U-Net Models for Representing Wind Stress Anomalies over the Tropical Pacific and Their Integrations with an Intermediate Coupled Model for ENSO Studies

El Niño-Southern Oscillation(ENSO)is the strongest interannual climate mode influencing the coupled ocean-atmosphere system in the tropical Pacific,and numerous dynamical and statistical models have been developed to simulate and predict it.In some simplified coupled ocean-atmosphere models,the relationship between sea surface temperature(SST)anomalies and wind stress(τ)anomalies can be constructed by statistical methods,such as singular value decomposition(SVD).In recent years,the applications of artificial intelligence(AI)to climate modeling have shown promising prospects,and the integrations of AI-based models with dynamical models are active areas of research.This study constructs U-Net models for representing the relationship between SSTAs andτanomalies in the tropical Pacific;the UNet-derivedτmodel,denoted asτUNet,is then used to replace the original SVD-basedτmodel of an intermediate coupled model(ICM),forming a newly AI-integrated ICM,referred to as ICM-UNet.The simulation results obtained from ICM-UNet demonstrate their ability to represent the spatiotemporal variability of oceanic and atmospheric anomaly fields in the equatorial Pacific.In the ocean-only case study,theτUNet-derived wind stress anomaly fields are used to force the ocean component of the ICM,the results of which also indicate reasonable simulations of typical ENSO events.These results demonstrate the feasibility of integrating an AI-derived model with a physics-based dynamical model for ENSO modeling studies.Furthermore,the successful integration of the dynamical ocean models with the AI-based atmospheric wind model provides a novel approach to ocean-atmosphere interaction modeling studies.

Colloidal quantum dot lasers and hybrid integrations

Colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) are semiconductor nanocrystalswith diameters about 2 to 20 nm. At such nanoscales,the CQDs exhibit obvious quantum and dielectric confinementeffects[1]. The CQDs are usually composed of II–VI, III–V,and IV–VI semiconductors fabricated by the low-cost wet chemicalsynthetic methods. The emission wavelengths of CQDs,which can be easily tuned by the sizes, shapes, and compositions,have already covered the whole range of the visible andnear-infrared (NIR) spectra (from 440 to 1530 nm). Owing tothe low-cost fabrications, high quantum yields (QYs^100%), tunableemission wavelengths, and outstanding stability, the solution-processable CQDs can act as the nanoscale buildingblocks with large gains, and they have attracted enormous attentionin the lasing applications in the past decade.

Power Integrations宣布采用Inno Switch3 IC的适配器设计已成功通过USBPD标准认证

设计符合USB PD 3.0+PPS标准;可动态设定的Inno Switch3-Pro IC助力智能手机、笔记本电脑和平板电脑快速充电深耕于高压集成电路高能效电源转换领域的知名公司Power Integrations公司(纳斯达克股票代号:POWI)今日宣布基于Power Integrations的Inno Switch?3-Pro和Inno Switch3-CP IC的一系列适配器设计已通过USB功率传输(PD) 3.0标准认证。

Power Integrations推出LYTSwitch-6 LED驱动器IC,可实现高效率和极低待机功率

高效率、高可靠性LED驱动器IC领域的业界领导者Power Integrations公司今日推出LYTSwitch?-6系列安全隔离型LED驱动器IC,为智能照明应用再添新选择。新IC可提供65 W无闪烁输出,效率可高达94%,并且待机功率低至15 m W,同时提供支持两级或单级PFC的配置选项。LYTSwitch-6 IC针对家用和商用照明以及薄型天花板凹槽灯应用而设计。

Power Integrations推出LYTSwitch-6 LED驱动器IC,可实现高效率和极低待机功率

高效率、高可靠性LED驱动器IC领域的业界领导者Power Integrations公司今日推出LYTSwitchTM-6系列安全隔离型LED驱动器IC,为智能照明应用再添新选择。新IC可提供65 W无闪烁输出,效率可高达94%,并且待机功率低至15 mW,同时提供支持两级或单级PFC的配置选项。LYTSwitch-6 IC针对家用和商用照明以及薄型天花板凹槽灯应用而设计。

