Pricing Stochastic Barrier Options under Hull-White Interest Rate Model

A barrier option valuation model with stochastic barrier which was regarded as the main feature of the model was developed under the Hull-White interest rate model.The purpose of this study was to deal with the stochastic barrier by means of partial differential equation methods and then derive the exact analytical solutions of the barrier options.Furthermore,a numerical example was given to show how to apply this model to pricing one structured product in realistic market.Therefore,this model can provide new insight for future research on structured products involving barrier options.

On the Distribution of Duration of First Negative Surplus for a Discrete Time Risk Model with Random Interest Rate

In this paper, we examine further annuity-due risk model presented by Cai （Probability in the Engineering and Informational Sciences, 16（2002）, 309-324）. We consider the computation for the distribution of duration of first negative surplus and the algorithm is shown for calculating probability that ruin occurs and the duration of first negative surplus takes any nonnegative integers values. Numerical illustration for the main result is given.

Models of the Short Interest Rate in Discrete Processes

The modeling of the term structure of interest rates is one of primary topics for researches in financial economics. Here we consider models of the short interest rate in discrete processes. Our methodology of analysis follows the framework of discrete stochastic calculus.

Predicting Bank Interests When Monetary Rates Are Close to Zero

Monetary policies, either actual or perceived, cause changes in monetary interest rates. These changes impact the economy through financial institutions, which react to changes in the monetary rates with changes in their administered rates, on both deposits and lendings. The dynamics of administered bank interest rates in response to changes in money market rates is essential to examine the impact of monetary policies on the economy. Chong et al. (2006) proposed an error correction model to study such impact, using data previous to the recent financial crisis. In this paper we examine the validity of the model in the recent time period, characterized by very low monetary rates. The current state of close-to-zero monetary rates is of particular relevance, as it has never been studied before. Our main contribution is a novel, more parsimonious, model and a predictive performance assessment methodology, which allows comparing it with the error correction model.

Modelling the Term Structure of Hong Kong Inter-Bank Offered Rates （HIBOR）

Different single-factor models are used to estimate the term structure of Hong Kong Inter-Bank Offered Rates （HIBOR）. These models use stochastic differential equations which effectively reflect market characteristics of short- and long-term interest rates, such as capability of mean reversion and interest rate level fluctuation. For the period from 2005 to early 2007, the economy of Hong Kong had been relatively stable with pretty low volatilities in interest rate. However, starting from 2008 to beginning of 2012, the Hong Kong and the world economies had been steering from relatively stable to fluctuations, the 2008 financial tsunami initiated by the U,S. had been causing financial instability globally. With the U.S： government taking quantitative easing monetary policy, U.S. interest rates fluctuated and submerged rapidly. Volatility of HIBOR was extremely sensitive to fluctuation of U.S. interest rates, since Hong Kong dollar exchange rate has been pegged with U.S. dollar. In short, during the period of early 2008 to early 2012, volatility of short-term interest rate was extremely sensitive. Obviously, the term structure of interest rate for these two periods had made major shift, combining the two periods would lead to unfavorable econometric results.

Discussion of Exchange Rate Fluctcation Using IS-LM Model

This paper analyses the essential cause of exchange market fluctuation by using IS－LM model: excessive investment causes goods overstocking in goods market, which brings about supply exceeding demand:financial market loses equilibrium as well, resulting imbalance of money demand and money supply, which causes interest rate to drop. This Paper gives the relationship between interest rate and exchange rate: as a result of interest rate dropping, exchange rate is in great turbulence,whose fluctuation range relates to some coefficients.

Research on Credit Risk Measurement Based on Uncertain KMV Model

Regarding KMV model identification credit risk profile of small and medium-sized listed companies, at present, domestic scholars has made some achievements in the process of the KMV model combined with China’s national conditions. In this paper, we will amend the model by using uncertain interest rate instead of fixed rate on the basis of existing research. Comparing the uncertain KMV model to traditional KMV model with ST-listed companies and non-ST-listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchange, we find that it performs slightly better as a predictor in uncertain KMV model and in out of sample forecasts.

