women who were eligible to participate and took part in the baseline assessment,of whom 132 women participated in data analysis after 3 months.After metformin treatment,42.1%of women with oligomenorrhea experienced regular menstruation.Metformin significantly lowered body mass index(BMI),waist circumference and testosterone levels,but had no effect on other clinical characteristics,endocrine profiles,or metabolic profiles.29.2%Of women reported experiencing side effects.21%Of them attained pregnancy,which resulted in 17.1%of live births.In the inositol group,the rate of regular cycle increased by 18.2%and the total testosterone concentration significantly decreased.In overweight/obese women with PCOS,inositol significantly decreased weight,BMI,waist and hip circumferences(P<0.05).100%Of women tolerated inositol and continued treatment.18.9%Of them became pregnant,leading to 17%of live births.Conclusions:Metformin and inositol can improve weight and waist circumference in overweight/obese infertile women with PCOS.Metformin is associated with a higher rate of regular menstruation,whereas inositol is associated with a lower rate of adverse effects.The spontaneous conception,clinical pregnancy,and live birth rates between two groups are comparable.展开更多
Inositol polyphosphate-4-phosphatase type II(INPP4B)is a newly discovered PI(3,4,5)P3 phosphatase.Many studies have revealed that INPP4B is upregulated or downregulated in tumors of the digestive system,and the abnorm...Inositol polyphosphate-4-phosphatase type II(INPP4B)is a newly discovered PI(3,4,5)P3 phosphatase.Many studies have revealed that INPP4B is upregulated or downregulated in tumors of the digestive system,and the abnormal expression of INPP4B may be attributed to the occurrence,development,and prognosis of tumors of the digestive system.This paper reviews studies on the correlations between INPP4B and digestive system tumors and the roles of INPP4B in the development of different tumors to provide a theoretical basis for further research on its molecular mechanism and clinical application."INPP4B"and"tumor"were searched as key words in PubMed and in the CNKI series full text database retrieval system from January 2000 to August 2023.A total of 153 Englishlanguage studies and 30 Chinese-language studies were retrieved.The following enrollment criteria were applied:(1)Studies contained information on the biological structure and functions of INPP4B;(2)studies covered the influence of abnormal expression of INPP4B in digestive system tumors;and(3)studies covered the role of INPP4B in the diagnosis,treatment,and prognosis of digestive system tumors.After excluding the literature irrelevant to this study,61 papers were finally included in the analysis.INPP4B expression is low in gastric cancer,colon cancer,pancreatic cancer,and liver cancer but it has high expression in esophageal cancer,colon cancer,pancreatic cancer,and gallbladder cancer.INPP4B is involved in the occurrence and development of digestive system tumors through the regulation of gene expression and signal transduction.The abnormal expression of INPP4B plays an important role in the development of digestive system tumors.Studies on INPP4B provide new molecular insights for the diagnosis,treatment,and prognosis evaluation of digestive system tumors.展开更多
