Incentive-compatible and budget balanced AGV mechanism for peer-to-peer energy trading in smart grids

Peer-to-peer(P2P)energy trading refers to a type of decentralized transaction,where the energy from distributed energy resources is directly traded between peers.A key challenge in peer-to-peer energy trading is designing a safe,efficient,and transparent trading model and operating mechanism.In this study,we consider a P2P trading environment based on blockchain technology,where prosumers can submit bids or offers without knowing the reports of others.We propose an Arrow-d’Aspremont-Gerard-Varet(AGV)-based mechanism to encourage prosumers to submit their real reserve price and determine the P2P transaction price.We demonstrate that the AGV mechanism can achieve Bayesian incentive compatibility and budget balance.Kernel density estimation(KDE)is used to derive the prior distribution from the historical bid/offer information of the agents.Case studies are carried out to analyze and evaluate the proposed mechanism.Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed mechanism in guiding agents to report the true reserve price while maximizing social welfare.Moreover,we discuss the advantages of budget balance for decentralized trading by comparing the Vickrey-Clarke-Groves(VCG)and AGV mechanisms.

Estimating Evapotranspiration Using Chloride Mass Balance in a New Mexico Paired Basin Study 2009-2019

A paired basin study in the upper Santa Fe River watershed following forest thinning and prescribed burns successfully measured water budget components in a treated and an untreated (control) basin. The paired basin study was established to investigate questions that have arisen regarding changes in water yield from forest treatments. Precipitation, stream flow, soil moisture, and chloride concentrations in precipitation and stream flow were measured to quantify the water budget components. The results from eleven years of data collection and analysis have a high degree of confidence with respect to measuring the water budget components based on the mass balance of water and chloride. The differences in the geologic structure and topography between the two paired basins appeared to impact the water budgets more than the forest treatments, except during periods when winter precipitation and snowmelt represented a significant component of inflow. Although this paired basin study was not able to portray a simple relationship between forest thinning and water yield, the chloride concentration methodology used to estimate evapotranspiration (ET) was successful. These detailed observations of chloride deposition and transport characteristics may be relevant for other researchers working in forested basins with substantial ET. ET rates were estimated by examining the cycle of chloride entering and exiting each basin over six integration periods. ET was estimated to be about 90% to 94% of precipitation in the treated basin and 77% to 86% in the control basin. The higher ET in the treated basin both before and after forest treatments may be due to the much greater area of west-facing hillslopes in the treated basin, which receive warm afternoon sun, and the greater area of rock cover in the control basin. Variation in the chloride concentration of collected precipitation samples from different sites indicates that horizontal precipitation of chloride in the tree canopy is an important consideration when using the chloride mass balance approach to calculate water budget components.

Improving the Efficiency of the State Budget Balance in Vietnam

The state budget balance is always an extremely important issue for each government.In 2020,Vietnam has a relatively small-scale economy.Its economic scale and GDP per capita reached 271.2 billion USD and 2,779 USD respectively.Budget revenue is still limited,but the need for recurrent spending and development investment is still very large now and in many years to come.In the past time,budget revenue and expenditure are in a situation of not having the necessary balance,the state budget deficit has been still around 4.5 percent of GDP.The actual state budget revenue and expenditure balance have been revealing several disadvantages.Faced to such a situation,the author would like to present some important issues about the state budget revenue and expenditure and propose key solutions to increase the efficiency of state budget revenue and expenditure in Vietnam.

平衡计分卡在公共部门预算绩效管理中的应用分析——基于学习与成长视角的考察

作为平衡计分卡的基础,学习与成长视角不仅是平衡计分卡价值创造的动力和源泉,而且融入了预算绩效管理的各个环节。但是在具体应用中,平衡计分卡仍然面临着学习反馈与人才培养机制有待完善、预算绩效信息质量急需提高等一系列挑战。在未来的改革中,应不断优化预算绩效管理中的学习反馈机制,将奖惩激励措施有机融入人才培养机制,通过多元化数据来源和建立平衡计分卡专项数据库等手段,持续提升预算绩效信息管理的技术水平。

