INTEGRATED ANALYSIS APPROACHES TO ROCK MECHANICS PROBLEMS

In order to effectively cope with exponent increase of the complexity faced to the rock mechanics analysis problems and the large incompatibility existing between the information level required to model the rock mass and engineering and our obtainable information level at hand,the integrated approaches with intelligent characters are proposed. Many previous standard methods,such as precedent type analysis,rock classification,analytic method stress-based,basic numerical methods (BEM,FEM,DEM,hybrid),and their extended numerical methods (fully coupled) to be developed,can be selected respectively or integrated accordingly. It is alternative to develop basic/fully integrated system,and internet-based approaches. These novel methods can also be selected or integrated each other or with the standard methods to perform rock mechanics analysis. Some key techniques to develop these alternative methods are discussed. It may focus in future on developing fully integrated systems and internet-based approaches. Developing an environmental,virtual facility/space shall be firstly done for this collaborative research on internet.

Structural and Conceptual Design Analysis of an Axial Compressor for a 100 MW Industrial Gas Turbine (IND100)

The structural design of the IND100 axial compressor requires a multistage interrelationship between the thermodynamic, aerodynamic, mechanical design and structural integrity analysis of the component. These design criteria, sometimes act in opposition, hence engineering balance is employed within the specified design performance limits. This paper presents the structural and conceptual design of a sixteen stage single shaft high pressure compressor of IND100 with an overall pressure ratio of 12 and mass flow of 310 kg/s at ISOSLS conditions. Furthermore, in order to evaluate the conceptual design analysis, basic parameters like compressor sizing, load and blade mass, disc stress analysis, bearings and material selections, conceptual disc design and rotor dynamics are considered using existing tools and analytical technique. These techniques employed the basic thermodynamic and aerodynamic theory of axial flow compressors to determine the temperature and pressure for all stages, geometrical parameters, velocity triangle, and weight and stress calculations of the compressor disc using Sagerser Empirical Weight Estimation. The result analysis shows a constant hub diameter annulus configuration with compressor overall axial length of 3.75 m, tip blade speed of 301 m/s, maximum blade centrifugal force stress of 170 MPa, with major emphasis on industrial application for the structural component design selections.

Study on Integrated Thermal Cycle and Vibration Profile for HALT

Focusing on electronic products,this paper establishes a finite element model for printed circuit board(PCB)assembling with enhanced ball grid array(EBGA)component under vibration environment.Based on this model,it studies relations between fatigue rate of solder joint and temperature,vibration frequency.Moreover,it analyzes propagation of micro-crack produced by thermal cycle under vibration stress.The results offer a method to optimize the thermal cycle and vibration integrated profile and to combine vibration test and thermal cycling for highly accelerated life test(HALT).

Mechanical analysis of C/C composite grids in ion optical system

The ion thruster is an engine with high specific impulse for satellites and spacecrafts,which uses electric energy to boost the spacecraft.The ion optical system,also known as gate assemblies which consist of acceleration and screen grids,is the key component of the ion thruster.In this paper,the static mechanical properties of the C/C composite grids are evaluated based on the structural design.Representative volume element (RVE) is adopted to simplify the braded composite structure as a continuum material.The dynamical behavior of the 100 mm ion thruster optics in the launch environment (1000g shock-load) is numerically modeled and simulated with the half-sine pulse method.The impact response of the C/C and molybdenum gate assemblies on the stress distribution and deformation is investigated.The simulated results indicate that the magnitudes of the normal displacement of the composite grids subject to the uniformly distributed load are on the same level as molybdenum grids although the normal stiffness of the composite grids is much smaller.When subject to impact loading,the stress distribution in the C/C composite grids is similar to molybdenum grids while the stress magnitude is much smaller.This finding shows that the C/C gate assemblies outperform molybdenum grids and meet the requirement of long lifetime service in space travel.

