The professional and moral education of high school mathematics teachers will make classroom management work better,but their work pressure will also lead to classroom management problems.To do a good job in high scho...The professional and moral education of high school mathematics teachers will make classroom management work better,but their work pressure will also lead to classroom management problems.To do a good job in high school class teacher management and organically integrate it with mathematics teaching,we need to start from two aspects:mathematics teaching class teachers and class teacher work teaching,and penetrate mathematical thinking into daily classroom management,moral education,and classroom culture construction.Based on the attributes of the subject,we guide high school students to reflect after class to stimulate their self-management initiative through the cultivation of qualified class representatives.In addition,it is necessary to skillfully resolve classroom generative problems,change the roles of teachers and students,and integrate classroom management with mathematics teaching.展开更多
Improving the reversibility of anionic redox and inhibiting irreversible oxygen evolution are the main challenges in the application of high reversible capacity Li-rich Mn-based cathode materials.A facile synchronous ...Improving the reversibility of anionic redox and inhibiting irreversible oxygen evolution are the main challenges in the application of high reversible capacity Li-rich Mn-based cathode materials.A facile synchronous lithiation strategy combining the advantages of yttrium doping and LiYO_(2) surface coating is proposed.Yttrium doping effectively suppresses the oxygen evolution during the delithiation process by increasing the energy barrier of oxygen evolution reaction through strong Y–O bond energy.LiYO_(2) nanocoating has the function of structural constraint and protection,that protecting the lattice oxygen exposed to the surface,thus avoiding irreversible oxidation.As an Li^(+) conductor,LiYO_(2) nano-coating can provide a fast Li^(+) transfer channel,which enables the sample to have excellent rate performance.The synergistic effect of Y doping and nano-LiYO_(2) coating integration suppresses the oxygen release from the surface,accelerates the diffusion of Li^(+)from electrolyte to electrode and decreases the interfacial side reactions,enabling the lithium ion batteries to obtain good electrochemical performance.The lithium-ion full cell employing the Y-1 sample(cathode)and commercial graphite(anode)exhibit an excellent specific energy density of 442.9 Wh kg^(-1) at a current density of 0.1C,with very stable safety performance,which can be used in a wide temperature range(60 to-15℃)stable operation.This result illustrates a new integration strategy for advanced cathode materials to achieve high specific energy density.展开更多
As an important sustainable development goal,the creation of low-carbon cities(LCCs)has become crucial to creating livable cities and environmental sustainability.Thus,we aimed to understand the factors that support t...As an important sustainable development goal,the creation of low-carbon cities(LCCs)has become crucial to creating livable cities and environmental sustainability.Thus,we aimed to understand the factors that support the transition of traditional cities to LCCs,by analyzing and synthesizing how to promote practical LCC across 15 pilot municipalities in four regions of Thailand,covering four strategies:City of Trees,City of Waste Minimization,City of Energy Efficiency,and City of Sustainable Consumption.Literature research,in-depth interviews,and observations were employed for data collection,while the 5W(who,says what,in which channel,to whom,and with what effect)and SMCR(sender,message,channel,and receiver)models were used to create a communication analysis framework.Results revealed that the effective activities of municipalities should increase tree planting and implement more serious regulations for the conservation of existing trees.Making compost and establishing waste recycling banks are recommended for rural municipalities,while optimization of garbage and wastewater management systems and facilities should be highlighted in urban municipalities.Moreover,recycling,low-carbon agriculture,second-hand shops/markets,green markets,and homegrown vegetables should be encouraged for sustainable consumption.Working with local municipalities,credible leaders and representatives were the key senders.Additionally,message design should compare the pros and cons of behaviors,connect with local health and tourism,and promote dialogue in easy-to-understand and thought-provoking language.Receivers that drive LCC should have an excellent understanding of LCC practice and its benefits,be public-minded,and have a desire to live in a good environment.展开更多
Based on the network teaching model,this article briefly summarizes the development of Chinese art history education in universities,analyzes the importance of integrating network teaching in Chinese art history lesso...Based on the network teaching model,this article briefly summarizes the development of Chinese art history education in universities,analyzes the importance of integrating network teaching in Chinese art history lessons,and explores the integration strategy.展开更多
With the modernization and internationalization of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),the requirement for quality control has increased.The quality marker(Q-marker)is an important standard in this field and has been im...With the modernization and internationalization of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),the requirement for quality control has increased.The quality marker(Q-marker)is an important standard in this field and has been implemented with remarkable success in recent years.However,the establishment of Qmarkers remains fragmented and the process lacks systematicity,resulting in inconsistent quality control and insufficient correlation with clinical efficacy and safety of TCM.This review introduces four multimodal integrated approaches that contribute to the discovery of more comprehensive and accurate Qmarkers,thus aiding in the establishment of new quality control patterns based on the characteristics and principles of TCM.These include the whole-process quality control strategy,chemical-activity-based screening method,efficacy,safety,and consistent combination strategy,and TCM theory-guided approach.Furthermore,methodologies and representative examples of these strategies are described,and important future directions and questions in this field are also proposed.展开更多