Power Integrations与Casambi Technologies联合推出调光调色智能照明参考设计

12 W LED筒灯设计支持借助智能手机应用程序通过蓝牙进行先进的调光和色彩管理高效率、高可靠性LED驱动器IC领域的世界领导者Power Integrations公司与Casambi Technologies OY联合发布一款全新的参考设计(DER—612)。这是一款适用于智能照明应用的具备功率因数校正的恒压(CV)、恒流(CC)12

Power Integrations离线式小功率变换器IC LinkSwitch-XT2系列

Power Integrations推出Link Switch-XT2系列离线式小功率变换器IC,新器件可提供高精度、高效率以及出色的空载性能。Link Switch-XT2 IC适用于要求对输出电压和输出电流提供精确调整的隔离及非隔离反激式应用。新IC在宽输入范围设计中可提供6.1W的输出功率,在230VAC敞开式应用中可提供9.2W的输出功率。Link Switch-XT2产品系列适用于反激式拓扑结构。

Power Integrations推出无需中线连接的墙壁开关方案,可实现对智能家居照明的无线控制

适用于现有布线及LED照明应用的单极智能墙壁开关参考设计高效率、高可靠性LED驱动器IC领域的世界领导者Power Integrations近日发布一款全新的参考设计DER-622。这是一款可兼容住宅改造中最常见的布线条件的智能墙壁开关。出他们的产品。通常,具备无线连接、人体感应传感和/或语音控制功能的智能墙壁开关都需要中线连接为装置供电,这种要求在对现有线路进行改造的情况下有时难以满足。

Power Integrations推出全新5A峰值电流门极驱动器,可降低系统复杂度及成本

中高压逆变器应用领域IGBT和MOSFET驱动器技术的领导者Power Integrations推出SCALE-i Driver?IC家族最新成员SID1102K——采用宽体e SOP封装的单通道隔离型IGBT和MOSFET门极驱动器。新器件具有5 A峰值驱动电流,在不使用推动级的情况下可驱动300 A开关器件;可以使用外部推动级以高性价比的方式将门极电流增大到60 A峰值。

Efficiency analysis of numerical integrations for finite element substructure in real-time hybrid simulation

Finite element（FE） is a powerful tool and has been applied by investigators to real-time hybrid simulations（RTHSs）. This study focuses on the computational efficiency, including the computational time and accuracy, of numerical integrations in solving FE numerical substructure in RTHSs. First, sparse matrix storage schemes are adopted to decrease the computational time of FE numerical substructure. In this way, the task execution time（TET） decreases such that the scale of the numerical substructure model increases. Subsequently, several commonly used explicit numerical integration algorithms, including the central difference method（CDM）, the Newmark explicit method, the Chang method and the Gui-λ method, are comprehensively compared to evaluate their computational time in solving FE numerical substructure. CDM is better than the other explicit integration algorithms when the damping matrix is diagonal, while the Gui-λ（λ = 4） method is advantageous when the damping matrix is non-diagonal. Finally, the effect of time delay on the computational accuracy of RTHSs is investigated by simulating structure-foundation systems. Simulation results show that the influences of time delay on the displacement response become obvious with the mass ratio increasing, and delay compensation methods may reduce the relative error of the displacement peak value to less than 5% even under the large time-step and large time delay.

RETHINKING TO FINITE DIFFERENCE TIME-STEP INTEGRATIONS

The numerical time step integrations of PDEs are mainly carried out by the finitedifference method to date. However,when the time step becomes longer, it causes theproblem of numerical instability,. The explicit integration schemes derived by the singlepoint precise integration method given in this paper are proved unconditionally stable.Comparisons between the schemes derived by the finite difference method and theschemes by the method employed in the present paper are made for diffusion andconvective-diffusion equations. Nunierical examples show the superiority of the singlepoint integration method.

Error Control Strategies for Numerical Integrations in Fast Collocation Methods

We propose two error control techniques for numerical integrations in fast multiscale collocation methods for solving Fredholm integral equations of the second kind with weakly singular kernels. Both techniques utilize quadratures for singular integrals using graded points. One has a polynomial order of accuracy if the integrand has a polynomial order of smoothness except at the singular point and the other has exponential order of accuracy if the integrand has an infinite order of smoothness except at the singular point. We estimate the order of convergence and computational complexity of the corresponding approximate solutions of the equation. We prove that the second technique preserves the order of convergence and computational complexity of the original collocation method. Numerical experiments are presented to illustrate the theoretical estimates.

