Effects of Culture, Tradition and Local Architecture on Housing： A Case of Balat （Istanbul） Jewish Housing

Istanbul as a city, throughout history, has become an attractive land for various social groups to settle. As a result, different periods in city life have witnessed the arrival of setllers forming their own settlements, thus leading to a so called ＂mosaic of settlements＂ within the city. Social factors have played a big role in the formation and development of settlements in Istanbul. The cultural variety arising from the different social structures has led to different architectural features in the city. The different social structures have also had affects on site selection, on the quarter- district tissue, and also on the residential architecture. It is therefore, the general purpose of this article to explore the different features of quarters reflecting the interaction between the architectural formation and the cultural values of society. In the Historical Peninsula in Istanbul, one can easily observe the impact of cultural characteristics of the communities on their housing settlements. Together with environmental features such as climate, local building materials, building technologies, the cultural values of the social groups all have played a role in determining the architectural environment and the formation of housing settlements. Among all others, Balat, which still exists, is the oldest housing settlement of the Jewish Community in lstanbul, dating back to the Byzantine period. It reflects the full characteristics of a Jewish quarter structure in the best possible manner. The synagogue, religious worship building, and the houses which both form and shape a typical Jewish quarter are subject to investigation and analysis in this paper. Besides, the layouts of Jewish quarters in this settlement, the architectural character of houses and religious buildings are documented with ＂drawings＂, ＂photographs＂, ＂maps＂ and ＂sketches＂.

Looking towards the Future of BIM in South Korea Towards AI-Enhanced BIM

This paper provides an overview of South Korea’s 20-year journey in adopting building information modeling(BIM) and future direction. It first discusses the six phases of BIM adoption in South Korea, starting from the use of BIM as a marketing tool to its current intelligent BIM phase. The government’s support for BIM-related research and development projects is also highlighted, with a focus on the artificail intelligence (AI)-based architectural design automation project. As the future direction, it explores the integration of AI with BIM in both local and global contexts. The paper presents AIpowered architectural design methods, including AI-powered early architectural design generation and architectural detailing.Compared to AI-based early architectural design generation, architectural detailing is an unexplored research topic. This paper introduces two AI-and BIM-based architectural detailing methods, being developed at Yonsei University:namely,BIM library transplant and Natural language-based Architectural Detailing through Interaction with AI (NADIA). These methods demonstrate how AI-enhanced BIM can enable architects to interactively develop building details using a language model as a conversational AI and a knowledge base, and a BIM authoring tool as a design platform, in the near future.

The Interaction between Culture and Space and the Experience of an Architectural Studio

The issues of analyzing the cultural differences in architecture, and the interaction between culture and space have gained importance in many respects both in practice and in education. ＂Culture＂ and conservation of the ＂cultural heritage＂ have a place in the conditions for the ＂architectural education＂ put forward by the UNESCO （The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization）/UIA （International Union of Architects） Council during the 2002 meeting in Berlin. For this purpose, cultural, social, urban, environmental and architectural values and issues of architectural heritage were defined as specific subjects that should be considered in the preparation of the curriculum to build up a sense of responsibility. From this point of view, this paper aims to propose an educational process for dealing with the sense of cultural heritage and its survival in the modern world, and shares the products of the work carried out at the Project 4 Studio at Faculty of Fine Arts, Department of Interior Architecture, Yeditepe University, as the studio training is the main component of architectural education. The main issue of the paper is to present some examples of the student projects and to consider the importance of design studio, which can gain knowledge about cultural and architectural heritage and develop students＇ skills to adopt and be respectful to traditional values.

Using Social Interaction to Invert the Professional Competencies of Future Architects

The article analyzes the results of a sociological study of the role of public and interdisciplinary communications for formation and inversion of architect’s competences.The study was carried out in 2021-2022 among students of architecture departments in Russia.About 3,000 students of the Moscow Architectural Institute(State Academy)and the Orel State University took part in the study.As a result of processing the data of the written questionnaire with correlation relationships,the potential of“external”educational communications was identified for acquisition of new professional knowledge and competencies in architecture;popularization of socially important ideas in architecture and spatial development;raising a sense of pride and respect for urban historical and cultural heritage;enhancing the prestige of the architectural profession and the status of architectural education;understanding social expectations of architectural activities and factors limiting implementation of projects;identifying factors influencing formation of strategies for the development of architectural education.Four stages of formation and inversion of professional competences in the educational process were singled out:1st-2nd years of training-an“orientation period”;3rd-4th years-the level of Bachelor of Science in Architecture,at which the groundwork of the professional thinking basics is laid-a stage of mastering the basic system-design skills;5th year(diploma thesis)-a stage of entry into creative practice;training at the level of Master of Science in Architecture-scientific-design practice in architecture.Issues concerning underrating the importance of future architects’involvement in joint activities with community and engineering professions representatives to realize the goals of sustainable development were identified;late awareness of the value of participation in volunteer programs.

Control of flowering and inflorescence architecture in tomato bysynergistic interactions between ALOG transcription factors

Inflorescences are flower-bearing shoots that originate from pools of stem cells in shoot apical meristems (SAM).Inflorescence architecture is determined by a process of meristem maturation,during which stem cell fate switches from a vegetative to a reproductive growth program.A major factor in plant reproductive success in nature and yield in agriculture is the number of branches and flowers on inflorescences (Kobayashi and Weigel,2007;