供应链核心企业财务公司的双边利率定价模型研究

供应链核心企业财务公司的目标是提升链内企业总体资金能力。本文以最优控制理论为指导,基于已有的定价策略模型,以资金成本、预期损失、信誉水平为影响因素构建供应链核心企业财务公司的双边利率定价模型,求解财务公司双边利率的最优值,通过算例分析和图像模拟验证了结果的可行性。结果表明:财务公司的最优贷款利率和最优存款利率之间存在相互影响的函数关系;最优贷款利率随单位成本和信誉水平增加而增加,随预期损失的增加而减小;最优存款利率随单位成本和预期损失的增加而减小,随信誉水平增加而增加,旨在有效指导供应链财务公司进行合理的利率定价。

计及利率与碳价相依性的碳市场风险研究

为准确度量碳市场风险,利率与碳价之间的相依性纳入考虑范围。选取有代表性的区域试点及全国碳市场的碳价数据,并结合银行间同业拆放利率数据进行分析。首先,利用ARMA-GARCH(Auto-regressive and moving average-generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity)模型对碳价和利率2个风险因子的边缘分布进行拟合,在此基础上,分别采用历史模拟法、蒙特卡罗模拟法、正态模拟法和极值分布法,计算未考虑碳价与利率相依性的碳市场单一风险VaR(Value at risk)。为全面评估碳市场风险,进一步地构建Copula-VaR模型,测度考虑碳价与利率相依性的碳市场集成风险。通过研究发现:碳市场集成风险具有区域异质性,风险由大到小排序为:北京、天津、全国、广东、湖北、深圳。此外,将集成风险与碳市场单一风险VaR进行对比分析,发现忽视碳价格与利率的相依性将导致风险高估。

Vasicek随机利率模型下基于条件矩匹配的算术平均亚式期权定价

在Vasicek随机利率模型下,本文引入了基于条件矩匹配的近似方法对算术平均型的亚式期权进行定价.该方法的基本原理是运用条件矩匹配找到伽马分布或者对数正态分布去近似在给定到期日标的资产价格的条件下的标的资产的积分的分布函数.为了在带有Vasicek随机利率的二维随机模型下运用分层近似方法,需要运用测度变换技巧去分离在期权价格公式中关于期权在到期日支付函数折现期望中的随机利率和标的资产函数,从而使得可将近似分布用于替换标的资产的积分的分布.基于用蒙特卡洛模拟得到的亚式期权的基准价格,我们通过几个数值例子测试本文提出的分层近似方法的有效性和稳健性.本文发现,分层近似方法与蒙特卡洛方法相比能极大地提高了亚式期权价格的计算速度,同时也保证了定价的准确性,并且用对数正态分布近似比用伽马分布的准确度更高.

Exponential Bounds for Ruin Probability in Two Moving Average Risk Models with Constant Interest Rate

The authors consider two discrete-time insurance risk models. Two moving average risk models are introduced to model the surplus process, and the probabilities of ruin are examined in models with a constant interest force. Exponential bounds for ruin probabilities of an infinite time horizon are derived by the martingale method.

中国货币政策对周边发达国家的溢出效应

作为世界第二经济大国,中国的货币政策会对其他国家产生外溢性,特别是对于周边发达国家,文章基于PVAR模型,对中国货币政策的利率、货币供应量两个传导渠道进行了深入分析。研究发现,中国宏观经济政策对周边发达国家产出水平、物价水平和汇率均存在溢出效应,通过不同渠道对周边国家经济产出及价格水平产生的影响存在异质性。在大多情况下,与价值型货币政策相比,数量型货币政策带来的不良影响更为显著。未来,中国应持续推进货币制度改革,合理选择“双赢”的货币政策手段,在达成国内货币政策目标的同时,并对周边先进国家的经济产生正面效应,进而推动双方共同向前发展。

中国人口与技术进步变化对利率演化的影响研究

近年来,中国经济显现出“三低一高”态势,宏观政策调控陷入“低利率”困境约束,宏观经济存在“长期性停滞”风险。立足于此,构建TVP-VAR模型,基于以人口红利和技术进步为主的经济增长动能变迁视角深入探究中国“低利率”形成之谜。基于事实分析发现:中国人口结构正不断恶化且人口总规模已于近年来开始趋于负增长,客观表明人口红利逐步走向消失;全要素生产率总体呈现波动下降趋势,且自2011年以后降至1以下,凸显全要素生产率增长日渐放缓。基于同期相关分析、不同提前期以及不同随机时点的时变脉冲分析均发现,人口红利渐失以及技术进步放缓均是导致中国低利率演化的重要因素。研究认为,建立高效的人力资本培育与科技创新体系以扭转经济增长动能转弱态势,加快实体经济结构性改革以培育经济增长新动能,加强多政策工具协调配合而非盲目降低利率,是应对利率下限约束和避免陷入超低利率困境的可行举措。