背景:近年来,有研究发现部分中药单体通过激活细胞自噬可缓解皮瓣氧化应激与细胞凋亡,促进皮瓣血管再生,防治皮瓣坏死。目的:综述中药单体调控细胞自噬防治皮瓣坏死的研究进展。方法:分别以“中药、细胞自噬、皮瓣”与“Traditional Chi...背景:近年来,有研究发现部分中药单体通过激活细胞自噬可缓解皮瓣氧化应激与细胞凋亡,促进皮瓣血管再生,防治皮瓣坏死。目的:综述中药单体调控细胞自噬防治皮瓣坏死的研究进展。方法:分别以“中药、细胞自噬、皮瓣”与“Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM),Autophagy,Skin flaps”为中英文检索词,由第一作者检索2010年1月至2022年10月发表在中国知网与PubMed数据库的相关文献,文献初筛共检索到相关文献196篇,以纳入和排除标准进行筛选,通过阅读文献标题与摘要进行质量评估,最终归纳整理55篇文献进行综述。结果与结论:(1)细胞自噬的调控是由AMPK/mTOR和PI3K/AKT等信号通路介导的,激活细胞自噬可缓解皮瓣氧化应激与细胞凋亡,促进皮瓣血管再生,防治皮瓣坏死。(2)中药单体中的萜类化合物(桦木酸、穿心莲内酯、三七三萜和梓醇)、酚类化合物(白藜芦醇、姜黄素和天麻素)、酚酸类化合物(丹酚酸B)及类固醇类化合物(拟人参皂甙F11)可通过调控相关信号通路激活细胞自噬来缓解皮瓣氧化应激与细胞凋亡,促进皮瓣血管再生,促皮瓣存活。(3)文章通过总结中药单体调控细胞自噬防治皮瓣坏死的研究进展,为临床上中药防治皮瓣坏死、促进皮瓣愈合提供参考与理论依据。展开更多
目的:探讨烟酰胺磷酸核糖转移酶(NAMPT)在多发性骨髓瘤中的作用机制及其临床价值。方法:采用RT-q PCR和Western blot方法检测多发性骨髓瘤细胞和正常骨髓单个核细胞中NAMPT的表达水平,同时通过细胞增殖与凋亡实验、小干扰RNA沉默、过表...目的:探讨烟酰胺磷酸核糖转移酶(NAMPT)在多发性骨髓瘤中的作用机制及其临床价值。方法:采用RT-q PCR和Western blot方法检测多发性骨髓瘤细胞和正常骨髓单个核细胞中NAMPT的表达水平,同时通过细胞增殖与凋亡实验、小干扰RNA沉默、过表达实验和染色质免疫共沉淀实验分析NAMPT的生物学功能。结果:多发性骨髓瘤细胞系(MM1R、MM1S、U266和RPMI-8226)中NAMPT m RNA和蛋白的表达水平较正常骨髓单个核细胞均显著升高(P<0.001),且在U266细胞中最明显。与Si-NC组相比,Si-NAMPT组转染24、48、72 h均显著抑制U266细胞增殖(P=0.006,P<0.001,P=0.001),转染48 h时U266细胞凋亡率升高显著(P<0.001)。与Flag-NC组比较,Flag-NAMPT组U266细胞增殖均显著升高(P=0.003,P=0.002,P<0.001),转染48 h时细胞凋亡率明显降低。在U266细胞中NAMPT的表达在转录水平受到XBP1的调控。用硼替佐米处理XBP1或NAMPT稳定敲除或经MKC3946预处理的U266细胞后细胞增殖率均显著下降,BAX m RNA和蛋白水平显著升高,BCL-2 m RNA和蛋白水平显著下调,Caspase-3裂解度显著下降,Caspase-3/7活性急剧增加(P<0.05)。结论:NAMPT在多发性骨髓瘤细胞系中高表达,促进多发性骨髓瘤细胞增殖,抑制细胞凋亡。在U266细胞中NAMPT受IRE1α-XBP1信号通路的转录调控。稳定敲除NAMPT或阻断IRE1α-XBP1通路可显著提高U266细胞对硼替佐米的敏感性。展开更多
Alzheimer’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the amyloid accumulation in the brains of patients with Alzheimer’s disease.The pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease is mainly mediated by the pho...Alzheimer’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the amyloid accumulation in the brains of patients with Alzheimer’s disease.The pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease is mainly mediated by the phosphorylation and aggregation of tau protein.Among the multiple causes of tau hyperphosphorylation,brain insulin resistance has generated much attention,and inositols as insulin sensitizers,are currently considered candidates for drug development.The present narrative review revises the interactions between these three elements:Alzheimer’s disease-tau-inositols,which can eventually identify targets for new disease modifiers capable of bringing hope to the millions of people affected by this devastating disease.展开更多
为进一步挖掘控制水稻抗倒伏的基因,以524份水稻种质资源为材料,采用GWAS(genome-wide association analysis)鉴定与抗倒伏性状显著关联的位点qRLG7,通过基因表达水平分析和候选基因关联分析确定调控水稻抗倒伏性的候选基因,在分析候选...为进一步挖掘控制水稻抗倒伏的基因,以524份水稻种质资源为材料,采用GWAS(genome-wide association analysis)鉴定与抗倒伏性状显著关联的位点qRLG7,通过基因表达水平分析和候选基因关联分析确定调控水稻抗倒伏性的候选基因,在分析候选基因的表达特征和启动子区自然变异基础上利用CRISPR-Cas9技术构建2个候选基因的突变体家系,考察转基因材料的抗倒伏性状。结果显示,编码肌醇-1-单磷酸酶的2个串联排列基因LOC_Os07g37220和LOC_Os07g37230在离茎秆基部5 cm节间中的表达量显著高于其余候选基因,而且这2个候选基因的表达量在极端抗倒伏和易倒伏2组材料中存在极显著差异;通过候选基因关联分析发现这2个基因启动子区的SNP与离基部5 cm茎秆直径(CD5)的表型值显著关联,且基于显著关联SNP的2种单倍型的CD5表型值存在显著差异,这2个候选基因的2种单倍型启动子活性检测结果也表明2种单倍型之间存在极显著差异;2个基因的功能缺失突变体植株在基部节间抗折力、茎秆厚度、茎秆直径以及株高和穗质量等性状方面与野生型对照存在显著差异。结果表明,候选基因LOC_Os07g37220和LOC_Os07g37230具有一定的抗倒伏功能。展开更多
基金support for this research from AB Vista,Marlborough,UK,is greatly appreciated。
