Decay rates and time lags of heat conduction in building construction under field conditions

The field measurements of decay rates and time lags of heat conduction in a building construction taken in Nanjing during the summer of 2001 are presented.The decay rates and time lags are calculated according to the frequency responses of the heat absorbed by the room＇s internal surfaces,inside surface temperature,indoor air temperature and outdoor synthetic temperature.The measured results match very well with the theoretical results of the zeroth and the first order values of the decay rates and time lags of heat conduction in the building construction,but the difference between the measured values and the theoretical values for the second order is too great to be accepted.It is therefore difficult to accurately test the second order value.However,it is still advisable to complete the analysis using the zeroth-and the first-orders values of the decay rates and time lags of heat conduction in building construction under field conditions,because in these cases the decay rates of heat conduction reach twenty which meets the requirements of engineering plans.

Effect of sintering temperature and holding time on structure and properties of Li_(1.5)Ga_(0.5)Ti_(1.5)(PO_4)_(3)electrolyte with fast ionic conductivity

Li_(1.5)Ga_(0.5)Ti_(1.5)PO_(4))_(3)(LGTP)is recognized as a promising solid electrolyte material for lithium ions.In this work,LGTP solid electrolyte materials were prepared under different process conditions to explore the effects of sintering temperature and holding time on relative density,phase composition,microstructure,bulk conductivity,and total conductivity.In the impedance test under frequency of 1-10^(6) Hz,the bulk conductivity of the samples increased with increasing sintering temperature,and the total conductivity first increased and then decreased.SEM results showed that the average grain size in the ceramics was controlled by the sintering temperature,which increased from(0.54±0.01)μm to(1.21±0.01)μm when the temperature changed from 750 to 950°C.The relative density of the ceramics increased and then decreased with increasing temperature as the porosity increased.The holding time had little effect on the grain size growth or sample density,but an extended holding time resulted in crack generation that served to reduce the conductivity of the solid electrolyte.

Far-infrared conductivity of CuS nanoparticles measured by terahertz time-domain spectroscopy

This paper reports that terahertz time-domain spectroscopy is used to measure the optical properties of CuS nanoparticles in composite samples. The complex conductivity of pure CuS nanoparticles is extracted by applying the Bruggeman effective medium theory. The experimental data are consistent with the Drude-Smith model of conductivity in the range of 0.2 1.5 THz. The results demonstrate that carriers become localized with a backscattering behaviour in small-size nanostructures. In addition, the time constant for the carrier scattering is obtained and is only 64.3 fs due to increased electron interaction with interfaces and grain boundaries.

Relaxation Time and Conductivity at a Rural Station: Raichur

An examination of decay and growth rates of electric field near the ground during total solar eclipse of 16 February 1980 was made to study the electrical relaxation time and conductivity at Raichur. The values obtained i. e., 1320 seconds and 67.1163× 10-16 mhos m-1 of the two parameters were in fair agreement with the reported ones at the rural locations.

Phase composition,conductivity,and sensor properties of cerium-doped indium oxide

The hydrothermal synthesis of In_(2)O_(3)and CeO_(2)–In_(2)O_(3)is investigated as well as the properties of sensor layers based on these compounds.During the synthesis of In_(2)O_(3),intermediate products In(OH)_(3)and InOOH are formed,which are the precursors of stable cubic(c-In_(2)O_(3))and metastable rhombohedral(rh-In_(2)O_(3))phases,respectively.A transition from c-In_(2)O_(3)to rh-In_(2)O_(3)is observed with the addition of CeO_(2).The introduction of cerium into rh-In_(2)O_(3)results in a decrease in the sensor response to hydrogen,while it increases in composites based on c-In_(2)O_(3).The data on the sensor activity of the composites correlate with XPS results in which CeO_(2)causes a decrease in the concentrations of chemisorbed oxygen and oxygen vacancies in rh-In_(2)O_(3).The reverse situation is observed in composites based on c-In_(2)O_(3).Compared to In_(2)O_(3)and CeO_(2)–In_(2)O_(3)obtained by other methods,the synthesized composites demonstrate maximum response to H_(2)at low temperatures by 70–100℃,and have short response time(0.2–0.5 s),short recovery time(6–7 s),and long-term stability.A model is proposed for the dependence of sensitivity on the direction of electron transfer between In_(2)O_(3)and CeO_(2).

