The Comparative Study on Two Models of Syndrome Differentiation of the Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease: An Investigation Analysis of the Signs and Symptoms on 2325 Cases

Objective To realize the characteristics of "zheng" differentiation-treatment for hand, foot and mouth disease(HFMD), a new methodology of syndrome differentiation for different stages of HFMD has been explored. Methods Total of 2 325 cases with HFMD were recorded by distributing them into exterior syndrome stage, interior syndrome stage, severe syndrome stage and recovered syndrome stage, respectively, and the main symptoms and subsidiary symptoms of different stages of HFMD have been observed. The major and minor pathogenesis of HFMD in different stages were obtained, and compared with the "2010 Guideline for the Diagnosis and Treatment of HFMD". Results It was found that the major pathogenesis of exterior stage was defined as "the invation of the wenevil to the defender of the body with the collaterals got involved ", and the minor as "qi deficiency"; in interior stage, "the fury of Gan-Yang" was the main pathogenesis, and "qi in chaos and qi deficiency" was the minor; in severe syndrome stage, "the damage of heart, liver and lung" was the main pathogenesis, and "qi in chaos" was the minor; and the pathogenesis of recovered stage was "qi-yin deficiency". Compared with the "2010 Guideline for the Diagnosis and Treatment of HFMD", it showed that "the obstruction of the fei-pi qi by the mixture of shi-re evil" and "the mixture of shi-re" in vivo was quite difficult to be explained in completely different context in the general situation; in the severe stage, the TCM clinical characteristics of syndrome differentiation might lose; in the early acute severe cases, the phenomenon that xin-yang and fei-qi almost ran out was difficult to be observed, then, the line between the severe and the acute severe became vague.Conclusions The theory of syndrome differentiation by stages of HFMD was reasonable in the actual situation of clinical description on HFMD which was expected to be further tested and widely applied in the "zheng" differentiation-treatment of HFMD in the future.

HOW TO MASTER THE DIFFERENTIATION OF SYNDROMES AND THE SELECTION OF ACUPOINTS QUICKLY

Differentiation of syndromes can be done by three steps:First to differentiate thenature of disease,second to differentiate the location of disease,third to analyse comprehensively thenature and location of disease.Depend on complete differentiation of syndromes,the acupoints are selected.Three cases are analysed to explain how to dominate preceding contents.

ACUPUNCTURE TREATMENT ON 40 CASES OF IRRITABLE COLON SYNDROME ACCORDING TO DIFFERENTIATION OF SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS

Irritable intestinal tract syndrome was classified and treated with acupuncture according to differentiation of symptoms and signs.Of the 40 cases treated,28 were cured,11 improved,and 6 ineffective.The total effective rate was 85％.The syndrome was classified into fourtypes:weakness of the spleen and stomach,disharmony of the liver spleen,Yang deficiency ofthe spleen and kidney,and retention of dampness and heat.There was no statistically significant difference in therapeutic effects among the four types of syndromes.However,the curative effect in theacupuncture group was better than that in the medication group,and the difference was of statisticalsignificance.

Effects of TCM Nursing Based on Syndrome Differentiation on Pulmonary Function and Quality of Life in Patients with Acute Exacerbation of COPD

[Objectives] To investigate the effects of TCM nursing based on syndrome differentiation on pulmonary function and quality of life in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). [Methods] A total of 92 patients with AECOPD who came to Nanchong Chinese Medicine Hospital from March 2022 to February 2023 were selected for the study, and the intervention group (TCM nursing based on syndrome differentiation, 46 cases) and the conventional group (basic nursing, 46 cases) were selected for the study, and the pulmonary function and quality of life of the two groups were compared. [Results] Before nursing, there was no significant difference in levels of forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), and percentage of forced expiratory volume in one second to forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) between the intervention group and conventional group ( P >0.05). After 3 months of nursing, the levels of FVC, FEV1 and FEV1/FVC in the intervention group were higher than those in the conventional group ( P <0.05). Before nursing, there was no significant difference in the scores of health, emotion and social functions between the two groups ( P >0.05). At three months of nursing, the scores of health, emotion, and social functions in the intervention group were higher than those in the conventional group ( P <0.05). [Conclusions] The implementation of TCM nursing based on syndrome differentiation in patients with AECOPD can effectively improve the pulmonary function and quality of life of patients, and has significant clinical implementation value.