Understanding of how combinations of agronomic options can be used to improve the grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency(NUE) of winter wheat is limited. A three-year experiment involving four integrated management...Understanding of how combinations of agronomic options can be used to improve the grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency(NUE) of winter wheat is limited. A three-year experiment involving four integrated management strategies was conducted from 2013 to 2015 in Tai'an, Shandong Province, China, to evaluate changes in grain yield and NUE. The integrated management treatments were as follows: current practice(T1); improvement of current practice(T2); high-yield management(T3), which aimed to maximize grain yield regardless of the cost of resource inputs; and integrated soil and crop system management(T4) with a higher seeding rate, delayed sowing date, and optimized nutrient management. Seeding rates increased by 75 seeds m^-2 with each treatment from T1(225 seeds m^-2) to T4(450 seeds m^-2). The sowing dates were delayed from T1(5 th Oct.) to T2 and T3(8 th Oct.), and to T4 treatment(12 th Oct.). T1, T2, T3, and T4 received 315, 210, 315, and 240 kg N ha^-1, 120, 90, 210 and 120 kg P2O5 ha^-1, 30, 75, 90, and 45 kg K2O ha^-1, respectively. The ratio of basal application to topdressing for T1, T2, T3, and T4 was 6:4, 5:5, 4:6, and 4:6, respectively, with the N topdressing applied at regreening for T1 and at jointing stage for T2, T3, and T4. The P fertilizers in all treatments were applied as basal fertilizer. The K fertilizer for T1 and T2 was applied as basal fertilizer while the ratio of basal application to topdressing(at jointing stage) of K fertilizer for both T3 and T4 was 6:4. T1, T2, T3, and T4 were irrigated five, four, four and three times, respectively. Treatment T3 produced the highest grain yield among all treatments over three years and the average yield was 9 277.96 kg ha^-1. Grain yield averaged across three years with the T4 treatment(8 892.93 kg ha^-1) was 95.85% of that with T3 and was 21.72 and 6.10% higher than that with T1(7 305.95 kg ha^-1) and T2(8 381.41 kg ha^-1), respectively. Treatment T2 produced the highest NUE of all the integrated treatments. The NUE with T4 was 95.36% of that with T2 and was 51.91 and 25.62% higher than that with T1 and T3, respectively. The N uptake efficiency(UPE) averaged across three years with T4 was 50.75 and 16.62% higher than that with T1and T3, respectively. The N utilization efficiency(UTE) averaged across three years with T4 was 7.74% higher than that with T3. The increased UPE with T4 compared with T3 could be attributed mostly to the lower available N in T4, while the increased UTE with T4 was mainly due to the highest N harvest index and low grain N concentration, which consequently led to improved NUE. The net profit for T4 was the highest among four treatments and was 174.94, 22.27, and 28.10% higher than that for T1, T2, and T3, respectively. Therefore, the T4 treatment should be a recommendable management strategy to obtain high grain yield, high NUE, and high economic benefits in the target region, although further improvements of NUE are required.展开更多
The establishment and rapid rise of the European Union (EU) have increasingly made Europe an independent force. Objectively, the enlargement of both the EU and NATO has speeded up the process of European integration, ...The establishment and rapid rise of the European Union (EU) have increasingly made Europe an independent force. Objectively, the enlargement of both the EU and NATO has speeded up the process of European integration, and "One important link of Russia’s diplomacy展开更多
The gradually ex—panding number of peo—pie suffering from hy—pertension and the trendof lowering of their ageindicate that one shouldpay more attention tothe illness and tOstrengthen preventionand treatment of it i...The gradually ex—panding number of peo—pie suffering from hy—pertension and the trendof lowering of their ageindicate that one shouldpay more attention tothe illness and tOstrengthen preventionand treatment of it inorder tO elevate clinicaltherapeutic effect,so as展开更多
Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)has been extensively used as a mainstay for treating various pathologies.Combing the pharmacology and systems biology approaches,the network pharmacology(NP)approach was developed to p...Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)has been extensively used as a mainstay for treating various pathologies.Combing the pharmacology and systems biology approaches,the network pharmacology(NP)approach was developed to predict the probable mechanism underlying the therapeutic effect of TCM.However,approaches solely based on NP cannot effectively elucidate the curative mechanism in a holistic and reliable manner due to limitations in NP-based methods and complexity of TCM components.Thus,integration strategies combining NP with other approaches are increasingly being used.Since the interdisciplinary research in TCM has received much attention in the advent of the big data era of which the NPbased integration strategy is broadly used,the strategy is clearly elaborated in the present review.We summarized several NP-based integration strategies and their applications in TCM studies,including multi-omics approach,gut microbiota study,chemical information analysis,data-mining,and network toxicology study.展开更多
At 0.12 mmol/L γ-glutamyl p-nitroaniline(GGPNA),an improved integrated method was developed for kinetic analysis of γ-glutamyltransferase(GGT) reaction process and the integration with the classical initial rate met...At 0.12 mmol/L γ-glutamyl p-nitroaniline(GGPNA),an improved integrated method was developed for kinetic analysis of γ-glutamyltransferase(GGT) reaction process and the integration with the classical initial rate method to measure serum GGT.For the improved integrated method,an integrated rate equation,which used the predictor variable of reaction time and considered inhibitions by both GGPNA and products,was nonlinearly fit to GGT reaction processes.For the integration strategy,classical initial rates were estimated when GGPNA consumption percentages were below 50%;otherwise,maximal reaction rates of GGT were estimated by the improved integrated method and converted into initial rates according to the differential rate equation at 0.11 mmol/L GGPNA.The inte-gration strategy was validated using optimized GGT kinetic parameters and 10-s intervals to record reaction curves within 8.0 min.By the integration strategy,there was a linear response from 0.9 to 32.0 U/L GGT,coefficients of variation were below 3.5%for GGT from 8.0 to 32.0 U/L(n=5) ,and GGT activities in clinical sera responded linearly to their classical initial rates at 2.00 mmol/L GGPNA with an expected slope.Therefore,the integration strategy was successful in measuring GGT at 0.12 mmol/L GGPNA.展开更多
