Evaluation of mouse bioassay results in an inter-laboratory comparison for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins

An inter-laboratory comparison of the AOAC mouse bioassay for paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxicity in shellfish was carried out among 25 Chinese laboratories to examine the overall performance for PSP testing in China, and to analyze the main factors affecting the performance of this method. The toxic scallop Patinopecten yessoensis collected from coast of Bohai Sea, China, was used as a test sample in the comparison study. The results were reported and evaluated using robust statistical methods. The z scores showed that 80%, 8%, and 12% of laboratories reported satisfactory results, unsatisfactory results, and questionable results, respectively. This evaluation demonstrates that the PSP mouse bioassay is an appropriate method for screening and testing PSP toxicity in shellfish. However, it was found that the experience and skill of technicians, as well as the body weight and health status of mice being used significantly affected the accuracy of the method.

Efficacy of fexuprazan compared with rebamipide in Korean patients with gastritis:A matching-adjusted indirect comparison

BACKGROUND Gastritis is one of the most frequently diagnosed diseases requiring medical treatment in South Korea.Fexuprazan,a novel potassium-competitive acid blocker,has been approved for treating gastritis and erosive esophagitis.Meanwhile,rebamipide is the most commonly used mucoprotective agent for acute and chronic gastritis in real-world settings in South Korea.However,there have been no studies comparing the efficacy of these two drugs yet.AIM To compare the efficacy of fexuprazan with that of rebamipide for acute and chronic gastritis.METHODS This was a matching-adjusted indirect comparison.Individual patient data from a phase III study of fexuprazan(10 mg BID)were compared with cumulative data from two matching studies of rebamipide(100 mg TID).Erosion improvement and healing rates were compared between two weeks of fexurapan,two weeks of rebamipide,and four weeks of rebamipide.The two main outcome variables were presented as percentages,and the risk differences(RD)and 95%confidence intervals(CI)were calculated for the relative treatment effects.RESULTS In the primary analysis,the erosion improvement and healing rates after a twoweek treatment with fexuprazan were 64.5%and 53.2%,respectively,while a twoweek treatment with rebamipide resulted in erosion improvement and healing rates of 43.6%(RD:21.0%;95%CI:9.6-32.3;P<0.01)and 35.6%(RD:17.6%;95%CI:6.1-29.2;P=0.003),respectively.In the additional analysis,the erosion improvement and healing rates for the two-week fexuprazan treatment(64.2%and 51.2%,respectively)were similar to those obtained during a four-week treatment with rebamipide(60.6%;RD:3.6%;95%CI:-9.8,17.0;P=0.600 and 53.5%;RD:-2.3%;95%CI:-16.1,11.5;P=0.744,respectively).CONCLUSION The two-week fexuprazan treatment was superior to the two-week rebamipide treatment and similar to the fourweek rebamipide treatment for patients with gastritis.

Multi-party semi-quantum private comparison protocol of size relation based on two-dimensional Bell states

Currently,all quantum private comparison protocols based on two-dimensional quantum states can only compare equality,via using high-dimensional quantum states that it is possible to compare the size relation in existing work.In addition,it is difficult to manipulate high-dimensional quantum states under the existing conditions of quantum information processing,leading to low practicality and engineering feasibility of protocols for comparing size relation.Considering this situation,we propose an innovative protocol.The proposed protocol can make size comparison by exploiting more manageable two-dimensional Bell states,which significantly enhances its feasibility with current quantum technologies.Simultaneously,the proposed protocol enables multiple participants to compare their privacies with the semi-quantum model.The communication process of the protocol is simulated on the IBM Quantum Experience platform to verify its effectiveness.Security analysis shows that the proposed protocol can withstand common attacks while preserving the privacies of all participants.Thus,the devised protocol may provide an important reference for implementation of quantum private size comparison protocols.