Exploring the biological mechanism of qi deficiency syndrome with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)based on integrated pharmacology

Objective:To explore the potential biological mechanism of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)qi deficiency syndrome,we used the integrated pharmacology network computing platform and carried out experimental verification.Methods:Using an integrated pharmacology strategy to analyze the potential biological targets of COPD qi deficiency syndrome.Based on the established qi deficiency syndrome rat model of COPD,the biological targets of lung and skeletal muscle were detected by electron microscopy,adenosine triphosphate(ATP)content assays,and western blotting.Results:According to the integrated pharmacological results,it was found that the locations of cell components related to COPD qi deficiency syndrome were mainly mitochondria.Electron microscopy results using lung tissue showed that mitochondria in the lipopolysaccharide(LPS group)and pulmonary instillation of LPS combined with cigarette smoke(LPStCS group)were swollen,deformed,and fragmented,with disappearing or broken crista.Results also showed that the total content of ATP in the lung and skeletal muscle of both groups was significantly lower than that in the control group at the 12th week(P<.05).At the 12th week,the expression of dynamin-related protein 1(DRP1)and mitofusin 1(MFN1)protein was significantly difference than that of the control group(P<.05).At the 10th and 14th weeks,changes in fission and fusion proteins in mitochondria of the lung and skeletal muscle were further detected.There was also a significant difference in the expression between the two groups compared to that in the control group at the 10th week and 14th week(P<.05).Conclusion:These findings suggest that the changes in mitochondrial morphology and ATP content and the unbalanced expression of DRP1 and MFN1 might be the key mechanisms underlying qi deficiency syndrome in rats with COPD.

Clinical Experience in the Treatment of Vulvovaginal Candida Disease with Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine

Summarizing two cases of vaginal candidiasis,cured by integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine in clinical work,it is found that the combination of traditional Chinese and western medicine has a significant effect on the treatment of this disease.The curative effect is outstanding,and the recurrence rate is significantly reduced,which can be used as a reference for gynecological medical workers.

Can TCM Treatment be Performed on the Basis of Differential Diagnosis of the Diseases Instead of the Syndromes?

Great advances have been achieved in the integration of western and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM).More and more TCM physicians in their practice accept the term 'differential diagnosis of the diseases' instead of the syndromes since western medicine has been introduced into the TCM circle.

Differentiating and Treating Gynecological Diseases based on the Theory of Collateral Diseases

The collateral disease theory is a unique component of the theoretical system of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),which is currently applied to all kinds of diseases related to the collaterals.With the in-depth study of collaterals theory by many practitioners,its advantages in differentiating and treating gynecological diseases are gradually embodied.Based on the theory of collaterals disease,we discussed the pathogenesis,syndrome differentiation and treatment of gynecological diseases,concluded that the deficient collaterals under nourishment and the stagnant and blocked uterine collateral are the important pathogenesis of gynecological illness.Then we pointed out that invigorating the spleen and tonifying the kidney,and unblocking collateral and dissipating stasis are important treatment methods.We discussed the application of collateral disease theory in Tianjin HA's gynecology,and provided certain theoretical basis and clinical reference for the treatment of gynecologic diseases.

Nursing Based on Syndrome Differentiation Combined with Auricular Plaster Therapy in Alleviating Insomnia

Objective:To observe the effect of auricular point pressing combined with nursing based on syndrome differentiation in the treatment of insomnia patients.Methods:Totally 92 patients with insomnia were randomly divided into the observation groupgiven auricular point pressing combined with nursing care based on syndrome differentiation and the control group treated with auricular point pressing alone.The improvement of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI),TCM Syndrome Score and nursing satisfaction were compared between the 2 groups.Results:The time effect of PSQI total score and 6 factors in both groups were statistically significant(P<0.05).The time effect,interaction effect and inter-group effect of subjective sleep quality,PSQI total score were statistically significant(P<0.05);the 4 inter-group factors of sleep quality,sleep latency,sleep duration and daytime function were statistically significant(P<0.05).The total score of TCM syndromes in the observation group was lower than that in the control group(P<0.05),and the satisfaction rate in the observation group higher than that in the control group(80.43%vs.60.86%,P<0.05).Conclusion:Auricular point pressing combined withnursing based on syndrome differentiation can effectively improve the sleep quality of insomnia patients,and has significant advantages in improving TCM syndromes,as well as gained higher nursing satisfaction from patients.

Five-Tone Therapy Plus Head and Face Massage Relieves Insomnia of Patients with Heart and Spleen Deficiency

Objective:To explore the therapeutic effect of five-element music therapy based on syndrome differentiation plus head and face massage in relieving insomnia of patients with heart and spleen deficiency.Methods:Sixty patients with heart and spleen deficiency were divided into control group and test group,30 cases each.The control group received routine treatment and nursing.The experimental group was given five-element music therapy plus head and face massage on the basis of the control group,once a day,15 minutes/time,5 times/week,and continuous observation for 4 weeks.The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI)was used to assess sleep quality before and after intervention.Results:After 30 days,the total effective rate of the experimental group was 86.67%,which was higher than the total effective rate of 76.67%in control group(P<0.05).There were significant differences in the time of sleep,sleep quality,sleep efficiency and PSQI score between the two groups(P<0.05).Conclusion:Five-tone therapy based on syndrome differentiation combined with head and face massage can effectively improve the sleep quality of patients with heart and spleen deficiency,prolong sleep time,with no adverse reactions,so it is worthy of clinical application.