Nowadays the self-healing techniques in ATM networks are highly considered. However, in mostof networks, the normal control and sell-healing control are separately considered. In this paper, intenttedATM VP-based cont...Nowadays the self-healing techniques in ATM networks are highly considered. However, in mostof networks, the normal control and sell-healing control are separately considered. In this paper, intenttedATM VP-based control strategies for ATM survivable networks are prOPosed, which combine the normalcontrol and self-healing control in a unified wad, being able to operate under both normal conditions andcatastrophic failure situations. These strategies allow a cost-effective network plan and design.展开更多
Upland cotton is an important global cash crop for its long seed fibers and high edible oil and protein content.Progress in cotton genomics promotes the advancement of cotton genetics,evolutionary studies,functional g...Upland cotton is an important global cash crop for its long seed fibers and high edible oil and protein content.Progress in cotton genomics promotes the advancement of cotton genetics,evolutionary studies,functional genetics,and breeding,and has ushered cotton research and breeding into a new era.Here,we summarize high-impact genomics studies for cotton from the last 10 years.The diploid Gossypium arboreum and allotetraploid Gossypium hirsutum are the main focus of most genetic and genomic studies.We next review recent progress in cotton molecular biology and genetics,which builds on cotton genome sequencing efforts,population studies,and functional genomics,to provide insights into the mechanisms shaping abiotic and biotic stress tolerance,plant architecture,seed oil content,and fiber development.We also suggest the application of novel technologies and strategies to facilitate genome-based crop breeding.Explosive growth in the amount of novel genomic data,identified genes,gene modules,and pathways is now enabling researchers to utilize multidisciplinary genomics-enabled breeding strategies to cultivate"super cotton",synergistically improving multiple traits.These strategies must rise to meet urgent demands for a sustainable cotton industry.展开更多
The co-utilization of silicon(Si) and graphite(G) has been considered as the preferred strategy to achieve high energy density anode materials,but the effective synergistic integration of Si and graphite is still a ch...The co-utilization of silicon(Si) and graphite(G) has been considered as the preferred strategy to achieve high energy density anode materials,but the effective synergistic integration of Si and graphite is still a challenge and it is necessary to find a scheme to accommodate the large-scale production of Si/graphite anodes.In this work,silicon cutting waste from the photovoltaic industry was used as raw material,mixed with graphite,pitch,and polyvinylpyrrolidone,and subjected to high-energy ball milling.The mixture was then heated in an Ar atmosphere for the carbon coating,and the resulting Si/graphite/carbon(Si/G/C) composite was etched to remove the thicker SiOx layer formed on the Si surface to allow the pores between the Si and the carbon matrix to obtain Si@voids/G@C.Benefiting from the integrated structural design and the significantly enhanced electronic conductivity,the Si/G@voids@C composite exhibited the first dischargespecific capacity of 2530 mAh·g^(-1) with an initial coulombic efficiency(ICE) of 86.7%,and the remaining capacity exceeded 1000 mAh·g^(-1) after 550 cycles at 1.5A·g^(-1).Notably,full lithium-ion batteries with a Si/G@voids@C anode and LiFePO_4 cathode delivered a stable capacity of 140 mAh·g^(-1).The synthesis method is facile and cost-effective,providing an integration strategy for Si and G with a potential scheme for large-scale commercial applications.展开更多
Metal-sulfur/selenium batteries have become the focus of new-generation energy storage systems due to the advantages of low-cost and high energy density.However,it still suffers from the notorious shuttle of polysulfi...Metal-sulfur/selenium batteries have become the focus of new-generation energy storage systems due to the advantages of low-cost and high energy density.However,it still suffers from the notorious shuttle of polysulfides/polyselenides,poor electronic conductivity and tremendous volume expansion.Herein,a dual defense system for polysulfides/polyselenides was proposed and constructed based on MXene.The nitrogen-doped porous carbon(NPC)decorated by Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)MXene(M@NPC)was employed as the SeS_(2)host(SeS_(2)@M@NPC).Particularly,Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)sheets wrapped on NPC guarantee the rapid ion diffusion and serve as the first barrier for SeS_(2)and dissolved sodium polysulfides/polyselenides.Meanwhile,the few-layered Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)sheets coated on glass fiber separators act as the second barrier for alleviating the shuttle of polysulfides/polyselenides through physical interception and chemical adsorption.With this elaborate design,the integrated Na-SeS_(2)battery achieves a high specific capacity of 1243 mAh·g^(-1)at 1.0C,revealing a distinct superiority over its counterparts(SeS_(2)@M@NPC,1083mAh·g^(-1)at 0.5C;and SeS_(2)@NPC,823 mAh·g^(-1)at 0.5C).The findings gained in this work provide a creative idea for the construction of durable room-temperature Na-SeS_(2)batteries based on MXenes and their derivative materials.展开更多