Accuracy comparison and improvement for state of health estimation of lithium-ion battery based on random partial recharges and feature engineering

State of health(SOH)estimation of e-mobilities operated in real and dynamic conditions is essential and challenging.Most of existing estimations are based on a fixed constant current charging and discharging aging profiles,which overlooked the fact that the charging and discharging profiles are random and not complete in real application.This work investigates the influence of feature engineering on the accuracy of different machine learning(ML)-based SOH estimations acting on different recharging sub-profiles where a realistic battery mission profile is considered.Fifteen features were extracted from the battery partial recharging profiles,considering different factors such as starting voltage values,charge amount,and charging sliding windows.Then,features were selected based on a feature selection pipeline consisting of filtering and supervised ML-based subset selection.Multiple linear regression(MLR),Gaussian process regression(GPR),and support vector regression(SVR)were applied to estimate SOH,and root mean square error(RMSE)was used to evaluate and compare the estimation performance.The results showed that the feature selection pipeline can improve SOH estimation accuracy by 55.05%,2.57%,and 2.82%for MLR,GPR and SVR respectively.It was demonstrated that the estimation based on partial charging profiles with lower starting voltage,large charge,and large sliding window size is more likely to achieve higher accuracy.This work hopes to give some insights into the supervised ML-based feature engineering acting on random partial recharges on SOH estimation performance and tries to fill the gap of effective SOH estimation between theoretical study and real dynamic application.

Efficacy comparison of multipoint and single point scanning panretinal laser photocoagulation in non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy treatment

BACKGROUND Non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy(NPDR)poses a significant challenge in diabetes management due to its microvascular changes in the retina.Laser photocoagulation,a conventional therapy,aims to mitigate the risk of progressing to proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR).AIM To compare the efficacy and safety of multi-spot vs single-spot scanning panretinal laser photocoagulation in NPDR patients.METHODS Forty-nine NPDR patients(86 eyes)treated between September 2020 and July 2022 were included.They were randomly allocated into single-spot(n=23,40 eyes)and multi-spot(n=26,46 eyes)groups.Treatment outcomes,including bestcorrected visual acuity(BCVA),central macular thickness(CMT),and mean threshold sensitivity,were assessed at predetermined intervals over 12 months.Adverse reactions were also recorded.RESULTS Energy levels did not significantly differ between groups(P>0.05),but the multi-spot group exhibited lower energy density(P<0.05).BCVA and CMT improvements were noted in the multi-spot group at one-month posttreatment(P<0.05).Adverse reaction incidence was similar between groups(P>0.05).CONCLUSION While energy intensity and safety were comparable between modalities,multi-spot scanning demonstrated lower energy density and showed superior short-term improvements in BCVA and CMT for NPDR patients,with reduced laser-induced damage.

Global Research Progress on Municipal Waste and Future Prospect Based on the Cross-national Comparisons

Due to the acceleration of urbanization,the municipal waste(MW)problem has transformed into a global challenge for urb-an sustainability.To elucidate historical trends,current focal points,and future directions in MW research,we conducted a bibliometric analysis and employed knowledge graph visualization to scrutinize a total of 34212 articles,which were published between 1991 and 2021 in the Web of Science(WoS)core database.The results indicated that current major research themes encompass waste classifica-tion and recycling,waste management and public behavior,waste disposal methods and technologies,as well as environmental impact and evaluation.There has been a shift in the research focus from the environmental impacts of waste incineration to sustainable manage-ment related issues.A comparison of research from six typical countries revealed the differences in research priorities and techniques advantages.Scholars from the USA and Britain initiated MW research earlier than other countries and investigated management issues in depth,such as public behavior and willingness to pay.Meanwhile,Japanese,German,and Swedish scholars conducted extensive studies on advanced waste treatment technologies,such as disposal and recycling,risk assessment,and waste-to-energy techniques.Chinese scholars placed particular emphasis on end-of-pipe treatments and their associated environmental impacts.Hotspots and poten-tial future frontiers were identified by burst detection analysis.Keywords with high value of burst index(BI)worldwide are food waste and circular economy.Chinese scholars have put great efforts on waste environmental impact and its recycling technologies,while we’re expecting to further investigating vulnerable population.Furthermore,this study contributes to bridging the regional gap of scientific research among different countries and fostering international collaboration.

Comparison and Selection of Water Restoration Techniques for Artificial Landscape Lakes in Nantong City

As an important part of urban infrastructure,urban water system is of great and far-reaching significance for ensuring urban flood control and waterlogging safety,protecting ecological environment and building livable homes.Taking the urban water system of Nantong as an example,Nantong Water Resources Bureau issued R evision of Nantong Urban Water System Planning in 2017,and put forward the construction of the"two circles,eight lakes and nine veins"water system layout,giving new vitality to the urban water system.In view of problems existing in newly excavated artificial landscape lakes,such as fragile water ecosystem,strong eutrophication trend,poor environmental sensory effect and unsatisfactory water landscape effect,it is urgent to study the in-situ water ecological restoration technique of"algae-controlling zooplankton+submerged plant community"to build a"grass-type clear water"ecosystem for artificial landscape lakes,so as to improve the water sensory index and self-purification ability and finally realize the double improvement of"sensory effect and water quality"of artificial landscape lakes.