Professor Chen Xianhai's experience of herb pairs in the treatment of pulmonary diseases

According to the theory of traditional Chinese medicine,based on the four properties and five flavors of traditional Chinese medicines,the lifting and lowering theory and channel tropism,Professor Chen combined with the theory of traditional Chinese medicine and constitution identification to prescribe for patients and used herb pairs to treat many kinds of pulmonary diseases.And he has achieved good clinical effect by"treatment methods selection according to syndromes".His experience in medication and compatibility mechanism are worthy of further exploration and promotion by scholars.

A Validated Model for the Imaging Diagnosis of Cystic Lung Disease

Rationale and Objectives: Cystic lung disease may be accurately diagnosed by imaging interpretation of specialist radiologists, without other information. We hypothesized that with minimal training non-specialists could perform similarly to specialist physicians in the diagnosis of cystic lung disease. Methods: 72 cystic lung disease cases and 25 cystic lung disease mimics were obtained from three sources: 1) a prospective acquired diffuse lung disease registry, 2) a retrospective search of medical records and 3) teaching files. Cases were anonymized, randomized and interpreted by 7 diffuse lung disease specialists and 15 non-specialist radiologists and pulmonologists. Clinical information other than age and sex was not provided. Prior to interpretation, non-specialists viewed a short PDF training document explaining cystic lung disease interpretation. Results: Correct first choice diagnosis of 85%-88% may be achieved by high-performing specialist readers and 71%-80% by non-specialists and lower-performing specialists, with mean accuracies in the diagnosis of LAM (91%, p Conclusion: With specific but limited training, non-specialist physicians can diagnose cystic lung diseases from CT appearance alone with similar accuracy to specialists, correctly identifying approximately 75% of cases.

Implementation status quo of traditional Chinese medicine nursing program for advantaged diseases

With the promulgation of the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)nursing program for advantaged diseases,its application in the clinic has drawn wide attention.TCM nursing program can actively promote the clinical development of TCM syndrome differentiation and nursing.This article introduces the implementation status quo of the TCM nursing program for advantaged diseases in clinical practice,summarize the existing problems in the implementation and put forward measures to promote its perfection.Finally,the article discusses and looks forward to the TCM nursing program for advantaged diseases.Provide theoretical basis and reference for medical workers to effectively promote the application and implementation of TCM nursing programs for advantaged disease.

Differential Gene Expression Profiles in Coronary Heart Disease Patients of Blood Stasis Syndrome in Traditional Chinese Medicine and Clinical Role of Target Gene

Objective:To investigate the differential gene expression profiles in coronary heart disease(CHD) patients of blood-stasis syndrome(BSS) by oligonucleotide microarray technique,and the clinical significance of target gene.Methods:Subjects were assigned to CHD patients with BSS(n=8),CHD patients without BSS (n=8),and BSS patients without CHD(n=8) based on coronary angiography and the diagnostic criteria of BSS. The sex- and age-matched healthy volunteers(n=8) were enrolled as the control group.Venous blood s...

Diagnostic Accuracy of Chinese Medicine Diagnosis Scale of Phlegm and Blood Stasis Syndrome in Coronary Heart Disease: A Study Protocol

Background Phlegm and blood stasis syndrome(PBSS) is one of the main syndromes in coronary heart disease(CHD). Syndromes of Chinese medicine(CM) are lack of quantitative and easyimplementation diagnosis standards. To quantify and standardize the diagnosis of PBSS, scales are usually applied. Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of CM diagnosis scale of PBSS in CHD. Methods: Six hundred patients with stable angina pectoris of CHD, 300 in case group and 300 in control group, will be recruited from 5 hospitals across China. Diagnosis from 2 experts will be considered as the "gold standard". The study design consists of 2 phases: pilot test is used to evaluate the reliability and validity, and diagnostic test is used to assess the diagnostic accuracy of the scale, including sensitivity, specificity, likelihood ratio and area under the receiver operator characteristic(ROC) curve. Discussion: This study will evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of CM diagnosis scale of PBSS in CHD. The consensus of 2 experts may not be ideal as a "gold standard", and itself still requires further study.(No. ChiCTR-OOC-15006599).