平衡计分卡联合层次分析法研究农业科研单位预算绩效评价

【目的】首次联合运用平衡计分卡和层次分析法,建立普遍适用于农业科研单位预算绩效评价方法,旨在进一步提高农业科研单位预算绩效评价管理水平。【方法】基于平衡计分卡理论,运用财务、内部运营、产出效益、学习与成长4个维度,构建农业科研单位预算绩效管理评价指标体系;利用层次分析法对构建的绩效管理评价指标的重要程度计分,构建判断矩阵确定相应的权重,最后计算综合得分。【结果】对研究对象A单位连续4年的数据计算分析发现,A单位的财务和产出效益2个维度所占权重较大,分别为47.63%和38.51%,而内部运营、学习与成长2个维度所占权重较低,分别为19.15%和13.47%。权重分布显示A单位对科研经费和科研产出较为重视。研究结果进一步显示,A单位2023年发展情况较好,但还需要强化经费预算执行率、科研创新平台、专利、科技服务、新品种培育等,才能更好实现科技投入的效率和质量。【结论】与传统的绩效评价方法相比,本文基于平衡计分卡理论和层次分析法建立的农业科研单位预算绩效评价方法,不仅融入了非财务指标维度,还将定量与定性指标相结合,能够多角度、全方位、个性化对目标对象开展更加科学的预算绩效评价,使科技投入效能和资金管理水平进一步提升。

基于区域水平衡理论和SWAT模型的沁河流域水收支平衡演变分析

基于区域水平衡理论和SWAT模型,提出了分布式水收支平衡模型的构建思路及水收支平衡计算方法,对人类活动和未来气候变化情景下的沁河流域水收支平衡状况进行模拟,并通过皮尔逊相关系数和Mann-Kendall检验方法分析了水收支平衡的关键影响要素及其演变规律。结果表明:2010—2016年沁河流域蓄水总量呈下降趋势,降水量及出口径流量为沁河流域水收支平衡相对关键的影响要素;未来多气候情景下蓄水总量呈上升趋势,多年平均降水量及出口径流量两个关键影响要素的总体变化情况与辐射强迫水平呈正相关关系;典型气候情景SSP2-4.5下降水量及出口径流量在2037—2041年、2061—2063年可能存在突变。

基于平衡计分卡的职业院校整体全面预算绩效管理体系构建

全面实施预算绩效管理是建立现代财政制度的重要组成部分。当前职业院校预算绩效管理存在重视程度不够、机构职责不清、指标设计不科学、绩效管理水平低的问题。基于平衡计分卡构建职业院校整体全面预算绩效管理体系可以提升资金使用效益、促进全方位预算绩效管理的实施、保障财务管理任务的落实。通过建立基本支出绩效表、项目支出绩效表、整体支出绩效表、职能部门绩效考核表,最终构建职业院校整体全面预算绩效管理体系。

试析平衡计分卡视角的企业预算绩效评价

平衡计分卡作为先进的绩效评价方法,通过平衡计分卡视角对企业预算绩效进行评价,能够合理分析企业预算的财务维度和非财务维度工作完成的效果,合理评价企业工作流程开展的情况。但是部分企业在执行预算绩效评价过程中还存在一定问题,无法严格按照平衡计分卡的要点执行管理,导致企业预算无法得到合理分析。因此,文章站在平衡计分卡视角探讨了企业预算绩效评价的方法,对企业形成科学的预算绩效评价体系具有一定参考意义。

Study on Soil Respiration Characteristics and Carbon Balance of <i>Kobresia pygmaea</i>Meadow in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China

Although soil respiration is the largest contributor to C flux from terrestrial ecosystems to the atmosphere, our understanding of its characteristics and carbon budget in alpine meadow is rather limited because of extremely geographic situation. This study was designed to examine soil CO2 efflux characteristics of diurnal and seasonal variation, thus obtaining estimates of carbon balance of Kobresia pygmaea meadow in Qinghai-Tibet plateau. The results showed that the soil respiration of diurnal and seasonal rate changed little in growing season and was mainly affected by temperature, and single peak curve that showed afternoon appeared. Composite model which was set by soil respiration rate, soil moisture content and temperature (atmospheric temperature and soil temperature) could explain better the variations of soil respiration rate. The variation range of Q10 ranged from 1.28 to 2.34, which was sensitive to temperature in green-up period and late growth stage, and decreased in growth peak period. Meanwhile, during the growing seasons the observed amount of annual carbon fixation via primary production for Kobresia pygmaea meadow ecosystem was about 120.21 g C·m-2·a-1. The carbon dioxide output via soil heterotrophic respiration was about 37.54 g C·m-2·a-1. So carbon budget had more input than output. The Kobresia pygmaea meadow ecosystem has stronger potential to absorb carbon dioxide, it was a sink of atmospheric CO2, and the plant community had a net carbon gain of 82.67 g C·m-2·a-1.

