Embodied Energy and CO2 Associated with Buildings by Using Input and Output Table in Japan

In July 2009, the 2005 basic Japanese input/output table was publicized together with its physical transaction table. This research paper analyzed the 2005 IO （input/output） table to create building industry-related intensities and, at the same time, compared the building industry with industries at large for distribution margins and transportation. The analysis of distribution margins separately for middle and purchaser margins found that middle margins in the building industry are minor at 35% of the averages for all industries, while purchaser margins are sizable at 1.8 times, proving that it is an industry for which local production for local consumption is quite effective. CO2 emissions resulting from transportation in the building industry were calculated and concisely characterized. Although the ratio of transportation CO2 emissions to total CO2 emissions in each industry finds almost no difference between general industries and the building industry, transportation CO2 emissions per production value are two to three times heavier than those from general industries to be justified as a transportation-intensive industry.

Metabolic Cycles: Effect of a Simultaneous Input and Output of Two Substrates

The metabolic cycle firstly considered here is composed of a unique initial substrate, six enzymes, and five empty boxes to accommodate the substrates derived from the transformation of the initial substrate. This cycle was considered as a pre-Closed Metabolic Cycle (CMC). Using this model, the influence of changing the kinetic constant values of any enzyme on the substrate concentration was explored. This model was transformed into an open metabolic cycle (OMC) by the input and output of two metabolites catalyzed by two external enzymes. In this case, the relative rates of input and output of metabolites were also examined;it can be concluded that the OMC cycles form delicate and fragile structures which can be theoretically disrupted, making them metabolically unfeasible.

Sustainable Intensification and Large-scale Operation of Cultivated Land Use at the Farmers’ Scale:A Case Study of Shandong Province,China

Sustainable intensification of cultivated land use(SICLU) and large-scale operations(LSO) are widely acknowledged strategies for enhancing agricultural performance.However,the existing literature has faced challenges in precisely defining SICLU and constructing comprehensive indicators,which has hindered the exploration of factors influencing LSO within the SICLU framework.To address this gap,we integrated self-efficacy theory into the design of an index framework for evaluating SICLU.We subsequently employed econometric models to analyze the significant factors that impact LSO.Our findings reveal that SICLU can be divided into four key dimensions:intensive management,efficient output,resource conservation,and ecological environment optimization.Furthermore,it is crucial to incorporate belief-based cognitive factors into the index system,as farmers’ understanding of fertilizer and pesticide application significantly influences their willingness to engage in LSO.Moreover,we identify grain market turnover as the most influential factor in promoting LSO,with single-factor contribution rates reaching 70.9% for cultivated land transfer willingness and 62.5% for the total planting areas.Interestingly,unlike irrigation and agricultural machinery inputs,increased labor inputs correspond to larger planting areas for farmers.This trend may be attributed to reduced labor availability because of rural labor migration,whereas the reduction in irrigation and agricultural input is contingent on innovations in production practices and the transfer of cultivated land management rights.Importantly,SICLU dynamically influences LSO,with each index related to SICLU having an optimal range that fosters LSO.These insights offer valuable guidance for policymakers,emphasizing farmers as their central focus,with the adjustment of input and output factors as a means to achieve LSO as the ultimate goal.In conclusion,we propose research avenues for further enriching the SICLU framework to ensure that it aligns with the specific characteristics of regional agricultural development.

The Balance of Language Input and Output in TEFL Classes for Chinese Students

For many years, Chinese students have been noticed to be doing remarkably well in some English tests concerning listening and reading skills,such as TOEFL(USA) and GRE(USA). But in some other English tests which focus more on speaking and writing skills,e.g.TSE (Test of Spoken English, USA),BEC (Business English Certificate, GB) and some real communication situations, they are found to be much less proficient. In the meanwhile, many university graduates, who had already learned English

Global solution and blow-up solution for a nonlinear damped beam with source term

A nonlinear damped system with boundary input and output, which also has source term, is studied in this paper. It is proved that under some conditions the system has global solution and blow-up solution.

Energy efficiency and economic growth of China:1953-2006

Energy plays an important role in the economic life. With the rapid development of economy, the constraint of energy on the sustainable development of economy is becoming more and more obvious. This paper just Studies the factors influencing energy efficiency of China and the relationship between energy efficiency and China＇s economic： growth. By using time series multivariable linear regression methods with China＇s relevant data from 1953 to 2006, this paper constructs the regression model to analyze the factors that would impact energy, efficiency. After that, a regression model of China＇s real output to capital, labor and energy e lficiency is conducted to estimate the marginal contribution of every factor to the real output to prove the fundamental influence of energy efficiency to the economic growth. In the end, some policies and recommendations are also put forward in order to improve the energy efficiency; of China.

