BACKGROUND： Insulin receptor （IR） expression in the substantia nigra of patients with Parkinson disease （PD） is not only significantly lower than that in the substantia nigra of normal persons of the same age, bu...BACKGROUND： Insulin receptor （IR） expression in the substantia nigra of patients with Parkinson disease （PD） is not only significantly lower than that in the substantia nigra of normal persons of the same age, but also significantly lower than that in other regions in brain of himself/herself. It suggests that the abnormal effect of insulin receptor-mediated insulin, as a neurotrophic factor, is very possibly related to the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and striatum in patients with Parkinson disease. OBJECTIVE ： TO observe the interventional effect of insulin on 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion （MPP^＋）-induced apoptosis of PC12. DESIGN： Controlled observation SETTINGS： Department of Neurology, Beijing China-Japan Friendship Hospital; Department of Neurology Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University. MATERIALS： PC12 cells were provided by the Cell Bank, Shanghai Institute of Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Science. MPP^＋, MTT, HOECHST 33258 （Invitrogen Life Technologies）, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR） reagent （Takara Shuzo Co., Ltd.）, flow cytometer （Bacton Dickionson, San Jose, CA）, enzyme labelling instrument （Bio-Tek, Winooski, VT） and PCR circulation instrument （Takara Shuzo Co., Ltd） were used in this study. METHODS ： This study was carried out in the Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University during June 2003 to August 2004. （1） Cell culture and experimental grouping： PC12 cells were cultured according to the method from Peng et al, then were randomized into 3 groups; blank control group, MPP^＋ group and insulin group. （2） Detection of relative survival rate of cells： The relative survival rate of cells at different MPP^＋ final concentrations （0, 50, 100, 200, 300, 1 000 μmol/L） and at different culture time （0, 4, 8, 12, 18, 24 hours） in the 300 Fmol/L MPP^＋ group and different concentrations of insulin （0, 15, 50, 100 nmol/L） in the insulin group was detected with MTT method according to the method from Hansen et al. （3） Observation of cell apoptosis： After stained by HOECHST 33258, the apoptotic cells were observed under the fluorescence miscroscope with the method from Chen et al. （4） Dection of apoptotic rate of cells： Apoptotic rate of cells was detected with flow cytometry according to the method from Zhang et al. （5） The expression of tyrosine hydroxylase （TH） mRNA in PC12 cells was detected with RT-PCR methods according to the modified method from Peng et al. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES ： Comparison of relative survival rate, apoptosis rate, the expression of IR mRNA and TH mRNA and cell apoptosis. RESULTS： （1） After 12-hour incubation of 100, 200, 300 and 1 000 μmol/L MPP^＋, the relative survival rate of PC12 cells was （72.88±2.91）%, （60.64±0.81）%, （54.56±0.76）% and （16.89±2.83）%, respectively, which was significantly lower than that of blank control group （100%, P 〈 0.05）; After 12, 18 and 24-hour incubation, the relative survival rate of PC12 cells was （54.56±0.76）%, （42.43±0.16）% and （23.56±0.17）% respectively, which was significantly lower than that of blank control group （100%, P〈 0.05）; When 15, 50 and 100 nmol/L insulin was pre-added to cells, the relative survival rate was （70.10±0.16）%, （78.01 ±2.43）% and （83.55±1.43）%, respectively, which was significantly higher than MPP^＋ alone [（54.56±0.76）%, P 〈 0.05]. （2） Appototic bodies were rarely seen in the blank control group, but densely gathered in the MPP^＋ group and were significantly decreased in the insulin group. （3） Apoptosis rate of PC12 cells in the MPP^＋ group was significantly higher than that in the blank control group [（36.56±0.89）% vs. （2.34±0.23）%, P〈 0.05], and that in the 15, 50, 100 nmol/L insulin group [（30.01±0.04）%, （24.23±0.37）%, （20.01 ±1.01）%, respectivelyl was significantly lower than that in MPP^＋ group （P 〈 0.05）. （4） The TH mRNA expression in PC12 cells in MPP^＋ group was significantly lower than that in blank control group; The expression of TH mRNA in insulin group was gradually increased in an insulin dose-dependent manner. There were no significant changes in the expression of IR mRNA under different experimental conditions. CONCLUSION： Insulin can resist MPP^＋-induced apoptosis of PC12 cells, lessen the damage of PC12 cells, but does not change the gene expression of target cell insulin receptor.展开更多