Since requirement dependency extraction is a cognitively challenging and error-prone task,this paper proposes an automatic requirement dependency extraction method based on integrated active learning strategies.In thi...Since requirement dependency extraction is a cognitively challenging and error-prone task,this paper proposes an automatic requirement dependency extraction method based on integrated active learning strategies.In this paper,the coefficient of variation method was used to determine the corresponding weight of the impact factors from three different angles:uncertainty probability,text similarity difference degree and active learning variant prediction divergence degree.By combining the three factors with the proposed calculation formula to measure the information value of dependency pairs,the top K dependency pairs with the highest comprehensive evaluation value are selected as the optimal samples.As the optimal samples are continuously added into the initial training set,the performance of the active learning model using different dependency features for requirement dependency extraction is rapidly improved.Therefore,compared with other active learning strategies,a higher evaluation measure of requirement dependency extraction can be achieved by using the same number of samples.Finally,the proposed method using the PV-DM dependency feature improves the weight-F1 by 2.71%,the weight-recall by 2.45%,and the weight-precision by 2.64%in comparison with other strategies,saving approximately 46%of the labelled data compared with the machine learning approach.展开更多
Background:Schistosomiasis remains a major public health concern in China.Since 2004,an integrated strategy was developed to control the transmission of Schistosoma japonicum in China.However,the long-term effectivene...Background:Schistosomiasis remains a major public health concern in China.Since 2004,an integrated strategy was developed to control the transmission of Schistosoma japonicum in China.However,the long-term effectiveness of this integrated strategy for the interruption of schistosomiasis transmission remains unknown in the mountainous and hilly regions of China until now.This longitudinal study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the integrated strategy on transmission interruption of schistosomiasis in Sichuan Province from 2005 through 2014.Methods:The data regarding replacement of bovines with machines,improved sanitation,access to clean water,construction of public toilets and household latrines,snail control,chemotherapy,and health education were captured from the annual report of the schistosomiasis control programmes in Sichuan Province from 2005 to 2014,and S.japonicum infection in humans,bovines and snails were estimated to evaluate the effectiveness of the integrated strategy.Results:During the 10-year period from 2005 through 2014,a total of 536568 machines were used to replace bovines,and 3284333 household lavatories and 15523 public latrines were built.Tap water was supplied to 19116344 residents living in the endemic villages.A total of 230098 hm2 snail habitats were given molluscicide treatment,and 357233 hm2 snail habitats received environmental improvements.There were 7268138 humans and 840845 bovines given praziquantel chemotherapy.During the 10-year study period,information,education and communication(IEC)materials were provided to village officers,teachers and schoolchildren.The 10-year implementation of the integrated strategy resulted in a great reduction in S.japonicum infection in humans,bovines and snails.Since 2007,no acute infection was detected,and no schistosomiasis cases or infected bovines were identified since 2012.In addition,the snail habitats reduced by 62.39%in 2014 as compared to that in 2005,and no S.japonicum infection was identified in snails since 2007.By 2014,88.9%of the endemic counties achieved the transmission interruption of schistosomiasis and transmission control of schistosmiasis was achieved in the whole province in 2008.Conclusion:The government-directed and multi-department integrated strategy is effective for interrupting the transmission of schistosomiasis in the mountainous and hilly regions of China.展开更多
The article focuses on the design and application of an active reconfigurable controller that mitigates the effects of gust load and actuator faults on a flexible aircraft.A novel integrated adaptive output feedback s...The article focuses on the design and application of an active reconfigurable controller that mitigates the effects of gust load and actuator faults on a flexible aircraft.A novel integrated adaptive output feedback scheme is investigated to address the actuator faults.The real-time fault values provided by the fault estimation module are considered in the reconfigurable control law to improve the fault-tolerant capability.The estimate values of faults and control gains are calculated by analyzing the stability of the overall system.The proposed controller is simulated using a flexible aircraft model with a discrete‘1-cosine’gust,and the results show that it can effectively mitigate the wing root moments and recover the flight maneuver stability after the aircraft suffered from gusts.展开更多
Photodynamic(PDT)and photothermal therapies(PTT)are emerging treatments for tumour ablation.Organic dyes such as porphyrin,chlorin,phthalocyanine,boron-dipyrromethene and cyanine are the clinically or preclinically us...Photodynamic(PDT)and photothermal therapies(PTT)are emerging treatments for tumour ablation.Organic dyes such as porphyrin,chlorin,phthalocyanine,boron-dipyrromethene and cyanine are the clinically or preclinically used photosensitizer or photothermal agents.Development of structurally diverse near-infrared dyes with long absorption wavelength is of great significance for PDT and PTT.Herein,we report a novel near-infrared dye ML880 with naphthalimide modified cyanine skeleton.The introduction of naphthalimide moiety results in stronger electron delocalization and larger redshift in emission compared with IR820.Furthermore,ML880 is co-loaded with chemotherapeutic drug into ROS-responsive mesoporous organosilica(RMON)to construct nanomedicine NBD&ML@RMON,which exhibits remarkable tumor inhibition effects through PDT/PTT/chemotherapy in vivo.展开更多
文摘The professional and moral education of high school mathematics teachers will make classroom management work better,but their work pressure will also lead to classroom management problems.To do a good job in high school class teacher management and organically integrate it with mathematics teaching,we need to start from two aspects:mathematics teaching class teachers and class teacher work teaching,and penetrate mathematical thinking into daily classroom management,moral education,and classroom culture construction.Based on the attributes of the subject,we guide high school students to reflect after class to stimulate their self-management initiative through the cultivation of qualified class representatives.In addition,it is necessary to skillfully resolve classroom generative problems,change the roles of teachers and students,and integrate classroom management with mathematics teaching.