BRIDGE-TOUGHENING ANALYSIS OF THE FIBER REINFORCED COMPOSITE CONTAINING INTERPHASE EFFECT

A detailed fracture mechanics analysis of bridge-toughening in a fiber reinforced composite is presented in this paper. The integral equation governing bridge-toughening as well as crack opening displacement (COD) for the composite with interfacial layer is derived from the Castigliano's theorem and interface shear-lag model. A numerical result of the COD equation is obtained using the iteration solution of the second Fredholm integral equation. In order to investigate the effect of various parameters on the toughening, an approximate analytical solution of the equation is present and its error analysis is performed, which demonstrates the approximate solution to be appropriate. A parametric study of the influence of the crack length, interfacial shear modules, thickness of the interphase, fiber radius, fiber volume fraction and properties of materials on composite toughening is therefore carried out. The results are useful for experimental demonstration and toughening design including the fabrication process of the composite.

Approach for Obtaining Material Mechanical Properties in Local Region of Structure Based on Accurate Analysis of Micro-indentation Test

The hot or cold processing would induce the change and the inhomogeneous of the material mechanical properties in the local processing region of the structure,and it is difficult to obtain the specific mechanical properties in these regions by using the traditional material tensile test.To accurately get actual material mechanical properties in the local region of structure,a micro-indentation test system incorporated by an electronic universal material test device has been established.An indenter displacement sensor and a group of special micro-indenter assemblies are estab-lished.A numerical indentation inversion analysis method by using ABAQUS software is also proposed in this study.Based on the above test system and analysis platform,an approach to obtaining material mechanical properties in the local region of structures is proposed and established.The ball indentation test is performed and combined with the energy method by using various changed mechanical properties of 316L austenitic stainless steel under differ-ent elongations.The investigated results indicate that the material mechanical properties and the micro-indentation morphological changes have evidently relevance.Compared with the tensile test results,the deviations of material mechanical parameters,such as hardness H,the hardening exponent n,the yield strength σy and others are within 5%obtained through the indentation test and the finite element analysis.It provides an effective and convenient method for obtaining the actual material mechanical properties in the local processing region of the structure.

Mechanical Analysis of Multi-Component Tissues

Collagen is the major structural fiber found in mammalian tissues. It is a protein in the form of a triple-helix which is found in several subfamilies, the most abundant of which is the fiber forming group containing Types I, II and III. Type I collagen is found in tendons, skin, cornea, bone, lung and vessel walls. This collagen is thought to give rise to the high tensile strengths of collagen fibers in tissues;in addition, it is actively involved in other physiologic processes such mechanotransduction. However, the non-linear mechanical behavior and viscoelasticity of collagen fibers make analysis of the mechanical properties of tissues complicated. Mechanistically, during mechanical loading, a tensional increase in the D period is observed with increasing strain that is associated with: 1) molecular elongation at the triple-helical level of structure;2) increases in the gap distance between the end of one triple-helix and the start of the next one in the microfibril;and 3) molecular slippage. In this paper, we discuss the relationship between collagen hierarchical structure and its non-linear mechanical properties. Using vibrational analysis and optical coherence tomography, it is hoped that the mechanical properties of collagenous tissues can be studied in vivo in order to better understand tissue mechanics and to be better able to offer early diagnosis and differentiation of different disease states.

MECHANICAL ANALYSIS OF SHAFT LINING WHEN THE STRATUM SETTLEMENT RESULTING FROM WATER DRAINAGE

Based on the stratum settlement resulting from water drainage, this paper establishes the calculating method of stresses and displacements of shaft lining and stratum by using Fourier integration, obtains the calculating formulas of tangiential load which shaft lining is subjected to, and provides theoretical basis for design of shaft lining.

Analysis of Mechanical Behavior of Composite Tissues Using Vibrational Optical Coherence Tomography

Extracellular matrices (ECMs) found in vertebrate tissues are fiber reinforced composite materials that prevent premature mechanical failure, store, transmit, and dissipate mechanical energy generated by the musculoskeletal system. We have developed a new method using optical cohesion tomography and vibrational analysis to non-destructively and non-invasively measure the mechanical properties of composite tissues and polymeric materials. In addition, this method can be used to measure the moduli of individual components of composite materials and perform “mechanical spectroscopy” on materials. In addition, we propose that measurement of the resonant frequency of a material minimizes the viscoelastic behavior of a composite material. This approach simplifies the analysis of mechanical behavior of polymers and others materials that demonstrate time-dependence to their properties.