Direct Pointwise Comparison of FE Predictions to StereoDIC Measurements:Developments and Validation Using Double Edge-Notched Tensile Specimen

To compare finite element analysis(FEA)predictions and stereovision digital image correlation(StereoDIC)strain measurements at the same spatial positions throughout a region of interest,a field comparison procedure is developed.The procedure includes(a)conversion of the finite element data into a triangular mesh,(b)selection of a common coordinate system,(c)determination of the rigid body transformation to place both measurements and FEA data in the same system and(d)interpolation of the FEA nodal information to the same spatial locations as the StereoDIC measurements using barycentric coordinates.For an aluminum Al-6061 double edge notched tensile specimen,FEA results are obtained using both the von Mises isotropic yield criterion and Hill’s quadratic anisotropic yield criterion,with the unknown Hill model parameters determined using full-field specimen strain measurements for the nominally plane stress specimen.Using Hill’s quadratic anisotropic yield criterion,the point-by-point comparison of experimentally based full-field strains and stresses to finite element predictions are shown to be in excellent agreement,confirming the effectiveness of the field comparison process.

Does US Dollar Supply Trigger House Price Fluctuations?An International Comparison

Cyclical fluctuations in asset prices are closely related to the overall stability of the macroeconomy and have thus become a significant topic in academic and professional exploration.Among these fluctuations,changes in the supply of the U.S.dollar,the global reserve,and primary settlement currency have a broad and far-reaching impact on international financial markets.Since COVID-19,asset prices across various countries have shown differing trends due to fluctuations in the U.S.dollar supply.Housing prices,a key focus in asset pricing research,have been affected to varying degrees.This thesis utilizes seven house price indices from representative cities worldwide from 2020 to 2023 to compare the differential impacts across various countries using an empirical approach.The results indicate that the impact of the U.S.dollar money supply(M2)diminishes in a gradient from the U.S.to East Asia,and then to Europe.

Comparison of the Development of CDMO at Home and Abroad and Its Enlightment to China

Objective To analyze the development status of contract development manufacturing organization(CDMO)at home and abroad,and to make some suggestions for the development of CDMO in China.Methods The relevant literature was searched and reviewed,and the development status of CDMOs in the United States,France,Japan and China was compared from the aspects of market scale,development process,development focus,advantages and disadvantages,and policy support.Then,some suggestions for the development of CDMO enterprises in China were summarized.Results and Conclusion Through the comparison of CDMO development at home and abroad,it can be seen that China started CDMO late,there were many technical barriers and its globalization layout were not sufficient.However,the development trend was good and it focused on the field of chemical drugs and biological drugs to constantly develop innovative drugs.China needs to continuously improve its own technical capabilities to carry out innovative research.Therefore,cost reduction and efficiency increase will be the key elements for the development of CDMOs,and they are expected to have a rapid and comprehensive development in the future.

光谱辐射照度国际关键比对装置、方法与结果分析

基于高温黑体辐射源和双光栅光谱辐射比较测量系统,中国计量科学研究院自主研制了新一代光谱辐射照度国家基准装置,波长范围覆盖230~2550 nm,以一组稳定的卤钨灯作为副基准灯组,保存和传递光谱辐射照度量值。黑体的温度溯源至铂-碳Pt-C和铼-碳Re-C共晶点黑体,在3021 K采用钨碳-碳WC-C共晶点黑体进行验证。采用新基准装置,2017年-2019年NIM参加国际计量局组织的光谱辐射照度国际关键比对CCPR-K1.a,比对由全俄光学物理学测量研究院(VNIIOFI)主导,共有12个实验室参加。比对结果表明:除少数实验室外,在250~290、300~1300、1500~2500 nm波长范围,各参比实验室之间的一致性分别为±2.0%、±1.0%和±2.0%。在紫外、可见和近红外波段,NIM与国际比对参考值的平均相对偏差分别为0.13%、0.28%和0.15%。在250~2500 nm全波段,NIM与国际比对参考值的平均相对偏差为0.17%,与2004年平均相对偏差0.9%相比,测量能力提升显著。