基金This work was supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(DUT20LAB123 and DUT20LAB307)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20191167).
文摘Improving the reversibility of anionic redox and inhibiting irreversible oxygen evolution are the main challenges in the application of high reversible capacity Li-rich Mn-based cathode materials.A facile synchronous lithiation strategy combining the advantages of yttrium doping and LiYO_(2) surface coating is proposed.Yttrium doping effectively suppresses the oxygen evolution during the delithiation process by increasing the energy barrier of oxygen evolution reaction through strong Y–O bond energy.LiYO_(2) nanocoating has the function of structural constraint and protection,that protecting the lattice oxygen exposed to the surface,thus avoiding irreversible oxidation.As an Li^(+) conductor,LiYO_(2) nano-coating can provide a fast Li^(+) transfer channel,which enables the sample to have excellent rate performance.The synergistic effect of Y doping and nano-LiYO_(2) coating integration suppresses the oxygen release from the surface,accelerates the diffusion of Li^(+)from electrolyte to electrode and decreases the interfacial side reactions,enabling the lithium ion batteries to obtain good electrochemical performance.The lithium-ion full cell employing the Y-1 sample(cathode)and commercial graphite(anode)exhibit an excellent specific energy density of 442.9 Wh kg^(-1) at a current density of 0.1C,with very stable safety performance,which can be used in a wide temperature range(60 to-15℃)stable operation.This result illustrates a new integration strategy for advanced cathode materials to achieve high specific energy density.
基金supported by the National Research Council of Thailand(NRCT)and Biodiversity-Based Economy Development Office(Public Organization)(BEDO),[Grant number.49/2559]。
文摘As an important sustainable development goal,the creation of low-carbon cities(LCCs)has become crucial to creating livable cities and environmental sustainability.Thus,we aimed to understand the factors that support the transition of traditional cities to LCCs,by analyzing and synthesizing how to promote practical LCC across 15 pilot municipalities in four regions of Thailand,covering four strategies:City of Trees,City of Waste Minimization,City of Energy Efficiency,and City of Sustainable Consumption.Literature research,in-depth interviews,and observations were employed for data collection,while the 5W(who,says what,in which channel,to whom,and with what effect)and SMCR(sender,message,channel,and receiver)models were used to create a communication analysis framework.Results revealed that the effective activities of municipalities should increase tree planting and implement more serious regulations for the conservation of existing trees.Making compost and establishing waste recycling banks are recommended for rural municipalities,while optimization of garbage and wastewater management systems and facilities should be highlighted in urban municipalities.Moreover,recycling,low-carbon agriculture,second-hand shops/markets,green markets,and homegrown vegetables should be encouraged for sustainable consumption.Working with local municipalities,credible leaders and representatives were the key senders.Additionally,message design should compare the pros and cons of behaviors,connect with local health and tourism,and promote dialogue in easy-to-understand and thought-provoking language.Receivers that drive LCC should have an excellent understanding of LCC practice and its benefits,be public-minded,and have a desire to live in a good environment.
文摘Based on the network teaching model,this article briefly summarizes the development of Chinese art history education in universities,analyzes the importance of integrating network teaching in Chinese art history lessons,and explores the integration strategy.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.:81973701)Innovation Team and Talents Cultivation Program of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(Grant No.:ZYYCXTD-D-202002)Westlake Laboratory(Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine).