Energy Balance of Irrigated Intercropping Field in the Middle Reaches of Heihe River Basin

Based on the experiments conducted in an irrigated intercropping field in Zhangye Oasis in the middle reaches of Heihe River basin in 2004, the characteristics of radiation budget are analyzed. Furthermore, energy balance is cal- culated by using Bowen-Ratio Energy Balance (BREB) method. The results show that the ratio of the absorbed radiation to the incoming short radiation in intercropping crop canopy-soil system is increasing with growing stages, from 0.81 in the initial growing stage (IGS) to 0.86 in the late growing stage (LGS). The net radiation, which is smaller in IGS, in- creases rapidly in the first period of the middle growing stage (MGS) and reaches the maximum value in the second period of MGS. It then somewhat decreases in LGS. The ratio of net radiation to total radiation has a similar trend with the net radiation. In the whole growing stages, latent heat flux, which takes up 70% or so of the net radiation, is the dominant item in energy balance. Sensible heat flux shares 20% of the net radiation and soil heat flux has a percentage of 10%. The characteristics of heat balance vary distinctly in different growing stages. In IGS, the ratios of latent heat flux, sensible heat flux and soil heat flux to net radiation are 44.5%, 23.8% and 31.7% respectively. In MGS, with the in- creasing of latent heat flux and the decreasing of sensible heat flux and soil heat flux, the ratios turn into 84.4%, 6.3% and 9.3%. In LGS, the soil heat flux maintains 0W/m2 or so, and latent heat flux and sensible heat flux take up 61.4% and 38.6% respectively. The energy balance also shows an obvious daily variation characteristic.

青藏高原水体碳源汇过程的重新认知与挑战

陆地-大气和陆地-水体的碳输送与碳交换共同决定了陆地生态系统的碳平衡,但长期以来青藏高原水体由于缺乏有效的观测数据,导致青藏高原水体一直是全球碳循环研究中被忽视的碳汇功能区。本研究聚焦青藏高原水体,重新认知水体碳侵蚀与碳沉积对青藏高原固碳的重要作用,系统分析河湖库-大气间的碳运移与交换时空格局与驱动机制。通过归纳总结发现:(1)青藏高原河流岩石风化速率以及CO_(2)消耗速率较高,强烈的侵蚀作用对地球系统吸收和平衡CO_(2)浓度起着重要的调控作用;(2)青藏高原湖泊是内陆生态系统的重要碳库,12 ka以来湖泊沉积物碳储量约为73 kg C/m^(2);(3)青藏高原湖泊浮游植物和水生植物影响内陆水体C沉积,年均初级生产力达(553±36)mg C/(m^(2)·d)。(4)青藏高原湖泊目前为“碳源”,碳排放量约为2.27 Tg C/a。此外,本文还阐明青藏高原水体碳源汇过程评估的不确定性,以及从方法学角度分析如何加强其水体的碳循环研究,厘清全球变化下青藏高原水体的碳源汇机制,并展望了青藏高原水体碳源汇功能未来研究所面临的挑战,从而为深入理解全球变化下青藏高原生态系统在碳中和过程中的作用提供科学依据。

论我国社会效益债券的运行风险及其防控

社会效益债券是跨政府、市场和社会三方协同合作的社会治理新模式,能够有效缓解经济发展与多元化社会公共需求之间的矛盾。但是,我国社会效益债券发展尚处在初级阶段,存在项目适用范围不明确、第三方评估机制欠缺、公共财政风险多元化等问题。我国应当推动社会效益债券本土化发展,吸收借鉴国际经验和教训,同时结合我国国情,明确社会效益债券项目的适用范围,建立高效的第三方评估机制,规范公共财政管理制度,以防范社会效益债券的运行风险,并将其纳入法治轨道,实现社会效益债券可持续发展。

长三角地区县域碳收支时空动态及碳平衡分区

碳收支核算及碳平衡分区对于推动区域生态环境协同治理、实现高质量发展具有重要意义。文章以长三角地区301个县级单元为研究对象,引入碳补偿率、碳平衡压力指数、碳生态承载系数和经济贡献系数等方法探究2000一2017年长三角碳收支时空分异与碳平衡分区,并提出以低碳发展为导向的碳补偿空间优化方案。结果表明:①长三角地区碳排放总体呈先急剧上升后高位波动的演变趋势,由2000年的5.6亿t增长至2017年的15.6亿t,区域碳排放差异程度呈缩小态势,高碳排放空间聚集性逐渐增强;②长三角地区植被固碳功能在抵消当地能源碳排放中发挥着重要作用,整体空间格局较为稳定,但空间异质性较大;③长三角地区碳平衡压力呈由中心向外围递减的变化态势,县域碳补偿率呈递减趋势,平均补偿率为68.5%,空间匹配较差;④基于碳平衡分析,将长三角地区空间划分为碳汇功能区、低碳经济区、低碳优化区、碳强度控制区及高碳优化区5类区域,并在此基础上提出长三角县级不同功能区差别化碳补偿空间优化方案和低碳发展策略。