基于季节性碳交易机制的园区综合能源系统低碳经济调度

为有效提高碳排放配额分配的合理性,并且避免年度结算时碳排放量超标导致环境污染加剧问题,提出基于奖惩因子的季节性碳交易机制,以园区综合能源系统(park integrated energy system,PIES)为对象进行低碳经济调度。首先,构建包含能量层–碳流层–管理层的综合能源系统(integrated energy system,IES)运行框架,建立电气热多能流供需动态一致性模型;其次,分析系统内“日–季节–年度”碳排放特性,打破传统应用指标法的配额分配方法,采用灰色关联分析法建立碳排放配额分配模型,并基于奖惩阶梯碳价制定季节性碳交易机制;最后,以系统内全寿命周期运行成本及碳交易成本最小为目标,对执行季节性碳交易机制的PIES进行低碳经济调度,分析长时间尺度下季节性储能参与调度的减碳量。搭建IEEE 33节点电网5节点气网7节点热网的PIES,并基于多场景进行算例分析,验证此调度方法能够实现零碳经济运行,保证系统供能可靠性,为建立零碳园区奠定理论基础。

产教融合背景下高职思政课与劳动教育协同育人研究

近年来,随着社会经济的发展,各行各业对具备信息素养的应用型人才的需求日益增长,但与之相匹配的人才供给无论在效率还是质量方面,都与预期存在着一定的差距。高职院校作为应用型人才的“准出口”,承担着更多的社会责任,但高职人才劳动素养不足、劳动精神匮乏、劳动观念歪曲的现象愈发严重,反映出高职院校劳动教育于思想内核、专业劳动能力教育方面的缺失。因此,在产教融合的背景下,高职院校应当在校企协同育人的“大框架”下,打下思政课程与劳动教育协同育人的“微内容”,以劳动作为支点,撬动现有格局,实现工匠精神、劳动精神教育于人才培养中的集中体现。

光储一体化电源系统节能分析

文章介绍了光储一体化电源系统项目实施的背景,以及光储一体化电源系统的组成、功能原理、关键技术、主要特性、性能参数等,并进行了节能效果分析计算,对打造绿色低碳机房,实现节能减碳降费将起到重要作用。

大口径热不敏星敏感器光机设计与分析

为满足大口径长焦距星敏感器的需求,对一种大口径热不敏星敏感器进行光机设计,根据指标要求,对热不敏系统进行光机热集成分析。使用MSC.Patran软件对主次镜结构施加温度载荷,计算出主次镜结构的热弹性变形,先利用MSC.Nastran软件计算热变形后节点的刚体位移,再利用Sigft光机接口软件分析得到变形后主次镜表面的Zernike多项式系数。将结果导入Zemax中,预判镜片面型变化以及刚体位移对弥散斑、光轴漂移量及波像差的影响。最后通过在20℃±5℃的温度范围内装调测试验证了系统性能满足指标要求以及光机热集成分析的准确性,提供了一套准确快捷的光机热集成分析流程。

水泥环孕育机理及其压裂工况下密封力学分析

在油气井压裂过程中,压裂液的高压和降温作用存在破坏水泥环密封性的风险,对于多级压裂或者重复压裂,井筒压力和温度的交替作用加剧了水泥环的破坏,影响多级压裂的效果。研究了水泥环的孕育机理,利用有限元软件对套管—水泥环—地层系统进行了全尺寸等效建模和力学仿真,对多级压裂水泥环的变形和破坏规律进行了定量分析。结果表明,井下水泥环的先天环境压力不同于养护压力,应当归属于水泥环的材料属性;压裂时水泥环表现为环向拉应力破坏,且内侧比外侧更容易破坏;压裂停泵时,水泥环残余变形导致一界面产生剥离应力,如果剥离应力大于一界面的粘结强度,一界面将出现剥离破坏;提高水泥石的抗拉强度和降低弹性模量可提升水泥环的密封性能。该分析为油气井水泥材料的研究提出改进方向,为多级压裂的参数优化提供参考。