文摘With the modernization and internationalization of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),the requirement for quality control has increased.The quality marker(Q-marker)is an important standard in this field and has been implemented with remarkable success in recent years.However,the establishment of Qmarkers remains fragmented and the process lacks systematicity,resulting in inconsistent quality control and insufficient correlation with clinical efficacy and safety of TCM.This review introduces four multimodal integrated approaches that contribute to the discovery of more comprehensive and accurate Qmarkers,thus aiding in the establishment of new quality control patterns based on the characteristics and principles of TCM.These include the whole-process quality control strategy,chemical-activity-based screening method,efficacy,safety,and consistent combination strategy,and TCM theory-guided approach.Furthermore,methodologies and representative examples of these strategies are described,and important future directions and questions in this field are also proposed.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (2015CB150404)the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest, China (201203096)the Project of Shandong Province Higher Educational Science and Technology Program, China (J15LF07)
文摘Understanding of how combinations of agronomic options can be used to improve the grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency(NUE) of winter wheat is limited. A three-year experiment involving four integrated management strategies was conducted from 2013 to 2015 in Tai'an, Shandong Province, China, to evaluate changes in grain yield and NUE. The integrated management treatments were as follows: current practice(T1); improvement of current practice(T2); high-yield management(T3), which aimed to maximize grain yield regardless of the cost of resource inputs; and integrated soil and crop system management(T4) with a higher seeding rate, delayed sowing date, and optimized nutrient management. Seeding rates increased by 75 seeds m^-2 with each treatment from T1(225 seeds m^-2) to T4(450 seeds m^-2). The sowing dates were delayed from T1(5 th Oct.) to T2 and T3(8 th Oct.), and to T4 treatment(12 th Oct.). T1, T2, T3, and T4 received 315, 210, 315, and 240 kg N ha^-1, 120, 90, 210 and 120 kg P2O5 ha^-1, 30, 75, 90, and 45 kg K2O ha^-1, respectively. The ratio of basal application to topdressing for T1, T2, T3, and T4 was 6:4, 5:5, 4:6, and 4:6, respectively, with the N topdressing applied at regreening for T1 and at jointing stage for T2, T3, and T4. The P fertilizers in all treatments were applied as basal fertilizer. The K fertilizer for T1 and T2 was applied as basal fertilizer while the ratio of basal application to topdressing(at jointing stage) of K fertilizer for both T3 and T4 was 6:4. T1, T2, T3, and T4 were irrigated five, four, four and three times, respectively. Treatment T3 produced the highest grain yield among all treatments over three years and the average yield was 9 277.96 kg ha^-1. Grain yield averaged across three years with the T4 treatment(8 892.93 kg ha^-1) was 95.85% of that with T3 and was 21.72 and 6.10% higher than that with T1(7 305.95 kg ha^-1) and T2(8 381.41 kg ha^-1), respectively. Treatment T2 produced the highest NUE of all the integrated treatments. The NUE with T4 was 95.36% of that with T2 and was 51.91 and 25.62% higher than that with T1 and T3, respectively. The N uptake efficiency(UPE) averaged across three years with T4 was 50.75 and 16.62% higher than that with T1and T3, respectively. The N utilization efficiency(UTE) averaged across three years with T4 was 7.74% higher than that with T3. The increased UPE with T4 compared with T3 could be attributed mostly to the lower available N in T4, while the increased UTE with T4 was mainly due to the highest N harvest index and low grain N concentration, which consequently led to improved NUE. The net profit for T4 was the highest among four treatments and was 174.94, 22.27, and 28.10% higher than that for T1, T2, and T3, respectively. Therefore, the T4 treatment should be a recommendable management strategy to obtain high grain yield, high NUE, and high economic benefits in the target region, although further improvements of NUE are required.
文摘The establishment and rapid rise of the European Union (EU) have increasingly made Europe an independent force. Objectively, the enlargement of both the EU and NATO has speeded up the process of European integration, and "One important link of Russia’s diplomacy
文摘The gradually ex—panding number of peo—pie suffering from hy—pertension and the trendof lowering of their ageindicate that one shouldpay more attention tothe illness and tOstrengthen preventionand treatment of it inorder tO elevate clinicaltherapeutic effect,so as
文摘Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)has been extensively used as a mainstay for treating various pathologies.Combing the pharmacology and systems biology approaches,the network pharmacology(NP)approach was developed to predict the probable mechanism underlying the therapeutic effect of TCM.However,approaches solely based on NP cannot effectively elucidate the curative mechanism in a holistic and reliable manner due to limitations in NP-based methods and complexity of TCM components.Thus,integration strategies combining NP with other approaches are increasingly being used.Since the interdisciplinary research in TCM has received much attention in the advent of the big data era of which the NPbased integration strategy is broadly used,the strategy is clearly elaborated in the present review.We summarized several NP-based integration strategies and their applications in TCM studies,including multi-omics approach,gut microbiota study,chemical information analysis,data-mining,and network toxicology study.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.30200266)the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University of Ministry of Education of China(No.NCET-09-928)
文摘At 0.12 mmol/L γ-glutamyl p-nitroaniline(GGPNA),an improved integrated method was developed for kinetic analysis of γ-glutamyltransferase(GGT) reaction process and the integration with the classical initial rate method to measure serum GGT.For the improved integrated method,an integrated rate equation,which used the predictor variable of reaction time and considered inhibitions by both GGPNA and products,was nonlinearly fit to GGT reaction processes.For the integration strategy,classical initial rates were estimated when GGPNA consumption percentages were below 50%;otherwise,maximal reaction rates of GGT were estimated by the improved integrated method and converted into initial rates according to the differential rate equation at 0.11 mmol/L GGPNA.The inte-gration strategy was validated using optimized GGT kinetic parameters and 10-s intervals to record reaction curves within 8.0 min.By the integration strategy,there was a linear response from 0.9 to 32.0 U/L GGT,coefficients of variation were below 3.5%for GGT from 8.0 to 32.0 U/L(n=5) ,and GGT activities in clinical sera responded linearly to their classical initial rates at 2.00 mmol/L GGPNA with an expected slope.Therefore,the integration strategy was successful in measuring GGT at 0.12 mmol/L GGPNA.