文摘Background The effect of microbial phytase on amino acid and energy digestibility is not consistent in pigs,which may be related to the phytase dosage or the adaptation length to the diet.Therefore,an experiment was conducted to test the hypotheses that increasing dietary phytase after an 18-day adaptation period:1)increases nutrient and energy digestibility;2)increases plasma P,plasma inositol,and bone ash of young pigs;and 3)demonstrates that maximum phytate degradation requires more phytase than maximum P digestibility.Results Data indicated that increasing inclusion of phytase[0,250,500,1,000,2,000,and 4,000 phytase units(FTU)/kg feed]in corn-soybean meal-based diets increased apparent ileal digestibility(AID)of Trp(quadratic;P<0.05),and of Lys and Thr(linear;P<0.05),and tended to increase AID of Met(linear;P<0.10).Increasing dietary phytase also increased AID and apparent total tract digestibility(ATTD)of Ca and P(quadratic;P<0.05)and increased ATTD of K and Na(linear;P<0.05),but phytase did not influence the ATTD of Mg or gross energy.Concentrations of plasma P and bone ash increased(quadratic;P<0.05),and plasma inositol also increased(linear;P<0.05)with increasing inclusion of phytase.Reduced concentrations of inositol phosphate(IP)6 and IP5(quadratic;P<0.05),reduced IP4 and IP3(linear;P<0.05),but increased inositol concentrations(linear;P<0.05)were observed in ileal digesta as dietary phytase increased.The ATTD of P was maximized if at least 1,200 FTU/kg were used,whereas more than 4,000 FTU/kg were needed to maximize inositol release.Conclusions Increasing dietary levels of phytase after an 18-day adaptation period increased phytate and IP ester degradation and inositol release in the small intestine.Consequently,increasing dietary phytase resulted in improved digestibility of Ca,P,K,Na,and the first 4 limiting amino acids,and in increased concentrations of bone ash and plasma P and inositol.In a corn-soybean meal diet,maximum inositol release requires approximately 3,200 FTU/kg more phytase than that required for maximum P digestibility.
文摘Objective:To compare the effectiveness of inositol and metformin on the clinical characteristics,and endocrine and metabolic profiles of infertile polycystic ovarian syndrome(PCOS)women from Vietnam.Methods:From June 2018 to August 2022,a randomized trial was undertaken at the Hue Center for Endocrinology and Reproduction on infertile women aged 18 to 40 years with polycystic ovarian syndrome.The clinical,endocrine,and metabolic features of these individuals were assessed before and after 3 months of treatment with 2 g of inositol or 1700 mg of metformin per day.Natural pregnancy rates,adverse effects,and tolerance of inositol were recorded.Results:The study included 171 infertile PCOS women who were eligible to participate and took part in the baseline assessment,of whom 132 women participated in data analysis after 3 months.After metformin treatment,42.1%of women with oligomenorrhea experienced regular menstruation.Metformin significantly lowered body mass index(BMI),waist circumference and testosterone levels,but had no effect on other clinical characteristics,endocrine profiles,or metabolic profiles.29.2%Of women reported experiencing side effects.21%Of them attained pregnancy,which resulted in 17.1%of live births.In the inositol group,the rate of regular cycle increased by 18.2%and the total testosterone concentration significantly decreased.In overweight/obese women with PCOS,inositol significantly decreased weight,BMI,waist and hip circumferences(P<0.05).100%Of women tolerated inositol and continued treatment.18.9%Of them became pregnant,leading to 17%of live births.Conclusions:Metformin and inositol can improve weight and waist circumference in overweight/obese infertile women with PCOS.Metformin is associated with a higher rate of regular menstruation,whereas inositol is associated with a lower rate of adverse effects.The spontaneous conception,clinical pregnancy,and live birth rates between two groups are comparable.