According to the report of the International Diabetes Federation, there were 382 million people affected with diabetes in 2013 and it is expected that this number will increase to 592 million by the year 2035;. Diabet...According to the report of the International Diabetes Federation, there were 382 million people affected with diabetes in 2013 and it is expected that this number will increase to 592 million by the year 2035;. Diabetes is caused due to the interaction between environmental and genetic factors;.展开更多
Background: Changes in the day-to-day variability in the glucose-lowering effect of insulin [fluctuations of blood glucose levels (BG) seen during the same time period] that occur when insulin glargine (glargine) is r...Background: Changes in the day-to-day variability in the glucose-lowering effect of insulin [fluctuations of blood glucose levels (BG) seen during the same time period] that occur when insulin glargine (glargine) is replaced with insulin degludec (degludec) have not been sufficiently evaluated. Subjects: Five diabetics with unstable BG undergoing basal-bolus treatment using insulin glargine as basal insulin. Methods: Basal insulin was changed from glargine to same-dose degludec. The subjects’ HbA1c, glycoalbumin, and 1.5-anhydro-D-glucitol were measured before and after the switchover. Fasting blood glucose concentration (FBG) and predinner blood glucose concentration (PDBG) were measured continuously for 28 days immediately before the switchover, and 28 days immediately thereafter, to compare and evaluate 1) the changes in their mean values and standard deviations (SDs) before and after the switchover, and 2) the frequency of appearance of BG of over 180 mg/dL (BG ≥ 180) and under 70 mg/dL (BG Results: The levels of HbA1c, glycoalbumin, FBG’s mean value, SDs, BG ≥ 180 and BG Conclusion: The possibility was shown that degludec, to a greater extent than glargine, suppressed daily fluctuations of FBG and PDBG, suppressed the occurrence frequency of hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia, and exerted more steady hypoglycemic actions.展开更多
The benefits of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) and angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) beyond blood pressure reduction have been proven through many large studies (HOPE, LIFE) in high risk CVD patie... The benefits of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) and angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) beyond blood pressure reduction have been proven through many large studies (HOPE, LIFE) in high risk CVD patients;1 post hoc studies have shown reductions in new onset type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). ……展开更多
目的探究二甲双胍与门冬胰岛素联合治疗2型糖尿病(Diabetes Mellitus Type 2,T2DM)对血糖的控制效果。方法选取2021年6月—2023年6月吉林省人民医院收治的100例T2DM患者为研究对象,以投掷硬币法分为参照组(n=50,二甲双胍治疗)、观察组(n...目的探究二甲双胍与门冬胰岛素联合治疗2型糖尿病(Diabetes Mellitus Type 2,T2DM)对血糖的控制效果。方法选取2021年6月—2023年6月吉林省人民医院收治的100例T2DM患者为研究对象,以投掷硬币法分为参照组(n=50,二甲双胍治疗)、观察组(n=50,二甲双胍与门冬胰岛素联合治疗)。比较两组临床治疗效果、不良反应总发生率、血糖控制情况及血清炎性因子水平。结果观察组治疗总有效率(96.00%)高于参照组(84.00%),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.000,P<0.05)。两组不良反应总发生率对比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与治疗前相比,两组治疗半年后血糖水平、白细胞介素-6、白细胞介素-12水平均降低、白细胞介素-10水平升高,且观察组上述指标优于参照组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论二甲双胍与门冬胰岛素联合治疗T2DM患者时可提高疗效,患者血糖控制情况更佳,血清炎性因子水平也得到明显改善,安全性较高。