Biogeochemical Cycle and Residue of Extraneous Rare Earth Elements in Agricultural Ecosystem

Four groups of field experiments including foliage dressing with a regular amount of rare earth elements (REEs), soil dressing with a regular amount of REEs, soil dressing with a triple regular amount of REEs and the control were carried out in Panggezhuang Village, Daxing County, Beijing, where REE fertilizers are widely applied. The input and output fluxes of all kinds of REEs in the soil and plant system were measured using ICP-MS. The results show that the total amount of REEs carried by rain, snow, irrigation water, composite fertilizer and dust is at a very low level in the control field, which is only about 19.3 g·nm^(-1) per year. The amounts of REE input in the fields with application of extraneous REEs are much higher than that under control. The total amounts of REE input in the fields with foliage dressing and soil dressing are 9.7 and 106 times higher than that under control, respectively. However, the total outputs of REEs via wheat and infiltrated water are quite similar among the four experimental fields. Uptake of wheat is the main way of output and concentrations of REEs in different organs follow a descending order of roots>leaves>stems>crusts>seeds. Based on calculation, the amount of REE output is slightly higher than that of input in the control field, which implies that it is hard for REEs to accumulate in the soils without application of REE fertilizers. In the fields with the application of extraneous REEs, the amount of REEs in soils can increase with the increasing input of REEs. If REE-fertilizers are applied regularly via soil dressing with the ordinary amount, the concentrations of REEs in the surface soils may double in 159 years. The speed of REE accumulation with foliage dressing is much lower than that with soil dressing, and it needs 2008 years to double the concentrations of REEs in surface soils.

Existence of Periodic Solutions for an Output Hidden Feedback Elman Neural Network

We first recall the sufficient conditions for the existence of a periodic output of a modified Elman neural network with a periodic input found by using Mawhin’s continuation theorem of coincidence degree theory. Using this result, we obtain sufficient conditions for the existence of a periodic output for an output hidden feedback Elman neural network with a periodic input. Examples illustrating these sufficient conditions are given.

Factors Affecting the Ratio of Service Industry in GDP： A Comparative Analysis of China, Japan, and South Korea

Based on the input-output model and using a demand side approach, this paper surveys how factors such as consumption, investment, net export, intermediate input and price affect the ratio of China＇s service industry as compared with Japan and South Korea. An analysis of China＇s data indicates that price and residential consumption structure are key contributing factors to the rising ratio of the service industry. Conversely, intermediate input and government consumption are factors that lead to a decrease in the ratio of the service industry. An analysis of Japan and South Korea shows that price and residential consumption structures were linked to the rises in their service industry. This paper concludes that the ratio of China＇s service industry to gross domestic product （GDP） will continue to rise over the 12th Five-Year Plan period （2011-2015） and beyond.

High resolution 3D nonlinear integrated inversion

The high resolution 3D nonlinear integrated inversion method is based on nonlinear theory. Under layer control, the log data from several wells （or all wells） in the study area and seismic trace data adjacent to the wells are input to a network with multiple inputs and outputs and are integratedly trained to obtain an adaptive weight function of the entire study area. Integrated nonlinear mapping relationships are built and updated by the lateral and vertical geologic variations of the reservoirs. Therefore, the inversion process and its inversion results can be constrained and controlled and a stable seismic inversion section with high resolution with velocity inversion, impedance inversion, and density inversion sections, can be gained. Good geologic effects have been obtained in model computation tests and real data processing, which verified that this method has high precision, good practicality, and can be used for quantitative reservoir analysis.

Improved Multicast Traffic Scheduling Scheme in the Packet-Switching Systems

This paper proposes a new switching scheme of switch fabric, which is named Multicast-enabled Protocol Agnostic Forwarding Engine (M-PAFE). M-PAFE is a central scheduling crossbar-based switch fabric with embedded Combined Input and Output Queue from the queuing view. An extra switching path is dedicated for multicast cell processing in M-PAFE. And the simulation results are provided to evaluate the performance of M-PAFE in comparison with ESLIP, which is a well-known algorithm implemented in Cisco 12000 routers.