文摘Inositol polyphosphate-4-phosphatase type II(INPP4B)is a newly discovered PI(3,4,5)P3 phosphatase.Many studies have revealed that INPP4B is upregulated or downregulated in tumors of the digestive system,and the abnormal expression of INPP4B may be attributed to the occurrence,development,and prognosis of tumors of the digestive system.This paper reviews studies on the correlations between INPP4B and digestive system tumors and the roles of INPP4B in the development of different tumors to provide a theoretical basis for further research on its molecular mechanism and clinical application."INPP4B"and"tumor"were searched as key words in PubMed and in the CNKI series full text database retrieval system from January 2000 to August 2023.A total of 153 Englishlanguage studies and 30 Chinese-language studies were retrieved.The following enrollment criteria were applied:(1)Studies contained information on the biological structure and functions of INPP4B;(2)studies covered the influence of abnormal expression of INPP4B in digestive system tumors;and(3)studies covered the role of INPP4B in the diagnosis,treatment,and prognosis of digestive system tumors.After excluding the literature irrelevant to this study,61 papers were finally included in the analysis.INPP4B expression is low in gastric cancer,colon cancer,pancreatic cancer,and liver cancer but it has high expression in esophageal cancer,colon cancer,pancreatic cancer,and gallbladder cancer.INPP4B is involved in the occurrence and development of digestive system tumors through the regulation of gene expression and signal transduction.The abnormal expression of INPP4B plays an important role in the development of digestive system tumors.Studies on INPP4B provide new molecular insights for the diagnosis,treatment,and prognosis evaluation of digestive system tumors.
文摘背景:近年来,有研究发现部分中药单体通过激活细胞自噬可缓解皮瓣氧化应激与细胞凋亡,促进皮瓣血管再生,防治皮瓣坏死。目的:综述中药单体调控细胞自噬防治皮瓣坏死的研究进展。方法:分别以“中药、细胞自噬、皮瓣”与“Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM),Autophagy,Skin flaps”为中英文检索词,由第一作者检索2010年1月至2022年10月发表在中国知网与PubMed数据库的相关文献,文献初筛共检索到相关文献196篇,以纳入和排除标准进行筛选,通过阅读文献标题与摘要进行质量评估,最终归纳整理55篇文献进行综述。结果与结论:(1)细胞自噬的调控是由AMPK/mTOR和PI3K/AKT等信号通路介导的,激活细胞自噬可缓解皮瓣氧化应激与细胞凋亡,促进皮瓣血管再生,防治皮瓣坏死。(2)中药单体中的萜类化合物(桦木酸、穿心莲内酯、三七三萜和梓醇)、酚类化合物(白藜芦醇、姜黄素和天麻素)、酚酸类化合物(丹酚酸B)及类固醇类化合物(拟人参皂甙F11)可通过调控相关信号通路激活细胞自噬来缓解皮瓣氧化应激与细胞凋亡,促进皮瓣血管再生,促皮瓣存活。(3)文章通过总结中药单体调控细胞自噬防治皮瓣坏死的研究进展,为临床上中药防治皮瓣坏死、促进皮瓣愈合提供参考与理论依据。
