Design of Cold-Junction Compensation and Disconnection Detection Circuits of Various Thermocouples and Implementation of Multi-Channel Interfaces Using Them-A Secondary Publication

Cold-junction compensation(CJC)and disconnection detection circuit design of various thermocouples(TC)and multi-channel TC interface circuits were designed.The CJC and disconnection detection circuit consists of a CJC semiconductor device,an instrumentation amplifier(IA),two resistors,and a diode for disconnection detection.Based on the basic circuit,a multi-channel interface circuit was also implemented.The CJC was implemented using compensation semiconductor and IA,and disconnection detection was detected by using two resistors and a diode so that IA input voltage became-0.42 V.As a result of the experiment using R-type TC,the error of the designed circuit was reduced from 0.14 mV to 3μV after CJC in the temperature range of 0°C to 1400°C.In addition,it was confirmed that the output voltage of IA was saturated from 88 mV to-14.2 V when TC was disconnected from normal.The output voltage of the designed circuit was 0 V to 10 V in the temperature range of 0°C to 1400°C.The results of the 4-channel interface experiment using R-type TC were almost identical to the CJC and disconnection detection results for each channel.The implemented multi-channel interface has a feature that can be applied equally to E,J,K,T,R,and S-type TCs by changing the terminals of CJC semiconductor devices and adjusting the IA gain.

A review of nonlinear piezoelectric energy harvesting interface circuits in discrete components

Piezoelectric energy harvesting is considered as an ideal power resource for low-power consumption gadgets in vibrational environments.The energy extraction efficiency depends highly on the interface circuit,and should be highly improved to meet the power requirements.The nonlinear interface circuits in discrete components have been extensively explored and developed with the advantages of easy implementation,stable operation,high efficiency,and low cost.This paper reviews the state-of-the-art progress of nonlinear piezoelectric energy harvesting interface circuits in discrete components.First,the working principles and the advantages/disadvantages of four classical interface circuits are described.Then,the improved circuits based on the four typical circuits and other types of circuits are introduced in detail,and the advantages/disadvantages,output power,efficiency,energy consumption,and practicability of these circuits are analyzed.Finally,the future development trends of nonlinear piezoelectric energy harvesting circuits,e.g.,self-powered extraction,low-power consumption,and broadband characteristic,are predicted.

Design and implementation of control system for superconducting RSFQ circuit

The superconducting rapid single flux quantum(RSFQ)integrated circuit is a promising solu-tion for overcoming speed and power bottlenecks in high-performance computing systems in the post-Moore era.This paper presents an architecture designed to improve the speed and power limitations of high-performance computing systems using superconducting technology.Since superconducting microprocessors,which operate at cryogenic temperatures,require support from semiconductor cir-cuits,the proposed design utilizes the von Neumann architecture with a superconducting RSFQ mi-croprocessor,cryogenic semiconductor memory,a room temperature field programmable gate array(FPGA)controller,and a host computer for input/output.Additionally,the paper introduces two key circuit designs:a start/stop controllable superconducting clock generator and an asynchronous communication interface between the RSFQ and semiconductor chips used to implement the control system.Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed design is feasible and effective,provi-ding valuable insights for future superconducting computer systems.

Design of a Low-Power CMOS LVDS I/O Interface Circuit

The paper presents the design and implementation of LVDS （low-voltage differential signaling） receiver circuit, fully compatible with LVDS standard. The proposed circuit is composed of the telescopic amplifier and the comparator with internal hysteresis. The receiver supports 3.5 Gbps data rate with 7.4 mA current at 1.8 V supply according to post-layout circuit simulations. The circuit has the power consumption of 13.1 MW. Comparing with the conventional circuit, the circuit is achieved to reduce the power consumption by 19.1% and the data rate by 14.3 %. The validity and effectiveness of the proposed circuit are verified through the circuit simulation with Samsung 0.18 μm CMOS （complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor） standard technology under the 1.8 V supply voltage.

A Full CMOS Integration Including ISFET Microsensors and Interface Circuit for Biochemical Applications

One of today's challenges is the integration of ISFETs in chemical and biochemical Microsystems.This article presents a full integration of ISFET chip containing the ISFET/REFET(reference FET) pair,ISFET/REFET amplifiers,bias current generator,as well as a reference electrode structure,all integrated on the same chip based on CMOS technology.The sensor chip was fabricated in a standard 0.35μm CMOS process(Chartered Semiconductor,Singapore).The extra post processing steps have been developed and added for depositing membranes.Finally,the pH response of the integrated sensor was measured with the interface circuit.

