Fractal Dimension Analysis Based Aging State Assessment of Insulating Paper with Surface Microscopic Images

The insulating paper of the transformer is affected by many factors during the operation,meanwhile,the surface texture of the paper is easy to change.To explore the relationship between the aging state and surface texture change of insulating paper,firstly,the thermal aging experiment of insulating paper is carried out,and the insulating paper samples with different aging times are obtained.After then,the images of the aged insulating paper samples are collected and pre-processed.The pre-processing effect is verified by constructing and calculating the gray surface of the sample.Secondly,the texture features of the insulating paper image are extracted by box dimension and multifractal spectrum.Based on that,the extreme learning machine(ELM)is taken as the classification tool with texture features and aging time as the input and output,to train the algorithm and construct the corresponding relationship between the texture feature and the aging time.After then,the insulating paper with unknown aging time is predicted with a trained ELMalgorithm.The numerical test results show that the texture features extracted from the fractal dimension of the micro image can effectively characterize the aging state of insulating paper,the average accuracy can reach 91.6%.It proves that the fractal dimension theory can be utilized for assessing the aging state of insulating paper for onsite applications.

Research progress on low dielectric constant modification of cellulose insulating paper for power transformers

Because of the increase in the transmission voltage levels,the demand for insulation reliability of power transformers has increasingly become critical.Cellulose insulating paper is the main insulating component of power transformers.To improve the insulation level of ultrahigh voltage transformers and reduce their weight and size,reducing the dielectric constant of oil-immersed cellulose insulating paper is highly desired.Cellulose is used to produce power-transformer insulating papers owing to its excellent electrical properties,renewability,biodegradability and abundance.The dielectric constant of a cellulose insulating paper can be effectively reduced by chemical or physical modification.This study presents an overview of the foreign and domestic research status of the use of modification technology to reduce the dielectric constant of cellulose insulating papers.All the mentioned methods are analyzed in this study.Finally,some recommendations for future modified cellulose insulating paper research and applications are proposed.This paper can provide a reference for further research on low dielectric constant cellulose insulating paper in the future.

热应力与电-热复合应力下油纸绝缘老化特性的比较研究(英文)

During the operation of power transformer,its oil-paper insulation is continuously subjected to various stresses,c.g.,the thermal,electrical,mechanical,and chemical stresses,which cause insulation aging gradually.It has been considered that the combined thermal and electrical stresses are the most important and unavoidable factors that induce insulation materials aging.In this work,accelerated aging experiments of oil-impregnated pressboards under combined thermal(130℃) and electrical stresses(4 kV/mm) are performed,while the aging experiments under single thermal stress are also carried out at the corresponding temperature(130℃).The electrical and physic-chemical properties of oil,including dielectric losses factor tanδ,resistivity,acid value and pH value etc.,are measured during the aging process.Dissolved gasses in oil and polymerization degree of cellulose are also measured.The relationship between these properties of oil-paper insulation and aging time is investigated.The results show that dissolved gases in oil,resistivity,tanδof oil under combined thermal and electrical stresses are obviously different from that tinder thermal stress during aging process while some other properties show similar changing trend.For cellulose, compared with the single thermal aging results,it even shows a slower degradation rate in the presence of electrical stress.

Comparative Evaluation of the Thermal Aging of Solid Insulation in Mineral Oil and Methyl Ester of Palm Kernel Oil

The purpose of this work is to determine the impact of thermal aging on the dielectric and physicochemical properties of the oil/paper mixed insulation. We performed a comparative analysis of dielectric paper dipped in two cooling fluids: palm kernel oil methyl ester (MEPKO) and mineral oil (MO). Two types of dielectric paper were used: Thermally Upgraded Kraft paper (TUK) and Nomex-910 paper (NP-910). An accelerated aging test was realized at 110°C during a total of 96 hours. Samples of oil and paper were collected after 0, 48, 72 and 96 hours for analyses purposes. The analyses performed included the measurement of the Breakdown voltage (BDV) of the dielectric papers, the Total Acid Number (TAN) and the Decay Dissolved Products (DDP) of the liquid dielectrics. The BDV of NP-910 is greater than the BDV of TUK. Concerning the type of oil, the BDV of dielectric papers impregnated with MEPKO is greater than the BDV of similar papers impregnated with MO, indicating a better preservation of paper when dipped in methyl esters. The analyses of TAN and DDP revealed that Nomex-910 improves the oxidation stability of MO, but reduces the oxidation stability of MEPKO. These results prove that methyl esters can be used as a substitute to replace mineral oils in power transformers. Furthermore, they show that NP can be used mainly in areas of transformer where solid insulation is subjected to high thermal and electrical stress, and TUK other places where solid insulation is required. Such combination could assure money savings and a better preservation of the oil viscosity.

Charge Transport in Oil Impregnated Paper Insulation Under Temperature Gradient Using Transient Upstream FEM

Charge transport in oil impregnated paper impacts the insulation performance of a transformer.This paper proposes a simulation method for the charge transport in oil impregnated paper insulation.The transient upstream finite element method(FEM)is applied to the transport equations of bipolar charges for establishing a numerical simulation model of charge transport in oil impregnated paper insulation.The method is validated by experimental results.The charge transport and electric field distribution in single-layer oil impregnated paper insulation under different temperature gradients is simulated.The trends of the simulation results are seen to agree with the corresponding experimental results.This paper conducts exploratory research into the simulation of charge transportation phenomenon in oil impregnated paper,and is of importance to the design of oil impregnated paper insulation.