文摘目的:探讨烟酰胺磷酸核糖转移酶(NAMPT)在多发性骨髓瘤中的作用机制及其临床价值。方法:采用RT-q PCR和Western blot方法检测多发性骨髓瘤细胞和正常骨髓单个核细胞中NAMPT的表达水平,同时通过细胞增殖与凋亡实验、小干扰RNA沉默、过表达实验和染色质免疫共沉淀实验分析NAMPT的生物学功能。结果:多发性骨髓瘤细胞系(MM1R、MM1S、U266和RPMI-8226)中NAMPT m RNA和蛋白的表达水平较正常骨髓单个核细胞均显著升高(P<0.001),且在U266细胞中最明显。与Si-NC组相比,Si-NAMPT组转染24、48、72 h均显著抑制U266细胞增殖(P=0.006,P<0.001,P=0.001),转染48 h时U266细胞凋亡率升高显著(P<0.001)。与Flag-NC组比较,Flag-NAMPT组U266细胞增殖均显著升高(P=0.003,P=0.002,P<0.001),转染48 h时细胞凋亡率明显降低。在U266细胞中NAMPT的表达在转录水平受到XBP1的调控。用硼替佐米处理XBP1或NAMPT稳定敲除或经MKC3946预处理的U266细胞后细胞增殖率均显著下降,BAX m RNA和蛋白水平显著升高,BCL-2 m RNA和蛋白水平显著下调,Caspase-3裂解度显著下降,Caspase-3/7活性急剧增加(P<0.05)。结论:NAMPT在多发性骨髓瘤细胞系中高表达,促进多发性骨髓瘤细胞增殖,抑制细胞凋亡。在U266细胞中NAMPT受IRE1α-XBP1信号通路的转录调控。稳定敲除NAMPT或阻断IRE1α-XBP1通路可显著提高U266细胞对硼替佐米的敏感性。
基金supported by the European Regional Development Funds-European Union(ERDF-EU),FATZHEIMER project(EU-LAC HEALTH 2020,16/T010131 to FRdF),“Una manera de hacer Europa”Ministerio de Economía,Industria y Competitividad,Gobierno de Espa?a,Programa Estatal de Investigación,Desarrollo e Innovación Orientada a los Retos de la Sociedad(RTC2019-007329-1 to FRdF)+2 种基金Consejería de Economía,Conocimiento y Universidad,Junta de Andalucía,Plan Andaluz de Investigación,Desarrollo e Innovación(P18TP-5194 to FRdF)Instituto de Salud CarlosⅢ(DTS22/00021 to FRdF)DMV(FI20/00227)holds a“PFIS’’predoctoral contract from the National System of Health,EU-ERDF-Instituto de Salud CarlosⅢ。
文摘Alzheimer’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the amyloid accumulation in the brains of patients with Alzheimer’s disease.The pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease is mainly mediated by the phosphorylation and aggregation of tau protein.Among the multiple causes of tau hyperphosphorylation,brain insulin resistance has generated much attention,and inositols as insulin sensitizers,are currently considered candidates for drug development.The present narrative review revises the interactions between these three elements:Alzheimer’s disease-tau-inositols,which can eventually identify targets for new disease modifiers capable of bringing hope to the millions of people affected by this devastating disease.
文摘为进一步挖掘控制水稻抗倒伏的基因,以524份水稻种质资源为材料,采用GWAS(genome-wide association analysis)鉴定与抗倒伏性状显著关联的位点qRLG7,通过基因表达水平分析和候选基因关联分析确定调控水稻抗倒伏性的候选基因,在分析候选基因的表达特征和启动子区自然变异基础上利用CRISPR-Cas9技术构建2个候选基因的突变体家系,考察转基因材料的抗倒伏性状。结果显示,编码肌醇-1-单磷酸酶的2个串联排列基因LOC_Os07g37220和LOC_Os07g37230在离茎秆基部5 cm节间中的表达量显著高于其余候选基因,而且这2个候选基因的表达量在极端抗倒伏和易倒伏2组材料中存在极显著差异;通过候选基因关联分析发现这2个基因启动子区的SNP与离基部5 cm茎秆直径(CD5)的表型值显著关联,且基于显著关联SNP的2种单倍型的CD5表型值存在显著差异,这2个候选基因的2种单倍型启动子活性检测结果也表明2种单倍型之间存在极显著差异;2个基因的功能缺失突变体植株在基部节间抗折力、茎秆厚度、茎秆直径以及株高和穗质量等性状方面与野生型对照存在显著差异。结果表明,候选基因LOC_Os07g37220和LOC_Os07g37230具有一定的抗倒伏功能。