文摘Nowadays the self-healing techniques in ATM networks are highly considered. However, in mostof networks, the normal control and sell-healing control are separately considered. In this paper, intenttedATM VP-based control strategies for ATM survivable networks are prOPosed, which combine the normalcontrol and self-healing control in a unified wad, being able to operate under both normal conditions andcatastrophic failure situations. These strategies allow a cost-effective network plan and design.
基金supported by funding from the National Key Research and Development Program(2021YFF1000102 to Z.Y.)Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory(B21HJ0215)Fundamental Research Funds of State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology(2021CBE03)。
文摘Upland cotton is an important global cash crop for its long seed fibers and high edible oil and protein content.Progress in cotton genomics promotes the advancement of cotton genetics,evolutionary studies,functional genetics,and breeding,and has ushered cotton research and breeding into a new era.Here,we summarize high-impact genomics studies for cotton from the last 10 years.The diploid Gossypium arboreum and allotetraploid Gossypium hirsutum are the main focus of most genetic and genomic studies.We next review recent progress in cotton molecular biology and genetics,which builds on cotton genome sequencing efforts,population studies,and functional genomics,to provide insights into the mechanisms shaping abiotic and biotic stress tolerance,plant architecture,seed oil content,and fiber development.We also suggest the application of novel technologies and strategies to facilitate genome-based crop breeding.Explosive growth in the amount of novel genomic data,identified genes,gene modules,and pathways is now enabling researchers to utilize multidisciplinary genomics-enabled breeding strategies to cultivate"super cotton",synergistically improving multiple traits.These strategies must rise to meet urgent demands for a sustainable cotton industry.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.51974143,52274408,5220041313,52164050 and 51904134)Major Science and Technology Projects in Yunnan Province (Nos.202102AB080016,202103AA080004 and 202202AB080010)+3 种基金Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects (No.202201AW070014)Yunnan Ten Thousand Talents Project (No.YNWR-QNBJ-2018-111)Yunnan High-level Talent Project (No.YNQR-GCC-2019-010)the Program for Innovative Research Team in University of Ministry of Education of China (No.IRT_17R48)。
文摘The co-utilization of silicon(Si) and graphite(G) has been considered as the preferred strategy to achieve high energy density anode materials,but the effective synergistic integration of Si and graphite is still a challenge and it is necessary to find a scheme to accommodate the large-scale production of Si/graphite anodes.In this work,silicon cutting waste from the photovoltaic industry was used as raw material,mixed with graphite,pitch,and polyvinylpyrrolidone,and subjected to high-energy ball milling.The mixture was then heated in an Ar atmosphere for the carbon coating,and the resulting Si/graphite/carbon(Si/G/C) composite was etched to remove the thicker SiOx layer formed on the Si surface to allow the pores between the Si and the carbon matrix to obtain Si@voids/G@C.Benefiting from the integrated structural design and the significantly enhanced electronic conductivity,the Si/G@voids@C composite exhibited the first dischargespecific capacity of 2530 mAh·g^(-1) with an initial coulombic efficiency(ICE) of 86.7%,and the remaining capacity exceeded 1000 mAh·g^(-1) after 550 cycles at 1.5A·g^(-1).Notably,full lithium-ion batteries with a Si/G@voids@C anode and LiFePO_4 cathode delivered a stable capacity of 140 mAh·g^(-1).The synthesis method is facile and cost-effective,providing an integration strategy for Si and G with a potential scheme for large-scale commercial applications.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22179109,22005251)Chongqing Natural Science Foundation(No.cstc2020jcyj-zdxmX0010)Central University Fundamental Research Funds(No.SWU-KR22002)。
文摘Metal-sulfur/selenium batteries have become the focus of new-generation energy storage systems due to the advantages of low-cost and high energy density.However,it still suffers from the notorious shuttle of polysulfides/polyselenides,poor electronic conductivity and tremendous volume expansion.Herein,a dual defense system for polysulfides/polyselenides was proposed and constructed based on MXene.The nitrogen-doped porous carbon(NPC)decorated by Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)MXene(M@NPC)was employed as the SeS_(2)host(SeS_(2)@M@NPC).Particularly,Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)sheets wrapped on NPC guarantee the rapid ion diffusion and serve as the first barrier for SeS_(2)and dissolved sodium polysulfides/polyselenides.Meanwhile,the few-layered Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)sheets coated on glass fiber separators act as the second barrier for alleviating the shuttle of polysulfides/polyselenides through physical interception and chemical adsorption.With this elaborate design,the integrated Na-SeS_(2)battery achieves a high specific capacity of 1243 mAh·g^(-1)at 1.0C,revealing a distinct superiority over its counterparts(SeS_(2)@M@NPC,1083mAh·g^(-1)at 0.5C;and SeS_(2)@NPC,823 mAh·g^(-1)at 0.5C).The findings gained in this work provide a creative idea for the construction of durable room-temperature Na-SeS_(2)batteries based on MXenes and their derivative materials.