Combination of Loosely and Compactly Coupled Integrations of CAD Tools and Its Applications In SAW Devices Design and Fabrication

A combination of the loosely and compactly coupled integrations of CAD tools and its applications in the design and fabrication of surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices are proposed in this paper. Three core modules are developed as design and mask pattern verification module,database module, and device characteristics simulation module. All the operations are controlled under Microsoft Windows GUI interface. This leads to a reduced design and fabrication cycle, workload and cost. With the knowledge-based library for intelligent design and Lotus Notes database for distributed and networked engineering database management (EDM) and effective control of documents, a new enterprise-leveled, computer-integrated design and manufacturing system (CIDMS)can be established for monolithic and hybrid device design (not only confined to SAW device).

“One Core,Two Sources”:The Endogenous Logic of China’s Path to Develop Human Rights from the Perspective of“Two Integrations”

Abstract:The development of China’s human rights path is driv-en by both external and internal factors,influenced by general prin-ciples of human rights worldwide while also following China’s own endogenous logic.The concept of the“Two Integrations”reflects the continuous theoretical innovation of the Chinese Communist Party based on China’s national conditions,significantly illustrating the en-dogenous logic of China’s human rights path.Among these,the“basic principles of Marxism”occupy a“core”position within the endoge-nous logic of China’s human rights path,and to some extent,embody an understanding of the inherent laws of human rights.Meanwhile,“China’s specific realities”and“fine traditional Chinese culture”serve as the“living water sources”for the ongoing advancement of China’s human rights.The“Two Integrations”represent an intrinsic requirement of historical materialism and practical materialism.The logical structure of“One Core,Two Sources”explains the endogenous nature of China’s human rights path,offering both an interpretation of the driving forces behind China’s human rights path and a defense of its rationality.

Astrocytes integrate time and space

Astrocytes read and react to synaptic transmission through tripartite synapses,where the binding of neurotransmitters onto astrocytic receptors triggers an increase in intracellular calcium.Recent investigations have revealed that astrocytes exhibit two distinct states of intracellular calcium activity:(1)graded subcellular localized clusters with independently active microdomains,likely influenced by nearby synaptic events,and(2)whole-cell astrocyte calcium surges,believed to result from the coordinated activation of multiple synapses.Notably,astrocyte calcium responses are not solely graded;instead,a spatial threshold of intracellular calcium activity can be overcome to elicit an astrocyte calcium surge.Together these calcium responses,in turn,initiate downstream signaling pathways capable of modifying synaptic communication and overall network activity.In summary,astrocytes can function as integrators of local synaptic events,actively contributing to information processing within the brain.

Multisensory mechanisms of gait and balance in Parkinson’s disease:an integrative review

Understanding the neural underpinning of human gait and balance is one of the most pertinent challenges for 21st-century translational neuroscience due to the profound impact that falls and mobility disturbances have on our aging population.Posture and gait control does not happen automatically,as previously believed,but rather requires continuous involvement of central nervous mechanisms.To effectively exert control over the body,the brain must integrate multiple streams of sensory information,including visual,vestibular,and somatosensory signals.The mechanisms which underpin the integration of these multisensory signals are the principal topic of the present work.Existing multisensory integration theories focus on how failure of cognitive processes thought to be involved in multisensory integration leads to falls in older adults.Insufficient emphasis,however,has been placed on specific contributions of individual sensory modalities to multisensory integration processes and cross-modal interactions that occur between the sensory modalities in relation to gait and balance.In the present work,we review the contributions of somatosensory,visual,and vestibular modalities,along with their multisensory intersections to gait and balance in older adults and patients with Parkinson’s disease.We also review evidence of vestibular contributions to multisensory temporal binding windows,previously shown to be highly pertinent to fall risk in older adults.Lastly,we relate multisensory vestibular mechanisms to potential neural substrates,both at the level of neurobiology(concerning positron emission tomography imaging)and at the level of electrophysiology(concerning electroencephalography).We hope that this integrative review,drawing influence across multiple subdisciplines of neuroscience,paves the way for novel research directions and therapeutic neuromodulatory approaches,to improve the lives of older adults and patients with neurodegenerative diseases.