Time-resolved Microwave Conductivity Studies on the Chemical Treatment of the Nanocrystalline Porous TiO2 Films

Effect of Ti(iso-C3H7O)4 treatment on the photoinduced charge carrier kinetics of nanocrystalline porous TiO2 films is studied by time-resolved microwave conductivity measurements. Analysis of the transient photoconductivity decays indicates that Ti(iso-C3H7O)4 treatment leads to an increased concentration of photogenerated charge carriers and a fast interfacial transfer rate of holes via the surface modification of the freshly growing TiO2 nanocrystallites.

Long-Time Relaxation and Residual Conductivity in GaP Irradiated by High-Energy Electrons

This paper presents the results of a study of long-time relaxation (LR) and residual conductivity in n-type gallium phosphide (GaP) crystals irradiated by 50 MeV electrons. A manifold increase in photosensitivity and quenching of residual conductivity was found as a result of irradiation. It is shown that LR in GaP is due to disordered regions (generated by electron irradiation) which have conductivity close to self one. The Fermi level in the disordered regions is determined by which is located deep in the forbidden band (Ее - 1.0 eV). LR effect is mainly explained by a spatial separation of electrons and holes, recombination of which is prevented by potential barriers. The observed increase in conductivity is associated with the increase in the concentration of minority carriers as well as with increase of the Hall mobility at the sample illumination.

基于肌肉激活的斜方肌平衡训练对偏瘫肩痛患者上肢运功功能及神经电生理的影响

目的:本研究探讨斜方肌平衡训练对卒中偏瘫后肩痛患者上肢运动功能及神经电生理的影响。方法:选取2021年10月~202 3年11月在广东省第二中医院康复科住院且符合纳入标准的卒中偏瘫后肩痛患者144例,随机分为对照组和观察组各72例。两组患者均采用常规用药及神经发育学治疗,对照组在此基础上采用肩胛带的稳定性训练,观察组在对照组的基础上采用斜方肌平衡训练(侧卧位肩外旋、侧卧位外旋、俯卧位水平外展、俯卧位水平后伸),两组患者训练均30min/次,1次/d,5次/周,连续训练6周;分别在治疗前和治疗6周后,对两组患者分别进行Fugl-Meycr上肢运动功能评分和VAS视觉模拟评分,以及上肢静息运动阈值(rMT)、中枢运动传导时间(CMCT)检测。结果:观察组9例及对照组7例患者因提前出院中途退出被剔除,最终观察组63例,对照组65例。治疗后,两组患者的VAS评分均较治疗前降低(P<0.05),FMA-UE评分均较治疗前升高(P<0.05),且观察组治疗后的VAS评分低于对照组(P<0.05),FMA-UE评分高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组患者的rMT和CMCT均较治疗前降低(P<0.05),且观察组治疗后的rMT和CMCT均低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:在肩胛带的稳定性训练基础上,斜方肌平衡训练能更好的改善偏瘫后肩痛患者的疼痛、运动功能及神经电生理。

Stochastic transient analysis of thermal stresses in solids by explicit time-domain method

Stochastic heat conduction and thermal stress analysis of structures has received considerable attention in recent years.The propagation of uncertain thermal environments will lead to stochastic variations in temperature fields and thermal stresses.Therefore,it is reasonable to consider the variability of thermal environments while conducting thermal analysis.However,for ambient thermal excitations,only stationary random processes have been investigated thus far.In this study,the highly efficient explicit time-domain method(ETDM)is proposed for the analysis of non-stationary stochastic transient heat conduction and thermal stress problems.The explicit time-domain expressions of thermal responses are first constructed for a thermoelastic body.Then the statistical moments of thermal displacements and stresses can be directly obtained based on the explicit expressions of thermal responses.A numerical example involving non-stationary stochastic internal heat generation rate is investigated.The accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method are validated by comparison with the Monte-Carlo simulation.

Diameter Dependent Ultrasonic Characterization of InAs Semiconductor Nanowires

In this paper, we report the diameter dependent ultrasonic characterization of wurtzite structured InAs semiconductor nanowires at the room temperature. In this work, we have calculated the non-linear higher order elastic constants of InAs nanowires validating the interaction potential model. The ultrasonic attenuation and velocity in the nanowires are determined using the elastic constants for different diameters of the nanowires. Where possible, the results are compared with the experiments. Finally, we have established the correlation between the size dependent thermal conductivity and the ultrasonic attenuation of the nanowires.