A Review of PVT Compensation Circuits for Advanced CMOS Technologies

The recent high-performance interfaces like DDR2, DDR3, USB and Serial ATA require their output drivers to provide a minimum variation of rise and fall times over Process, Voltage, and Temperature (PVT) and output load variations. As the interface speed grows up, the output drivers have been important component for high quality signal integrity, because the output voltage levels and slew rate are mainly determined by the output drivers. The output driver impedance compliance with the transmission line is a key factor in noise minimization due to the signal reflections. In this paper, the different implementations of PVT compensation circuits are analyzed for cmos45nm and cmos65nm technology processes. One of the considered PVT compensation circuits uses the analog compensation approach. This circuit was designed in cmos45nm technology. Other two PVT compensation circuits use the digital compensation method. These circuits were designed in cmos65nm technology. Their electrical characteristics are matched with the requirements for I/O drivers with respect to DDR2 and DDR3 standards. DDR2 I/O design was done by the Freescale wireless design team for mobile phones and later was re-used for other high speed interface designs. In conclusion, the advantages and disadvantages of considered PVT control circuits are analyzed.

THE QUATERNARY INTERFACE TECHNIQUE IN ECL INTEGRATED CIRCUITS

The theory of differential current switches which applies to the design of multivaluedECL circuits is introduced.In this theory,the switching state of differential transistor pairand signal in ECL circuits are described by switching variables and quaternary signal variables,respectively.he connection operations between the two kinds of variables are introduced todescribe the action process between switching element and signal in the circuits.Based on thistheory,two kinds of interface circuits-2-4 encoder and 4-2 decoder are designed.The computersimulation for the designed circuits by using SPICE program confirms that both circuits havecorrect logic functions,desired DO transfer characteristics and transient characteristics.Theseinterface circuits are compatible with binary circuits in the integrated process,the power supplyequipment,the logic stage and the transient characteristic.Therefore,they can be used as input-output interface of the existing binary ECL integrated circuits so as to decrease the number ofpins of a chip and the connections between chips.

Characterization of topological phase of superlattices in superconducting circuits

The recent experimental observation of topological magnon insulator states in a superconducting circuit chain marks a breakthrough for topological physics with qubits, in which a dimerized qubit chain has been realized. Here, we extend such a dimer lattice to superlattice with arbitrary number of qubits in each unit cell in superconducting circuits, which exhibits rich topological properties. Specifically, by considering a quadrimeric superlattice, we show that the topological invariant(winding number) can be effectively characterized by the dynamics of the single-excitation quantum state through time-dependent quantities. Moreover, we explore the appearance and detection of the topological protected edge states in such a multiband qubit system. Finally, we also demonstrate the stable Bloch-like-oscillation of multiple interface states induced by the interference of them. Our proposal can be readily realized in experiment and may pave the way towards the investigation of topological quantum phases and topologically protected quantum information processing.

Electronically Tunable Minimum Component Biquadratic Filters for Interface Circuits

In this paper, two new electronically tunable filter configurations are proposed. The proposed filters operate current-mode (CM), voltage-mode (VM), transimpedance-mode (TIM) and transadmittance-mode (TAM). The first configuration realizes second-order VM band-pass and TAM high-pass filter characteristics from the same configuration. The second one realizes second-order TIM band-pass and CM low-pass filter characteristics from the same configuration. They also use minimum number of electronic components (two capacitors and one active component namely;current controlled current difference transconductance amplifier). The workability of the proposed structures has been demonstrated by simulation results.

基于Profibus-DP的中冷控制器的设计研究

【目的】中冷控制器涵盖多种科学技术,具有一定的开发难度。【方法】课题组基于Profibus-DP总线接口,结合现代电子/电气设计方法和EMC工程设计实务,采用电路的模块化方法,设计了四种中冷控制器模块方案,从电机伺服驱动、温度测量、编码器脉冲计数、Profibus-DP总线四个方面分析了中冷控制器接口设计及算法,提出了部分硬件设计原理图以及温度控制算法及编程,并进行了发动机转速分别为1400 rpm、1800 rpm和2000 rpm时的涡轮增压后空气温升、压降、扭矩降实验。【结果】在不同运转工况下,发动机温升速度均不相同,功率越大、负荷越高,则温升速率越快;随着温度升高,涡轮增压的空气压力反而下降;随着涡轮增压后空气的温升,发动机扭矩下降。【结论】通过比较,选用总线桥产品,可以优化电子器件布局、布板布线,大大缩短课题开发时间,提高总线应用的稳定性与可靠性,对于短时间内工业级产品的设计与制造具有很好的应用价值。

逆变型电源场站故障稳态电流实用化计算方法

单机倍乘法常用于逆变型电源场站的故障稳态建模,可简单估算场站短路电流水平,但计算精度有待提升。文中首先分析了低电压穿越控制策略约束下,有功出力、电压跌落程度对发电单元输出的稳态电流的决定性作用,得出故障稳态电流输出特性曲线,基于此分析了场站电气距离及有功出力差异对单机倍乘法计算误差的影响。在误差分析的基础上,提出了计及发电单元分布特性的改进单机倍乘法。该方法在发电单元接入点电压计算中,利用等值阻抗来等效发电单元与并网点的电气距离;将场站分群等值为两台机组,减小发电单元间有功出力差异对短路特性的影响。不同场景下的仿真分析表明,改进方法计算精度较单机倍乘法有着较大的提升。所提方法仅需通过简单计算即可实现场站分群和短路电流聚合,有较好的工程实用性。