国债利率期限结构与货币政策传导机制研究——基于利率市场化与货币政策转型的双重视角

构建Nelson-Siegel模型拟合国债利率期限结构曲线的水平因子、斜率因子和曲率因子,在此基础上构建TVP-VAR模型,探究数量型和价格型货币政策框架下基于国债利率期限结构曲线的货币政策传导机制,并研究利率市场化对传导有效性的作用。实证研究表明:价格型和数量型货币政策对国债水平因子作用相同,但对斜率因子作用不同,通过斜率因子对金融市场利率和货币供给量的传导和通过水平因子的传导都具有相反的作用,说明政策利率通过国债斜率因子的传导仍存有阻塞;我国数量型货币政策传导机制仍能发挥一定作用,但传导有效性也逐渐减弱,随着利率市场化的推进,价格型货币政策传导有效性逐渐增强,但仍有局限性。对此,应该进一步完善国债收益率曲线,更好发挥国债收益率曲线的定价基准作用,推进利率市场化改革,加快疏通货币政策传导梗阻,并加快货币政策转型。

随机利率和随机寿命下的欧式未定权益定价

在Hu ll-W h ite利率模型且股票价格遵循指数O-U过程的情形下,讨论了有连续红利的一般欧式股票期权和外汇期权定价,并进一步考虑了合约在到期日前被终止的可能性,得到了随机寿命下的欧式未定权益的定价公式.

中国银行间拆借利率扩散模型的极大拟似然估计

本文用极大拟似然估计法估计了中国银行间市场七天拆借利率扩散模型的参数。并用自助法对众多不同的模型进行了广义拟似然比检验。结论表明:中国货币市场利率具有均值回复效应:利率敏感系数γ值为1.421265,对利率水平具有较高敏感性。

单因子利率模型的极大似然估计——对中国利率的实证分析

文章指出在对利率模型进行适当的离散化后,运用极大似然估计方法进行参数估计优于GMM方法。通过选择7天银行间拆借利率作为模型中短期利率的近似替代,我们第一次将极大似然估计法运用于中国市场,对一系列单因子利率模型的参数进行了估计,并对这些模型进行了似然比检验。我们发现,在中国市场中CKLS模型中γ的值约为1.5,与美国市场中的γ值相近,与英国市场的γ值相差很大,与美英两国都不同的是中国的利率变化有明显的均值回复效应。中国利率均值回复效应显著是中国人民银行对央行目标利率的调整没有美联储对联邦基金利率的调整频繁所致。

随机金融市场环境下的最优再保险–投资策略

为了对冲保险风险,保险公司可以向再保险公司购买比例再保险;同时,为了保值增值,保险公司将其财富投资于金融市场.假设盈余过程由带漂移的布朗运动所驱动,利率满足仿射利率模型,股票波动率满足Heston随机波动率模型.应用随机最优控制和HJB方程方法得到了指数效用下最优再保险–投资策略的显式解.给出数值算例并分析了模型参数对最优再保险策略和最优投资策略的影响.研究结果表明:最优再保险策略不仅依赖于保险市场参数,而且依赖于金融市场参数;随机利率与随机波动率模型下的最优再保险–投资策略与利率动态密切相关,而与波动率动态无关;再保险行为对投资于股票的数量没有影响,而对投资于零息票债券的数量产生较大的影响.

非参数利率期限结构模型的实证检验

利用随机过程的原理和非参数的核函数估计方法建立了非参数的利率期限结构模型 ,采用上海证券交易所的国债回购利率数据对建立的模型进行了实证检验 ,并与 Vasicek、CIR模型进行了比较 .结果显示 ,短期利率扩散过程的漂移函数和扩散函数都是非线性的 ,短期利率的概率分布不服从参数模型所假设的分布 .实证结果证实 ,与参数模型相比 。

基于鞅转化的利率模型漂移函数的设定检验

基于切米雷泽(Khmaladze)鞅转化技术,利用标记的参数经验过程构造两种对利率模型漂移函数参数形式的设定检验方法,并给出该检验方法在原假设条件下的渐近性质与检验统计量的计算方法.所提出的利率模型漂移函数设定检验方法不依赖于利率模型的波动函数形式,即使对于复合假设检验问题也具有渐近分布无关性.蒙特卡洛模拟结果表明这些检验方法具有合理的检验水平(size)和检验功效(power).利用这些检验方法对我国的短期利率动态特征进行实证分析也能得到较好的检验效果.