Advanced production decline analysis of tight gas wells with variable fracture conductivity

Considering the characteristics that the fracture conductivity formed by hydraulic fracturing varies across space and time, a new mathematical model was established for seepage flow in tight gas fractured vertical wells which takes into account the effects of dual variable conductivity and stress sensitivity. The Blasingame advanced production decline curves of the model were obtained using the finite element method with hybrid elements. On this basis, the effects of fracture space and time dual variable conductivity and stress sensitivity on Blasingame curve were analyzed. The study shows that the space variable conductivity mainly reduces decline curve value at the early stage; the time variable conductivity can result in drops of the production and the production integral curves, leading to a S-shaped curve; dual variable conductivity is the superposition of the effects given by the two variable conductivities; both time and space variable conductivities cannot delay the time with which the formation fluid flow reaches the quasi-steady state. The stress sensitivity reduces the curve value gradually rather than sharply, delaying the time the flow reaching the quasi-steady state. Ignoring the effects of variable conductivity and stress sensitivity will not affect the estimation on well controlled dynamic reserves. However, it can result in large errors in the interpretation of fractures and reservoir parameters. Conventional advanced production decline analyses of a tight gas fractured well in the Sulige gas field showed that the new model is more effective and reliable than the conventional model, and thus it can be widely applied in advanced production decline analysis of wells with the same characteristics in other gas fields.

Methods to Improve the Long Distance Time-Varying Channel Transmission Performance of Expendable Profiler

To improve the transmission performance of XCTD channel, this paper proposes a method to measure directly and fit the channel transmission characteristics by using frequency sweeping method. Sinusoidal signals with a frequency range of 100 Hz to 10 k Hz and an interval of 100 Hz are used to measure transmission characteristics of channels with lengths of 300 m, 800 m, 1300 m, and 1800 m. The correctness of the fitted channel characteristics by transmitting square wave, composite waves of different frequencies, and ASK modulation are verified. The results show that when the frequency of the signal is below 1500 Hz, the channel has very little effect on the signal. The signal compensated for amplitude and phase at the receiver is not as good as the uncompensated signal.Alternatively, when the signal frequency is above 1500 Hz, the channel distorts the signal. The quality of signal compensated for amplitude and phase at receiver is better than that of the uncompensated signal. Thus, we can select the appropriate frequency for XCTD system and the appropriate way to process the received signals. Signals below1500 Hz can be directly used at the receiving end. Signals above 1500 Hz are used after amplitude and phase compensation at the receiving end.

Thermal fluctuation conductivity and dimensionality in iron-based superconductors

The time-dependent Ginzburg–Landau Lawrence–Doniach model is used to investigate the superconducting fluctuation electrical conductivities.The theoretical result based on the self-consistent Gaussian approximation is used to fit the transport measurement data of iron-based superconductors F-doped La OFe As and Ba Fe_（2-x）Ni_xAs_2.We demonstrate that La OFe As shows layered behavior,while Ba Fe_（2-x）Ni_xAs_2 is more of a 3D feature.The conductivity in the region near Tc is well described by the theoretical formula.

海洋温盐传感器动态特性测试平台设计与应用

在海洋剖面观测和基于移动平台的观测中,海洋温盐传感器的动态性能直接影响其数据质量。目前,国内已开展了海洋温盐传感器动态特性测试平台研制,并开展相关海洋温度和电导率传感器的动态特性测试。该文详细阐述基于双扩散原理的海洋温盐跃层模拟装置的设计和实现过程,该装置高5 m,有效模拟自然界真实存在的垂直跃层现象,是对自然界真实跃层的最佳模拟,实现温度跃层温度差10℃,盐度跃层差10 mS/cm,运动控制子系统可模拟0.1~3.0 m/s传感器运动状态。通过SBE3温度传感器、SBE4电导率传感器和MSCTI 125快速温盐测量仪的测试,试验表明:该平台复现的垂直分层的温盐跃层能有效测试温度传感器和电导率传感器的动态特性,时间常数算法结果与传感器标称值基本一致。从试验结果分析出,该平台更适合于点状感应元件的测试,同时感应元件的封装结构对于动态响应有着不可忽略的影响。该平台的研制成果为后续开展海洋温盐动态特性研究提供新的测试平台和方法。

一款高效率宽输入电压边界导通模式反激变换器

本文提出了一款高效率、宽输入电压的边界导通模式反激变换器结构。为了防止负载切换过程中芯片过压和欠压,提出了一种由电流调节电路(CRC)与自适应频率控制电路(AFCC)组成的新型模式切换环路,实现了芯片在不同模式之间的平滑切换,提高了负载的瞬态响应和转换效率;通过在环路中引入电流调节控制技术,减小了低纹波突发模式(LRBM)下的原边充电电流和输出最小负载电流,从而减小轻负载下的开关频率,降低功耗。基于0.18μmBCD工艺,实现了电路设计和版图设计,芯片面积为1.48×2.5mm^(2)。仿真结果表明,变换器在输入电压为3~32V、输出电压为5V时,轻、重负载切换过程中的输出电压瞬态响应最大变化为6%,峰值转换效率为88.6%。