松辽盆地宋芳屯构造带登娄库组油气来源及成藏过程

松辽盆地徐家围子区块宋芳屯构造带油气资源丰富,但油气来源及成藏过程复杂且不明确。通过有机地球化学、天然气地球化学、流体包裹体等手段,重点分析了宋芳屯构造带登娄库组的油气来源及成藏期次,并建立了多层系油气成藏模式。结果表明:宋芳屯构造带内登娄库组泥岩品质较差,主要为Ⅲ和Ⅱ2型,Ro为1.73%,处于高成熟阶段,徐西次凹沙河子组泥岩以好-很好烃源岩为主,有机质类型为Ⅲ-Ⅱ1型,Ro为2.55%,处于过成熟阶段;宋芳屯构造带登娄库组原油来源于宋芳屯构造带登娄库组泥岩和徐西次凹沙河子组泥岩,而宋芳屯构造带登娄库组天然气主要来源于徐西次凹的沙河子组泥岩;宋芳屯构造带油气运移期为距今89.6~67.5Ma,最大运移时期约为距今76.0Ma;登娄库组泥岩和沙河子组泥岩持续供烃是宋芳屯构造带油气成藏的物质基础,多层系砂岩泥岩互层与主干断裂、砂体对油气的输导为油气成藏的必要条件,生烃期与成藏期高度匹配是多层系油气成藏的关键,多种地质条件的耦合下形成了宋芳屯构造带多层系油气成藏模式。研究成果为松辽盆地的油气勘探提供了一定的理论支持。

社会比较与广告诉求对消费者购买意愿的影响

当今网络社交媒体的广泛使用极大提高了社会比较的频度和广度,探索不同方向的社会比较与不同类型的广告诉求的交互作用如何影响消费者购买意愿具有重要的理论和现实意义。本文采用实验法考察了不同社会比较情境下(上行比较或下行比较)不同广告诉求(能力或温暖)对消费者购买意愿的影响机制。研究发现:社会比较与广告诉求的交互作用对消费者购买意愿产生显著影响。相比之下,能力型广告诉求更能激发经历上行比较消费者的购买意愿,而温暖型广告诉求更能激发经历下行比较消费者的购买意愿。信息加工流畅性在社会比较与广告诉求的交互作用对购买意愿的影响过程中发挥了部分中介作用。因此,企业在社交媒体营销中应关注社会比较与广告诉求的匹配效应,以达到更好的广告效果。

人工智能教育应用政策的差异、共识与趋向——基于中、日、英、美四国比较

人工智能在教育领域的应用为教育变革提供了动力,其相关政策成为引领教育数字化转型的风向标。对人工智能教育应用政策进行国际比较研究,有助于增强人们对全球教育技术发展趋势的全局性理解,并帮助政策制定者设计更具前瞻性和适应性的政策框架。通过比较分析中、日、英、美四国近年来发布的相关政策文本发现,各国均日益重视人工智能在教育中的普及应用,但其对政策工具的选择和政策目标的设定存在显著差异。在政策工具整体结构方面,中国偏向于供给型政策工具,强调直接供给,注重基础设施建设与人才培养项目等投入;而日、英、美三国倾向于环境型工具,致力于营造支持性环境。在政策目标实现的策略层面,中国采用“专注聚焦”模式,而日、英、美三国则强调“平衡多元”。尽管存在上述差异,但四国在强化教育科技领军人才的培养机制、建立多元主体协作参与的保障体系,以及打造高质量且包容的数字教育生态方面已形成发展共识。从全球趋势来看,未来世界各国对教育科技领域人才的培养和竞争将日益加剧,而各国可能会形成敏捷治理的政策框架,并利用人工智能增进教育的广泛包容性,同时产学研合作将持续引领智能教育技术的本土创新。

基于标准的国家智慧教育平台调优:国际方位与发展路径

研究以大规模创新性应用为导向,构建了包括广泛联结、融合创新、机制保障、素养提升等4个一级维度、12个二级维度、35个观测点的国家智慧教育平台应用标准。依据标准对国内外16个代表性智慧教育平台开展比较分析。研究发现:中国国家智慧教育平台建设与应用水平居世界前列,在平台接入、资源汇聚、应用集成和组织统筹方面处于“领跑”位置,在常态应用和终身学习方面处于“并跑”位置,在流程优化、督促激励和支撑保障方面处于“跟跑”位置。研究建议完善国家智慧教育平台体系建设、构建优质数字资源创生汇聚机制、聚焦教育教学关键环节丰富应用场景、构建以“国家平台+”为核心的数字教育新生态。

