Multi-level intelligence empowering lithium-ion batteries

With the significant and widespread application of lithium-ion batteries,there is a growing demand for improved performances of lithium-ion batteries.The intricate degradation throughout the whole lifecycle profoundly impacts the safety,durability,and reliability of lithium-ion batteries.To ensure the long-term,safe,and efficient operation of lithium-ion batteries in various fields,there is a pressing need for enhanced battery intelligence that can withstand extreme events.This work reviews the current status of intelligent battery technology from three perspectives:intelligent response,intelligent sensing,and intelligent management.The intelligent response of battery materials forms the foundation for battery stability,the intelligent sensing of multi-dimensional signals is essential for battery management,and the intelligent management ensures the long-term stable operation of lithium-ion batteries.The critical challenges encountered in the development of intelligent battery technology from each perspective are thoroughly analyzed,and potential solutions are proposed,aiming to facilitate the rapid development of intelligent battery technologies.

Engineering Design Optimization Based on Intelligent Response Surface Methodology

An intelligent response surface methodology (IRSM) was proposed to achieve the most competitive metal forming products, in which artificial intelligence technologies are introduced into the optimization process. It is used as simple and inexpensive replacement for computationally expensive simulation model. In IRSM, the optimal design space can be reduced greatly without any prior information about function distribution. Also, by identifying the approximation error region, new design points can be supplemented correspondingly to improve the response surface model effectively. The procedure is iterated until the accuracy reaches the desired threshold value. Thus, the global optimization can be performed based on this substitute model. Finally, we present an optimization design example about roll forming of a "U" channel product.

An Intelligent Response Surface Methodology for Modeling of Domain Level Constraints

An effective modeling method of domain level constraints in the constraint network for concurrent engineering (CE) was developed. The domain level constraints were analyzed and the framework of modeling of domain level constraints based on simulation and approximate technology was given. An intelligent response surface methodology (IRSM) was proposed, in which artificial intelligence technologies are introduced into the optimization process. The design of crank and connecting rod in the V6 engine as example was given to show the validity of the modeling method.

Intelligent responsive self-assembled micro-nanocapsules:Used to delay gel gelation time

In the application of polymer gels to profile control and water shutoff,the gelation time will directly determine whether the gel can"go further"in the formation,but the most of the methods for delaying gel gelation time are complicated or have low responsiveness.There is an urgent need for an effective method for delaying gel gelation time with intelligent response.Inspired by the slow-release effect of drug capsules,this paper uses the self-assembly effect of gas-phase hydrophobic SiO_(2) in aqueous solution as a capsule to prepare an intelligent responsive self-assembled micro-nanocapsules.The capsule slowly releases the cross-linking agent under the stimulation of external conditions such as temperature and pH value,thus delaying gel gelation time.When the pH value is 2 and the concentration of gas-phase hydrophobic SiO_(2) particles is 10%,the gelation time of the capsule gel system at 30,60,90,and 120℃is12.5,13.2,15.2,and 21.1 times longer than that of the gel system without containing capsule,respectively.Compared with other methods,the yield stress of the gel without containing capsules was 78 Pa,and the yield stress after the addition of capsules was 322 Pa.The intelligent responsive self-assembled micronanocapsules prepared by gas-phase hydrophobic silica nanoparticles can not only delay the gel gelation time,but also increase the gel strength.The slow release of cross-linking agent from capsule provides an effective method for prolongating the gelation time of polymer gels.

Thermo-responsive functionalized PNIPAM@Ag/Ag3PO4/CN-heterostructure photocatalyst with switchable photocatalytic activity

It is extremely important for photocatalysts to exhibit intelligent responsiveness to their environment. Herein, a poly N-isopropyl acrylamide(PNIPAM)-modified Ag/Ag3PO4-20/CN hybrid material with excellent convertible photocatalytic activity is prepared. PNIPAM has good hydrophilicity below the lower critical solution temperature(LCST);this increases the capacity of the photocatalyst for adsorbing tetracycline(TC) molecules. In addition, the PNIPAM-modified Ag/Ag3PO4-20/CN can prevent the loss of Ag3PO4. The dispersity is improved by loading g-C3N4 nanosheets(CN) for enhancing the efficiency of photocatalytic activity. Furthermore, a Z-scheme heterostructure is formed between CN and Ag3PO4, accelerating the separation efficiency of the holes and electrons. Ag nanoparticles can be used as electron-shuttle mediators, and electrons receiving more energy are transferred via the localized surface plasmon resonance(LSPR) effect. Furthermore, the PNIPAM@Ag/Ag3PO4-20/CN photocatalyst exhibits an excellent degradation rate for the degradation of TC when the temperature is lower than the LCST. The photoluminescence spectra and photocurrent curves prove that the carrier-separation efficiency of PNIPAM@Ag/Ag3PO4-20/CN is higher than those of Ag/Ag3PO4/CN and CN. The main active species of ·O2-and h+ are detected to reveal the plausible mechanism of the PNIPAM@Ag/Ag3PO4-20/CN hybrid material system. This work provides a way to develop intelligent materials for switchable photocatalytic applications.

Controlling the Chain Folding for the Synthesis of Single-Chain Polymer Nanoparticles Using Thermoresponsive Polymers

Synthetic polymer single-chain nanoparticles(SCNPs)are an emerging new class of nanomaterials that possess similar folded structures as natural proteins.However,most SCNPs reported so far are packed loosely in their interior,resembling those of intrinsically disordered proteins(IDPs).Here,we report a facile strategy to synthesize SCNPs with controllable folding in aqueous solution.