基金supported by the Scientific Research Funding Project of Education Department of Liaoning Province 2021,China(No.LJKZ0434).
文摘Since requirement dependency extraction is a cognitively challenging and error-prone task,this paper proposes an automatic requirement dependency extraction method based on integrated active learning strategies.In this paper,the coefficient of variation method was used to determine the corresponding weight of the impact factors from three different angles:uncertainty probability,text similarity difference degree and active learning variant prediction divergence degree.By combining the three factors with the proposed calculation formula to measure the information value of dependency pairs,the top K dependency pairs with the highest comprehensive evaluation value are selected as the optimal samples.As the optimal samples are continuously added into the initial training set,the performance of the active learning model using different dependency features for requirement dependency extraction is rapidly improved.Therefore,compared with other active learning strategies,a higher evaluation measure of requirement dependency extraction can be achieved by using the same number of samples.Finally,the proposed method using the PV-DM dependency feature improves the weight-F1 by 2.71%,the weight-recall by 2.45%,and the weight-precision by 2.64%in comparison with other strategies,saving approximately 46%of the labelled data compared with the machine learning approach.
基金This study was supported by the grant from the China UK Global Health Support Programme(grant no.GHSPOP101).
文摘Background:Schistosomiasis remains a major public health concern in China.Since 2004,an integrated strategy was developed to control the transmission of Schistosoma japonicum in China.However,the long-term effectiveness of this integrated strategy for the interruption of schistosomiasis transmission remains unknown in the mountainous and hilly regions of China until now.This longitudinal study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the integrated strategy on transmission interruption of schistosomiasis in Sichuan Province from 2005 through 2014.Methods:The data regarding replacement of bovines with machines,improved sanitation,access to clean water,construction of public toilets and household latrines,snail control,chemotherapy,and health education were captured from the annual report of the schistosomiasis control programmes in Sichuan Province from 2005 to 2014,and S.japonicum infection in humans,bovines and snails were estimated to evaluate the effectiveness of the integrated strategy.Results:During the 10-year period from 2005 through 2014,a total of 536568 machines were used to replace bovines,and 3284333 household lavatories and 15523 public latrines were built.Tap water was supplied to 19116344 residents living in the endemic villages.A total of 230098 hm2 snail habitats were given molluscicide treatment,and 357233 hm2 snail habitats received environmental improvements.There were 7268138 humans and 840845 bovines given praziquantel chemotherapy.During the 10-year study period,information,education and communication(IEC)materials were provided to village officers,teachers and schoolchildren.The 10-year implementation of the integrated strategy resulted in a great reduction in S.japonicum infection in humans,bovines and snails.Since 2007,no acute infection was detected,and no schistosomiasis cases or infected bovines were identified since 2012.In addition,the snail habitats reduced by 62.39%in 2014 as compared to that in 2005,and no S.japonicum infection was identified in snails since 2007.By 2014,88.9%of the endemic counties achieved the transmission interruption of schistosomiasis and transmission control of schistosmiasis was achieved in the whole province in 2008.Conclusion:The government-directed and multi-department integrated strategy is effective for interrupting the transmission of schistosomiasis in the mountainous and hilly regions of China.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Plan of China(No.2019YFB1706001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61773001)。
文摘The article focuses on the design and application of an active reconfigurable controller that mitigates the effects of gust load and actuator faults on a flexible aircraft.A novel integrated adaptive output feedback scheme is investigated to address the actuator faults.The real-time fault values provided by the fault estimation module are considered in the reconfigurable control law to improve the fault-tolerant capability.The estimate values of faults and control gains are calculated by analyzing the stability of the overall system.The proposed controller is simulated using a flexible aircraft model with a discrete‘1-cosine’gust,and the results show that it can effectively mitigate the wing root moments and recover the flight maneuver stability after the aircraft suffered from gusts.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants 21878088,12034008,21476077,11727810)Key projects of Shanghai Science and Technology Commission(18DZ1112703)Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism(Shanghai Municipal Education Commission,grant 2021 Sci&Tech 03-28)。
文摘Photodynamic(PDT)and photothermal therapies(PTT)are emerging treatments for tumour ablation.Organic dyes such as porphyrin,chlorin,phthalocyanine,boron-dipyrromethene and cyanine are the clinically or preclinically used photosensitizer or photothermal agents.Development of structurally diverse near-infrared dyes with long absorption wavelength is of great significance for PDT and PTT.Herein,we report a novel near-infrared dye ML880 with naphthalimide modified cyanine skeleton.The introduction of naphthalimide moiety results in stronger electron delocalization and larger redshift in emission compared with IR820.Furthermore,ML880 is co-loaded with chemotherapeutic drug into ROS-responsive mesoporous organosilica(RMON)to construct nanomedicine NBD&ML@RMON,which exhibits remarkable tumor inhibition effects through PDT/PTT/chemotherapy in vivo.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21872105,22072107)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LQ20B030001 and LY20E020002)。