展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND： Insulin receptor （IR） expression in the substantia nigra of patients with Parkinson disease （PD） is not only significantly lower than that in the substantia nigra of normal persons of the same age, but also significantly lower than that in other regions in brain of himself/herself. It suggests that the abnormal effect of insulin receptor-mediated insulin, as a neurotrophic factor, is very possibly related to the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and striatum in patients with Parkinson disease. OBJECTIVE ： TO observe the interventional effect of insulin on 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion （MPP^＋）-induced apoptosis of PC12. DESIGN： Controlled observation SETTINGS： Department of Neurology, Beijing China-Japan Friendship Hospital; Department of Neurology Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University. MATERIALS： PC12 cells were provided by the Cell Bank, Shanghai Institute of Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Science. MPP^＋, MTT, HOECHST 33258 （Invitrogen Life Technologies）, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR） reagent （Takara Shuzo Co., Ltd.）, flow cytometer （Bacton Dickionson, San Jose, CA）, enzyme labelling instrument （Bio-Tek, Winooski, VT） and PCR circulation instrument （Takara Shuzo Co., Ltd） were used in this study. METHODS ： This study was carried out in the Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University during June 2003 to August 2004. （1） Cell culture and experimental grouping： PC12 cells were cultured according to the method from Peng et al, then were randomized into 3 groups; blank control group, MPP^＋ group and insulin group. （2） Detection of relative survival rate of cells： The relative survival rate of cells at different MPP^＋ final concentrations （0, 50, 100, 200, 300, 1 000 μmol/L） and at different culture time （0, 4, 8, 12, 18, 24 hours） in the 300 Fmol/L MPP^＋ group and different concentrations of insulin （0, 15, 50, 100 nmol/L） in the insulin group was detected with MTT method according to the method from Hansen et al. （3） Observation of cell apoptosis： After stained by HOECHST 33258, the apoptotic cells were observed under the fluorescence miscroscope with the method from Chen et al. （4） Dection of apoptotic rate of cells： Apoptotic rate of cells was detected with flow cytometry according to the method from Zhang et al. （5） The expression of tyrosine hydroxylase （TH） mRNA in PC12 cells was detected with RT-PCR methods according to the modified method from Peng et al. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES ： Comparison of relative survival rate, apoptosis rate, the expression of IR mRNA and TH mRNA and cell apoptosis. RESULTS： （1） After 12-hour incubation of 100, 200, 300 and 1 000 μmol/L MPP^＋, the relative survival rate of PC12 cells was （72.88±2.91）%, （60.64±0.81）%, （54.56±0.76）% and （16.89±2.83）%, respectively, which was significantly lower than that of blank control group （100%, P 〈 0.05）; After 12, 18 and 24-hour incubation, the relative survival rate of PC12 cells was （54.56±0.76）%, （42.43±0.16）% and （23.56±0.17）% respectively, which was significantly lower than that of blank control group （100%, P〈 0.05）; When 15, 50 and 100 nmol/L insulin was pre-added to cells, the relative survival rate was （70.10±0.16）%, （78.01 ±2.43）% and （83.55±1.43）%, respectively, which was significantly higher than MPP^＋ alone [（54.56±0.76）%, P 〈 0.05]. （2） Appototic bodies were rarely seen in the blank control group, but densely gathered in the MPP^＋ group and were significantly decreased in the insulin group. （3） Apoptosis rate of PC12 cells in the MPP^＋ group was significantly higher than that in the blank control group [（36.56±0.89）% vs. （2.34±0.23）%, P〈 0.05], and that in the 15, 50, 100 nmol/L insulin group [（30.01±0.04）%, （24.23±0.37）%, （20.01 ±1.01）%, respectivelyl was significantly lower than that in MPP^＋ group （P 〈 0.05）. （4） The TH mRNA expression in PC12 cells in MPP^＋ group was significantly lower than that in blank control group; The expression of TH mRNA in insulin group was gradually increased in an insulin dose-dependent manner. There were no significant changes in the expression of IR mRNA under different experimental conditions. CONCLUSION： Insulin can resist MPP^＋-induced apoptosis of PC12 cells, lessen the damage of PC12 cells, but does not change the gene expression of target cell insulin receptor.
基金partially supported by Jipai Runda Environmental Inspection Technology Corporation Limited of Beijing [Grant No.2016YX137]the grant of research on management model of common chronic diseases [Grant No.371182093427]
文摘According to the report of the International Diabetes Federation, there were 382 million people affected with diabetes in 2013 and it is expected that this number will increase to 592 million by the year 2035;. Diabetes is caused due to the interaction between environmental and genetic factors;.