核爆炸早中期电磁脉冲产生的数值模拟方法

由于核电磁脉冲(nuclear electromagnetic pulse,NEMP)电场与爆炸当量、爆高、方位角、大气参数和观测位置等密切相关,NEMP产生的数值模拟是非常复杂的问题。本文评述了核爆炸电磁脉冲产生过程的数值模拟方法,包括NEMP产生的物理模型、γ射线和中子在大气中输运及康普顿电流源、大气电导率模型和电磁场求解方法;给出了NEMP的典型数值模拟结果,主要包括早期电磁脉冲和中期电磁脉冲联合模拟结果,并分析了早期电磁脉冲和中期电磁脉冲峰值、起止时间和频谱等特征参数。

配电电缆冷缩中间接头受潮特性研究

为探究现阶段配电电缆冷缩中间接头的受潮特性,本文首先制作了带接头的未受潮试样,通过加速受潮老化平台对试样进行受潮处理,然后采用极化/去极化电流(PDC)测试系统分别测试未受潮和受潮2、4、6、8周时中间接头的极化/去极化电流,最后计算其直流电导率,并使用支路辨识方法得到三条R-C支路的时间常数。结果表明:直流电导率在接头受潮到一定程度后才会发生变化,而第三支路时间常数随着受潮程度加重而不断减小,这是由于水分降低界面电荷迁移阻力,使得界面极化时间减小所致,因此第三支路时间常数可灵敏反映电缆中间接头的受潮程度,可作为判断电缆中间接头受潮程度的特征参数。

光导微波源阵列合成时控技术初步研究

基于宽禁带光导半导体的固态光导微波源是高功率微波产生的一种新途径,该方案具有功率密度高、频带范围宽等特点,且其低时间抖动特性使其在功率合成方面具有巨大潜力,利用光波束形成网络构建光导微波有源相控阵是光导微波器件迈向实用的重要途径。分析了光导微波相控阵系统原理,设计了光导微波真延时网络架构,并构建了差分真延时相控阵和考虑相位随机误差的真延时相控阵的理论模型,对影响功率合成和波束扫描的关键因素开展定量分析和仿真验证。结果表明,对于发射1 GHz信号的n×10阵列,延时均方差在10 ps以下时,指向偏差小于0.13°,峰值增益损耗小于2%;延时步进精度在10 ps以下时,指向偏差小于0.2°,峰值增益损耗小于0.03%。由此提出延时精度指标,为未来更高功率、更大规模的光导微波合成技术发展提供参考。

大牛地气田复杂岩性储层酸蚀裂缝导流能力规律研究

大牛地马家沟组碳酸盐岩储层灰岩、白云岩和含膏云岩较为发育,矿物的酸岩反应速率不同,而目前复杂岩性储层导流能力研究较少,导流能力规律不明确。文中结合储层多种矿物特点,进行了矿物成分测试和酸蚀裂缝导流能力测试,研究了不同酸蚀时间和闭合应力对导流能力的影响,建立了适合马家沟储层的酸蚀裂缝导流能力模型。结果表明:含膏云岩在低闭合应力下导流能力比白云岩低,但在高闭合应力下与白云岩相当;在闭合应力一定时,酸蚀时间越长,岩样表面越粗糙,导流能力增长越明显。基于导流能力模型,模拟研究了不同排量和注入方式下的导流能力变化规律,将酸蚀时间和泵注方式应用到现场井,产量提升了40%。该研究成果对大牛地马家沟储层酸压改造工艺设计提供了依据和借鉴。

弱导电薄层介质材料电磁耦合等效计算方法研究

面向核电磁脉冲等强电磁环境下复合材料壳体平台的电磁环境效应分析需求,根据Maxwell-Ampere定理的积分形式,分析得到了时域有限差分方法在处理弱导电薄层介质材料参数时的等效计算方法,即当介质等效波长远大于模型厚度时,可将薄层模型适当增厚,同时等比例减小其电导率,参数等效前后模型的电磁耦合特性基本相同。该方法通过等效增厚薄层材料从而实现增大空间离散步长,减少网格量的目的,不需要改变传统时域有限差分方法的时间步进格式,不会破坏计算的稳定性。无限大有耗介质薄板、薄层球体、含薄层壳体无人机电磁耦合等算例表明,在包含毫米级厚度弱导电介质薄层壳体平台的核电磁脉冲耦合模拟中,该方法具有较好的适用性。