河南省地方高校预算绩效管理分析——以X高校为例

高校预算绩效管理不仅能实现资源优化配置而且能防范财务风险,提升高校财务管理水平,促进高校持续健康发展。文章以河南省X高校为例,在对其预算绩效管理现状分析的基础上,结合实际对河南省地方高校预算绩效管理存在的问题进行剖析,并从构建高校预算绩效评价体系、加强技术支撑、打造专业人才队伍三个方面提出对策建议。

军队医院预算绩效评价指标体系的构建

随着军费管理体制改革的不断深入,为更好发挥预算对军队建设的支撑、调控、服务作用,预算绩效管理已逐步成为军费管理改革的重要抓手,构建一个完备的预算绩效评价指标体系更是确保预算绩效评价工作落地的关键环节。结合军队医院经费管理特点,将平衡计分卡及关键绩效指标概念引入预算绩效管理中,建立了具有军队医院特色的预算绩效评价考核指标体系,为军队医院开展相关工作提供参考。

全域战概念对美军军事力量建设的影响及我军应对策略——基于《美国防部2022财年防务预算》分析

为借鉴美军军事力量建设经验,提升我军军事建设实力,基于对《美国防部2022财年防务预算》解读,详细分析全域战概念内涵,及美军全域战思想下对新型军事力量建设和发展的影响,提出深化作战理论研究迈向全域作战的更高层次、改变传统战术策略重点发展“非对称制衡”手段和完善智能化部队建设形成全域精确作战力量3条应对策略。

工程造价预结算审核中问题分析及对策

近年,我国建筑工程项目不断发展壮大,市场竞争日渐激烈。工程造价预结算审核是控制项目成本,确定项目资产的科学依据。本研究以实际工程造价预结算审核经验为基础,分析其在项目编制、科学投资和成本控制方面的重要作用,并探析实际项目造价预结算审核中的不足及对策,以此保证项目造价的科学性。

基于GIS的土地利用碳收支时空分异及碳平衡分区研究——以大连市为例

开展土地利用碳收支评估并构建碳平衡分区优化框架,对于制定适宜土地利用低碳发展策略、指导碳补偿额度流向及推动区域高质量发展具有重要意义。基于土地利用数据和社会经济数据,通过重心转移法、标准差椭圆法、基尼系数,生态承载系数等多种方法,探究了2010-2020年大连市各区县土地利用碳收支时空变化及其空间差异特征,并从生态及净碳排放量角度进行了碳平衡类型区划分。结果表明:(1)2010-2020年大连市土地利用碳排放量总体持续增长,由西南向东北方向递减,碳吸收量呈现北高南低的态势,碳源主要来源于建设用地上的能源消费,碳汇主要为林地;(2)2010-2020年大连市碳源与碳汇分异格局基本保持稳定,碳排放重心略向西南移动,碳吸收重心持续向东北方向移动;(3)2010-2020年大连市碳补偿率逐渐下降,基尼系数先下降后上升,大连市各区县的碳补偿率具有明显的空间差异,且空间差距先缩小后增大;(4)根据生态承载系数和净碳排放量,将研究区划分为绿色发展区、碳排放保持区、碳排放控制区、低碳优化区和高碳优化区,并在此基础上提出低碳优化策略及建议。

冬小麦能量平衡及蒸散分配的季节变化分析

本文分析了华北平原冬小麦生态系统辐射收支、热量平衡以及蒸散在冠层蒸腾和土壤蒸发之间的分配特征。结果发现，在冬小麦生长过程中，系统截获的太阳短波辐射随小麦的生长而变，它占太阳总辐射的比例，初期为０．８左右，尔后随叶面积的增加而逐渐下降，在孕穗期最小，约为０．７５，之后，随叶片枯黄、麦穗的成长又上升，最后可达０．８６。净辐射占太阳总辐射的比例，可分成如下３个阶段：拔节期比值较低，约为０．４５；孕穗抽穗期约为０．５；灌浆期比值最大，约０．５７。随着叶面积指数（ＬＡＩ）的增加，土壤热通量与净辐射之比，由返青初期的０．１３迅速下降，直至较为稳定的０．０６。潜热通量消耗净辐射的大部分，且随ＬＡＩ的增加而增大。从返青到乳熟的５８天内（４月１日～５月２８日），麦田总蒸散量约为２５０ｍｍ，其中土壤蒸发量约为５０ｍｍ，冠层蒸腾约为２００ｍｍ，分别占总蒸散量的２０％和８０％。

养殖水环境中氮的循环与平衡

养殖水环境中 ,由于人为的介入和影响 ,使得水体中氮的各种形态转化和循环过程发生了改变。笔者详细地介绍了养殖水环境中氮的各种存在形态 ,及其相互之间的转化和循环过程 ,同时总结了前人研究和提出的各种养殖水环境中氮的物质平衡模型 。