文摘Background: Changes in the day-to-day variability in the glucose-lowering effect of insulin [fluctuations of blood glucose levels (BG) seen during the same time period] that occur when insulin glargine (glargine) is replaced with insulin degludec (degludec) have not been sufficiently evaluated. Subjects: Five diabetics with unstable BG undergoing basal-bolus treatment using insulin glargine as basal insulin. Methods: Basal insulin was changed from glargine to same-dose degludec. The subjects’ HbA1c, glycoalbumin, and 1.5-anhydro-D-glucitol were measured before and after the switchover. Fasting blood glucose concentration (FBG) and predinner blood glucose concentration (PDBG) were measured continuously for 28 days immediately before the switchover, and 28 days immediately thereafter, to compare and evaluate 1) the changes in their mean values and standard deviations (SDs) before and after the switchover, and 2) the frequency of appearance of BG of over 180 mg/dL (BG ≥ 180) and under 70 mg/dL (BG Results: The levels of HbA1c, glycoalbumin, FBG’s mean value, SDs, BG ≥ 180 and BG Conclusion: The possibility was shown that degludec, to a greater extent than glargine, suppressed daily fluctuations of FBG and PDBG, suppressed the occurrence frequency of hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia, and exerted more steady hypoglycemic actions.
文摘 The benefits of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) and angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) beyond blood pressure reduction have been proven through many large studies (HOPE, LIFE) in high risk CVD patients;1 post hoc studies have shown reductions in new onset type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). ……
文摘目的 分析2型糖尿病(T2DM)采取长效胰岛素+口服降糖药治疗的效果。方法 96例T2DM患者,随机分为观察组和对照组,每组48例。对照组给予口服降糖药治疗,观察组给予长效胰岛素+口服降糖药治疗。比较两组患者治疗前后的血糖[糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、餐后2 h血糖(2 h PG)、空腹血糖(FPG)]水平、生活质量(总体健康、精力、社会功能、心理健康、躯体疼痛、躯体角色功能、情绪角色功能、躯体健康)评分以及不良反应发生情况(体重增加、低血糖)、治疗效果。结果 治疗后,观察组患者HbA1c(6.20±0.91)%、2 h PG(8.63±1.37)mmol/L、FPG(5.83±0.72)mmol/L均低于对照组的(8.34±1.15)%、(9.56±1.60)mmol/L、(7.91±1.31)mmol/L,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组不良反应发生率2.08%(1/48)低于对照组的14.58%(7/48),差异具有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.909,P<0.05)。治疗后,观察组患者总体健康评分(63.25±4.48)分、精力评分(74.25±4.54)分、社会功能评分(83.67±3.91)分、心理健康评分(81.48±4.25)分、躯体疼痛评分(74.48±6.38)分、躯体角色功能评分(73.54±4.18)分、情绪角色功能评分(84.54±3.67)分、躯体健康评分(71.37±4.28)分;对照组患者总体健康评分(54.54±3.25)分、精力评分(61.22±4.01)分、社会功能评分(76.32±2.75)分、心理健康评分(61.24±3.75)分、躯体疼痛评分(66.58±4.70)分、躯体角色功能评分(61.24±4.42)分、情绪角色功能评分(73.05±2.50)分、躯体健康评分(52.31±2.76)分。观察组患者总体健康、精力、社会功能、心理健康、躯体疼痛、躯体角色功能、情绪角色功能、躯体健康评分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组治疗总有效率95.83%高于对照组的79.17%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 长效胰岛素联合口服降糖药物对T2DM治疗可有效改善血糖水平,降低不良反应发生率,提升疗效。
文摘目的探究二甲双胍与门冬胰岛素联合治疗2型糖尿病(Diabetes Mellitus Type 2,T2DM)对血糖的控制效果。方法选取2021年6月—2023年6月吉林省人民医院收治的100例T2DM患者为研究对象,以投掷硬币法分为参照组(n=50,二甲双胍治疗)、观察组(n=50,二甲双胍与门冬胰岛素联合治疗)。比较两组临床治疗效果、不良反应总发生率、血糖控制情况及血清炎性因子水平。结果观察组治疗总有效率(96.00%)高于参照组(84.00%),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.000,P<0.05)。两组不良反应总发生率对比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与治疗前相比,两组治疗半年后血糖水平、白细胞介素-6、白细胞介素-12水平均降低、白细胞介素-10水平升高,且观察组上述指标优于参照组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论二甲双胍与门冬胰岛素联合治疗T2DM患者时可提高疗效,患者血糖控制情况更佳,血清炎性因子水平也得到明显改善,安全性较高。