人工智能法律规制共性的国际比较研究

人工智能已经发展成为新一轮技术革命和产业升级的核心驱动力。随着技术层面的持续突破,人工智能在治理层面迎来的挑战日益加剧。建立适切的法律规制从而实现人工智能有效精准的治理已然成为业界关注的一大问题。对中国、美国、欧盟具有代表性的人工智能法律法规文本进行编码分析,发现人工智能法律规制的共性特征主要通过“企业的责任担当意识、政府的监测管理力度和用户的权益保障程度”等三个维度得以体现。在人工智能法律法规制定和执行上,提出三点建议:在治理趋势上,依法依规,贯彻责任式创新理念;在监管力度上,有效监管,建构监测监管的全链条;在价值取向上,以人为本,提升权益保障的新高度。

比选方案下公路设计优化探讨

该文以灵台至华亭高速公路设计过程中的部分方案的比选为例,通过对2种情况的线路方案比选设计,分别提出2种以上的设计路线与方案,详细分析各个方案中线路走向的优缺点,计算工程规模,做出技术经济的比较,最终确定路线走向的优化方案,从而保证项目实施后能发挥其良好的经济和社会效益,从而达到一条公路设计能带动沿线经济的发展,发挥和产生良好的经济和社会效益。设计方案的优化比选对于类似地形、地质等条件公路设计都有着非常重要的借鉴意义与参考价值。

Comparison of stand structure and growth between artificial and natural forests of Pinus sylvestiris var. mongolica on sandy land

Mongolian pine (Pinus sylvestiris Linnaeus var. mongolica Litvinov) as a valuable conifer tree species has been broadly introduced to the sandy land areas in 揟hree North?regions (North, northwest and northeast of China), but many problems occurred in the earliest Mongolian pine plantations in Zhanggutai, Zhangwu County, Liaoning Province (ZZL). In order to clarify the reason, comprehensive investigations were carried out on differences in structure characteristics, growth processes and ecological factors between artificial stands (the first plantation established in ZZL in 1950s) and natural stands (the origin forests of the tree species in Honghuaerji, Inner Mongolia) on sandy land. The results showed that variation of diameter-class distributions in artificial stands and natural stands could be described by Weibull and Normal distribution models, respectively. Chapman-Richards growth model was employed to reconstruct the growth process of Mongolian pine based on the data from field investigation and stem analysis. The ages of maximum of relative growth rate and average growth rate of DBH, height, and volume of planted trees were 11, 22 years, 8, 15 years and 35, 59 years earlier than those of natural stand trees, respectively. In respect of the incremental acceleration of volume, the artificial and natural stands reached their maximum values at 14 years and 33 years respectively. The quantitative maturity ages of artificial stands and natural stands were 43 years and 102 years respectively. It was concluded that the life span of the Mongolian pine trees in natural stands was about 60 years longer than those in artificial stands. The differences mentioned above between artificial and natural Mongolian pine forests on sandy land were partially attributed to the drastic variations of ecological conditions such as latitude, temperature, precipitation, evaporation and height above sea level. Human beings' disturbances and higher density in plantation forest may be ascribed as additional reasons. Those results may be potentially useful for the management and afforestation of Mongolian pine plantations on sandy land in arid and semi-arid areas.

跨国视角下的美国林业绿色供应链管理:对中国林业的影响与启示

林业绿色供应链管理以其高效能运作与低环境影响的鲜明特性,正逐步崛起为驱动经济高质量发展的核心引擎。放眼世界,美国凭借其丰富的资源和产业优势,成功构建了环境友好的林业绿色供应链管理体系,为全球提供了宝贵的经验借鉴。通过从政策制定与资源利用、监控体系与创新研发、区域发展与多方协同三个维度出发,总结了美国林业绿色供应链发展成效,并紧密结合中国林业绿色供应链管理发展态势与系统性矛盾,从完善政策架构,深化宣教培训、因地制宜提升协作效能、推进技术研发与成果转化方面深入探讨适应中国林业绿色化转型的本土化发展策略,对于驱动发展新质生产力,推动林业产业迈向高质量发展的新阶段具有现实意义和深远影响。

Comparison of the City Water Consumption Short-Term Forecasting Methods

There are a lot of methods in city water consumption short-term forecasting both inside and outside the country. But among these methods there exist many advantages and shortcomings in model establishing, solving and predicting accuracy, speed, applicability. This article draws lessons from other realm mature methods after many years′ study. It′s systematically studied and compared to predict the water consumption in accuracy, speed, effect and applicability among the time series triangle function method, artificial neural network method, gray system theories method, wavelet analytical method.