长波红外差分干涉仪光栅低温安装结构设计与优化

长波红外差分干涉仪在低温工况下会因光学元件受到非均匀应力作用产生干涉条纹的畸变,从而降低干涉仪系统性能。本文为解决低温工况干涉条纹弯曲畸变问题,基于长波红外差分干涉仪光机系统进行了干涉条纹畸变影响因素分析,结合光-机-热耦合分析方法,对干涉仪系统低温工作状态进行仿真。随后设计了针对影响条纹畸变的关键元件——光栅元件的低温微应力动态稳定支撑安装结构,结构优化后的光栅表面面形均方根(Root Mean Square,RMS)值为3.89×10^(-2) nm,面形峰谷值(Peak to Valley,PV)值为2.21×10^(-1) nm,分别较优化前初始系统的分析结果减小了5个数量级,系统仿真干涉条纹畸变小于1个探测器像元。全系统低温验证试验表明,优化结构可有效抑制干涉条纹畸变,畸变量小于2个探测器像元,试验与仿真计算结果一致性较好,验证了优化分析方法的有效性。该优化方案对提升反射式光学系统结构低温稳定性,提高系统工作能力有较大意义和价值。

一种光机电一体化增量式光电编码器设计

为解决现有轴柄式控制增量编码器损耗高、寿命短、抗振动能力差、可靠性低等问题,介绍一种光机电一体化的增量式光电编码器设计方案,包括32内花瓣轴套和可伸缩滚珠定位、Z型遮光盘设计和红外光敏OC开路输出电路等创新设计。通过精密结构设计和材料选择,实现了高精度32档位电信号转换。采用三维建模和有限元分析进行了结构可靠性验证。通过与国外同类产品的技术指标对比,验证数据和所达到的环境适应能力。本研究在性能、结构和成本等方面皆有优势,应用前景广阔。

光学力学与光电传感技术的融合与创新

光学力学和光电传感技术在科学与工程领域有着紧密的联系,并在各自的材料、传感器、成像和测量领域发挥着重要作用。光学力学对光与物质相互作用而产生的力学效应有着深入研究,而光电传感技术则围绕光信号转化为电信号后进行测量和控制的过程来进行探讨。但传统独立的领域研究有着很多局限性,这也为光学力学和光电传感技术各自的发展带来了阻碍。研究目的在于深入探究光学力学与光电传感技术的融合与创新,并通过二者在各自领域的优势进行互补,从而推动科学技术的进步。

基于新型接头的装配式地铁车站力学性能研究

装配式车站可有效提高地铁工程建设质量和效率,是城市轨道交通高质量发展的趋势。本文以深圳地铁首个采用新型C-H-C接头的全新装配式车站为背景,进行了装配式地铁车站静力模型试验,在此基础上使用有限元软件ABAQUS建立装配式地铁车站整体框架有限元模型。通过弹簧实体接触模拟C-H-C接头的非线性特性,采用非线性弹簧模拟土结构相互作用,建立地层结构非线性相互作用有限元分析模型,对不同设计荷载工况下的结构静力反应进行数值模拟。结果表明:通过与模型试验结果进行对比分析,验证了数值模型的合理性;相较于低水位工况,高水位工况结构底板的内力、变形显著增大,底板设计时应按照压弯构件考虑;内力主要通过顶、底角点构件接头传递,且主要受接触面积影响。本文成果验证了基于新型C-H-C接头的装配式地铁车站受力合理可行。

我国高职院校科教融汇发展现状、问题及对策——基于大数据分析的视角

科教融汇有利于推进教育、科技、人才一体化发展,是职业教育高质量发展并服务教育强国战略的关键路径。探讨我国高职院校科教融汇现状,有助于从宏观上把握各地区科教融汇水平及发展规律,对于提高科研质量、推进科技创新具有重要意义。通过大数据分析及调研发现,我国各地区科教融汇发展程度不均衡,科研服务产业和教学能力不足,缺乏完善的制度保障,高职院校科教融汇整体上处于初级阶段。区域产业基础是影响科教融汇的重要因素,但并不完全决定科教融汇发展水平,院校办学理念、制度环境、专业结构等因素同样非常关键。为推进教育科技人才一体化发展,应在科教融汇治理体系、科教融汇院校特色、科教融汇评价机制、校企信息共享平台等方面改革创新。