Characteristics:Evidence from the“Enclave Economy”in the PRD Region

Paired assistance is an important means for developed regions to help lessdeveloped regions achieve common prosperity.Despite its advantages,governmentmandated paired assistance tends to be less effective due to the lack of economic incentives for assisting localities.Therefore,local governments in China have explored an incentivecompatible paired assistance model.Based on the paired assistance between cities in the Pearl River Delta(PRD)region and the eastern,western and northern parts of Guangdong Province,this study designed a natural experiment for the network relationship of paired assistance.Empirical results based on industrial and commercial registration data and land transfer data indicate that paired assistance has enhanced bilateral investment linkages,and that the inter-regional benefit sharing mechanism has incentivized assisting localities to provide paired assistance.Our heterogeneity analysis reveals that a shorter distance between assisting and beneficiary localities may lead to better results of paired assistance.This study contributes to the understanding of incentive mechanisms for local government cooperation and offers insights for balancing regional development and achieving common prosperity.

长三角区域公共卫生应急协同联防联控机制研究

目的 了解长三角区域公共卫生应急协同联防联控机制的现状,构建长三角区域卫生应急协同机制框架,提出完善长三角区域公共卫生应急协同联防联控机制的建议。方法 在文献检索、专家访谈的基础上,设计长三角区域卫生应急协同机制框架,编制专家咨询问卷,选择18位相关领域专家对长三角区域卫生应急协同机制框架的三级主题从重要性、现状完备程度、优化难易程度进行评分,并对专家咨询数据的可靠性进行分析。结果 长三角区域卫生应急协同机制框架包括应急指挥决策的跨区域协同机制、监测预警与风险评估的跨区域联防机制、跨区域应急处置的协同响应机制和跨区域联防联控能力建设机制等4个一级主题,分13个二级主题和29个三级主题。专家积极程度为100%。总体专家权威系数Cr=0.86,表明专家咨询的结果具有一定的权威性。专家意见的Kendall W协调系数为0.60,P <0.001,说明专家评估意见一致性高的结果是可信的。各主题条目的重要性得分均数> 3.9,表明本研究框架中的所有主题均比较重要,有继续发展完善的价值,其中现状完备程度较低、优化较易的主题为联席会议制度、区域专家库建设、应急联合会商研判、区域联合预警、密接协查与跨省追踪、信息联合通报与共享、联合复盘与评估、人才交流与互访、联合应急培训、区域应急梯队建设和应急科研合作。结论 长三角区域协同联防联控机制发挥成效需要顶层设计、政策支持、技术专业人员全面深度融合。建议长三角三省一市加强协同监测预警和信息互通共享,强化跨区域协同应急联合处置,加强人员交流和队伍联合培训,深化区域科研合作和标准化建设,发挥优势,引领全国。

Research and comprehensive evaluation on delivery schemes of the Grand Inga hydropower station

Congo River has abundant hydropower resources,and large-scale cascade power stations,such as the Grand Inga,can be constructed in downstream locations.However,the fragile economic foundations of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and neighbor!ng Central African countries,and the small-scale regional power consumption market prohibit the implementation of large-scale hydro power projects.As the high-voltage,I on g-dista nee power transmission tech no logy matures,hydropower from the Grand Inga can be delivered to load centers in other regions of Africa.This study establishes a 6 dime nsional comprehe nsive assessment model using the best-worst method to evaluate large-scale,I on g-distance,cross-border power intercon necti on projects.The model is applied to evaluate all the can didate in ter-regional power delivery schemes of the Inga III hydropower station,and the evaluation results can effectively help investment institutions and policy makers in policy making and potential market targeting.

Inter-Region Transportation Costs,Regional Economic Growth,and Disparities in China

To examine the correlation between regional economic growth and inter-region transportation costs in China,this study establishes a regional economic growth model embedded with inter-region transportation costs based on the Cobb-Douglas production function.Based on a balanced growth empirical model,this study verifies the correlation by conducting a regression analysis of the panel data of 29 provinces,municipalities,and autonomous regions from 1985 to 2015.The empirical results show that:(1)The per capita GDP growth among the three regions(namely,the eastern,central,and westem regions of China)meets a conditional convergence trend,and the decreasing of the inter-region transportation costs increases the convergence speed;(2)The per capita GDP growth is in line with the club convergence trend within each of the three regions;(3)The trend of the output elasticity of the inter-region transportation costs shows that the gradual decrease of inter-region transportation costs has a positive correlation with the narrowing of economic disparity after the year 2000,accelerating“common prosperity”across different regions in China.

区域贸易视角下中国省域隐含土地流动研究

With the continuous enhancement of regional connectivity,the indirect use of land resources through the pathways of trade in goods and services plays an increasingly important role in the overall utilization of land resources.Despite this,relevant research in this field is still in its infancy,and few papers have addressed this issue.This paper uses a multi-regional input–output model to calculate the embodied land in the 30 provinces(autonomous regions and municipalities)and eight regions of China from the perspective of regional trade and further analyzes the spatial pattern of characteristics associated with embodied land flows.The results show that the amount of embodied land occupied by China’s inter-regional trade accounts for 21.39%of the country’s total land,and an average of 38.54%of China’s provincial land demand is met by land exports from other provinces.More than 80%of land consumed by Beijing,Tianjin,and Shanghai is from other provinces.The provinces of Heilongjiang,Inner Mongolia,Xinjiang,and Hebei are the largest net exporters of cultivated land,forest and grazing and aquatic land,fishery land,and built-up land,respectively(the outflows account for 42.26%,27.53%,38.66%,and 35.28%of the corresponding land types in the province);and Guangdong,Shandong,and Zhejiang are the main net importers.The flow of agricultural land(cultivated land,forest land,grazing land,and aquatic land)generally shows a shift from west to east and from north to south.The regions in northeast and northwest China have the largest scale of agricultural land outflows,mainly into East and South China.In addition,8.43%of cultivated land,7.47%of forest land,6.41%of grazing land,6.88%of aquatic land,and 18.35%of built-up land in China are provided for foreign use through international trade.This paper provides feasible ideas and a theoretical basis for solving the contradiction between land use and ecological protection,which could potentially help to achieve sustainable land use in China.

Prevalence,variation,and transmission patterns of human respiratory syncytial virus from pediatric patients in Hubei,China during 2020–2021

Human respiratory syncytial virus(RSV)is a severe threat to children and a main cause of acute lower respiratory tract infections.Nevertheless,the intra-host evolution and inter-regional diffusion of RSV are little known.In this study,we performed a systematic surveillance in hospitalized children in Hubei during 2020–2021,in which 106 RSV-positive samples were detected both clinically and by metagenomic next generation sequencing(mNGS).RSV-A and RSV-B groups co-circulated during surveillance with RSV-B being predominant.About 46 high-quality genomes were used for further analyses.A total of 163 intra-host nucleotide variation(iSNV)sites distributed in 34 samples were detected,and glycoprotein(G)gene was the most enriched gene for iSNVs,with non-synonymous substitutions more than synonymous substitutions.Evolutionary dynamic analysis showed that the evolutionary rates of G and NS2 genes were higher,and the population size of RSV groups changed over time.We also found evidences of inter-regional diffusion from Europe and Oceania to Hubei for RSV-A and RSV-B,respectively.This study highlighted the intra-host and inter-host evolution of RSV,and provided some evi-dences for understanding the evolution of RSV.