Analysis of High Alert Medication Knowledge of Medical Staff in Tianjin:A Convenient Sampling Survey in China

The current situation of medical staff＇s awareness about high alert medication was investigated in order to promote safe medication and standardized management of the high alert medication in China. Twenty questions were designed concerning elementary knowledge of high alert medications, storage management, medication issues and risks. In order to understand the knowledge level and education status of high alert medication, a convenient survey was conducted among 300 medical staffs in Tianjin. Medical staff＇s average score of high alert medication knowledge was 12.43±0.27, and the average scores of elementary knowledge of high alert medication, storage management, medication issues and risks were 3.38±0.11, 2.46±0.14, 3.17±0.11 and 3.41±0.12 respectively. Occupation（F=4.86, P=0.003）, education background（F=5.57, P=0.019） and professional titles（F=13.44, P≤0.001） contributed to the high alert medications knowledge scores. Currently, the most important channel to obtain high alert medication knowledge was hospital files or administrative rules, and clinical pharmacist seminars were the most popular education form. It was suggested that the high alert medication knowledge level of the medical staff needs to increase, and it might benefit from targeted, systematic and diverse training to the medical staff working in the different circulation nodes of the medications. Further research to develop and validate the instrument is needed.

Development and Validation of an Instrument to Measure STEM Undergraduate Students’ Comprehensive Educational Process

This study reports the development and validation of an instrument,“Undergraduate STEM Educational Process Questionnaire”(USEPQ)to assess the learning experiences of STEM(science,technology,engineering and mathematics)-major undergraduates from the perspective of a conceptualized comprehensive STEM educational process framework that consists of key essentials such as course learning and instruction,educational environment,assessment methods,and unique STEM attributes.Exploration Factor Analysis and Confirmatory Factor Analysis performed on independent samples indicate that the finalized 9-factor,41-item USEPQ possesses a stable factor structure and sound psychometric properties.The factors of the validated scale are Classroom Instruction of Courses,Support from Faculty Members,Alternative Assessment Methods,Cooperative Learning,Resources and Service,Academic Competition,Cross-discipline Features of Program Courses,Connectedness of Program Courses,and Examination Difficulty.

PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF VALIDATION OF A NEW PATIENT-REPORTED OUTCOME INSTRUMENT FOR ADVANCED CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE

The uremic symptoms of advanced chronic kidney disease(CKD)can severely impair physical function,psychological health and social life.Some patients,especially for the older,chose conservative kidney management(CKM)and Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)but not dialysis in this stage.To measure the patients-reported outcome(PRO)from these people,Advanced Chronic Kidney

Explaining the state-owned enterprise wage premium in China:is it unobserved heterogeneity?

State-owned enterprises(SOEs)in China pay higher wages thanprivate firms.Is it because SOEs pay their workers wage premiumor because they employ high-quality workforce?Using the latestmethods and data,this paper accounts for the unobserved heterogeneity and estimates the SOE wage premium for the period1995–2013.It is found that the wage premium has diminishedsince 1995 and has become insignificant since 2000.The significant wage gap between SOEs and non-SOEs can be explained bythe fact that SOEs recruit high-quality workforce in correlationwith SOEs’industrial composition.This paper also evaluates theinstruments used in the previous studies and rejects themthrough validity tests.The evidence suggests that the labour market in China is not segmented by ownership.