Integrated traditional and Western medicine for treatment of depression based on syndrome differentiation:a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials based on the Hamilton depression scale

OBJECTIVE:To systematically review the benefits of integrated traditional and Western medicine therapies based on the Hamilton depression scale(HAMD) following syndrome differentiation of depression.METHODS:We searched six English and Chinese electronic databases for randomized clinical trials(RCTs) on integrated traditional and Western medicine for treatment of depression.Two authors extracted data and independently assessed the trial quality.RevMan 5 software was used for data analyses with an effect estimate presented as weighted mean difference(WMD) with a 95% confidence interval(CI).RESULTS:Seven RCTs with 576 participants were identified for this review.All trials were eligible for the meta-analysis and were evaluated as unclear or having a risk of bias.Meta-analysis showed,compared with Western medicine alone,integrated traditional and Western medicine based on syndrome differentiation could improve the effect of treatment represented by the HAMD [WMD=-2.39,CI(-2.96,-1.83),Z=8.29,P<0.00001].There were no reported serious adverse effects that were related to integrated traditional and Western medicine based therapies in these trials.CONCLUSIONS:Integrated traditional and Western medicine based therapies for the syndrome differentiation of depression significantly improved the HAMD,illustrating that combining therapies from integrated traditional and Western medicine for treatment of depression is better than Western medicine alone.However,further large,rigorously designed trials are warranted due to the insufficient methodological rigor seen in the trials included in this study.

Correlation between Characteristics of Coronary Plaque and Chinese Medicine Syndromes of Coronary Heart Disease:A Cross-Sectional Study Analysed by Intravascular Ultrasound

Objective:To analyse the correlation between the characteristics of coronary plaque in coronary heart disease(CHD)patients with phlegm-blood stasis syndrome(PBS)and blood stasis syndrome(BSS).Methods:Patients were divided into different groups based on Chinese medicine(CM)syndrome differentiation.The baseline demographics and clinical variables were collected from the medical records.Additionally,the characteristics of plaque and pathological manifestations in coronary artery were evaluated intravascular ultrasound(IVUS).Results:A total of 213 CHD patients were enrolled in two groups:184 were diagnosed with PBS and the remaining 29 were diagnosed with BSS.There were no significant differences in age,body mases index,proportions of patients with high blood pressure,diabetes mellitus,smoking,hyperlipidemia,history of coronary artery bypass graft and percutaneous coronary intervention,medications,index from cardiac ultrasound image,blood lipids and C-reactive protein between the two groups(P>0.05),except gender,weight and proportions of OVUS observed target vessels(P<0.05 or P<0.01).More adverse events such as acute myocardial infarction(P=0.003)and unstable angina(P=0.048)were observed in BSS.Additionally,dissection,thrombus and coronary artery ectasia were significantly increased in BSS(P<0.05 or P<0.01).In contrast,PBS had more patients with stable angina and chronic total occlusion with significantly higher SYNTAX(synergy between percutaneous coronary intervention with Taxus and coronary artery bypass surgery)scores(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Moreover,dense-calcium was significantly elevated in PBS(P<0.01).Conclusions:Coronary plaque characteristics were correlated with different CM syndromes.Patients with PBS were associated with a higher degree of calcified plaque and severe coronary artery stenosis,indicating poor clinical prognosis but with a low probability of acute coronary events.On contrast,the degree of calcified plaque in patients with BSS remained relatively low,and plaque was more vulnerable,resulting in the possibility of the occurrence of acute coronary events remaining high.

Traditional Chinese Medicine Nursing Protocols for Wheezing Disease(Bronchial Asthma)

Wheezing disease( bronchial asthma) is a common but refractory disease among pulmonary diseases. It tends to attack repeatedly,and is difficult to be cured. In recent years,some studies have shown that effective traditional Chinese medicine( TCM) nursing interventions on the wheezing disease can significantly ameliorate the treatment compliance of patients,reduce the attack and improve the quality of life. Therefore,it is important for patients with different patterns of syndrome to receive effective and reasonable TCMnursing intervention. This article mainly explored the key points of common syndromes,TCMnursing methods and health guidance of wheezing disease in order to further develop the advantages of TCM,improve its efficacy and standardized its nursing behavior.

Traditional Chinese medicine nursing protocols for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)is a complex respiratory disorder,characterized by chronic airflow limitation and an elevated inflammatory response of the airways.The people with COPD are more likely to develop comorbidities,with significant impacts on patients'quality of life,exacerbation frequency,and survival.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)exhibits good therapeutic effects on improving the clinical symptoms,lung function and quality of life in patients with COPD.Herein,this article primarily summarized the key points of common syndromes,TCM nursing methods and healthy guidance of COPD,aiming at maintaining and developing the strengths of TCM,improving its efficacy and standardizing its behavior.