基于磁性传感器的低失调温度补偿接口电路设计

面向磁性传感器在物联网(IoT)技术中的广泛应用,该文基于180 nm CMOS工艺设计了一种具有低失调电压,低温度漂移特性的霍尔传感器接口电路。针对霍尔传感器灵敏度的温度漂移特性,该文设计了一种感温电路并与查表法相结合,调节可编程增益放大器(PGA)的增益有效地降低了霍尔传感器的温度系数(TC)。在此基础上,通过在信号主通路中使用相关双采样(CDS)技术,极大程度上消除了霍尔传感器的失调电压。仿真结果表明,在–40°C~125°C温度范围内,霍尔传感器的TC从966.4 ppm/°C减小到了58.1 ppm/°C。信号主通路的流片结果表明,霍尔传感器的失调电压从25 mV左右减小到了4 mV左右,霍尔传感器的非线性误差为0.50%。芯片的总面积为0.69 mm^(2)。

基于Sm-PMN-PT和改进型DICH接口电路的压电取能功率提升方法

通过压电取能方式将电力设备表面的机械振动能转化为电能,是实现电力专用传感器无源化的有效途径之一。然而,传感器高集成度和小型化发展趋势对压电取能功率提出了更高要求。为此,提出一种基于钐掺杂铌镁酸铅-钛酸铅(Sm-doped Pb(Mg_(1/3)Nb_(2/3))O_(3)-PbTiO_(3),Sm-PMN-PT)材料和改进型双中间电容回收(improved double intermediate capacitor harvesting,improved-DICH)接口电路的压电取能功率提升方法。首先,制备了不同Sm掺杂质量分数为x和PT质量分数为y的xSm-PMN-yPT压电双晶片,并对压电材料的性能参数进行了测试和对比;其次,在对比分析几种典型接口电路的基础上,设计了一种改进型DICH接口电路,并从理论上进行了取能功率的对比分析;然后,采用Multisim软件对不同接口电路的取能功率进行了仿真分析;最后,对Sm-PMN-PT压电双晶片和锆钛酸铅(Pb(Zr1–xTix)O3,PZT)压电陶瓷在不同接口电路下的取能功率和能量提取效率进行了对比测试。研究结果表明:基于2.5%Sm-PMN-32%PT材料和改进型DICH接口电路的压电取能装置具有516.3μW的高输出功率、61.1%的高能量提取效率和较强的负载适应性,在取能领域具有良好的工程应用前景。

一种基于MIPI D-PHY物理层的高速比较器

基于MIPI D-PHY物理层传输协议,文章设计一种高速低功耗的自偏置比较器电路,并对电路进行理论分析和仿真验证。该高速比较器总体结构由二级运放构成:共栅极和共源极以及工作在线性区的NMOS管组成第1级放大结构;电流源作负载的四管运放组成第2级放大结构。差分信号通过NMOS源极进行输入,提升信号的共模电压接收范围。电路结构中无额外电流源偏置,提高数据传输速率的同时减小了功耗。基于SMIC 0.18μm CMOS工艺设计,采用1.8 V电压供电,仿真结果表明:高速比较器能准确接收低共模电平的差分信号,直流增益为37.4 dB,传输速率达到2.5 Gb/s,功耗达到326μW/(Gb/s),可以接收到差分信号的共模电平范围为30~330 mV。

Functional near-infrared spectroscopy in non-invasive neuromodulation

Non-invasive cerebral neuromodulation technologies are essential for the reorganization of cerebral neural networks,which have been widely applied in the field of central neurological diseases,such as stroke,Parkinson’s disease,and mental disorders.Although significant advances have been made in neuromodulation technologies,the identification of optimal neurostimulation paramete rs including the co rtical target,duration,and inhibition or excitation pattern is still limited due to the lack of guidance for neural circuits.Moreove r,the neural mechanism unde rlying neuromodulation for improved behavioral performance remains poorly understood.Recently,advancements in neuroimaging have provided insight into neuromodulation techniques.Functional near-infrared spectroscopy,as a novel non-invasive optical brain imaging method,can detect brain activity by measuring cerebral hemodynamics with the advantages of portability,high motion tole rance,and anti-electromagnetic interference.Coupling functional near-infra red spectroscopy with neuromodulation technologies offe rs an opportunity to monitor the cortical response,provide realtime feedbac k,and establish a closed-loop strategy integrating evaluation,feedbac k,and intervention for neurostimulation,which provides a theoretical basis for development of individualized precise neuro rehabilitation.We aimed to summarize the advantages of functional near-infra red spectroscopy and provide an ove rview of the current research on functional near-infrared spectroscopy in transcranial magnetic stimulation,transcranial electrical stimulation,neurofeedback,and braincomputer interfaces.Furthermore,the future perspectives and directions for the application of functional near-infrared spectroscopy in neuromodulation are summarized.In conclusion,functional near-infrared spectroscopy combined with neuromodulation may promote the optimization of central pellral reorganization to achieve better functional recovery form central nervous system diseases.

多片8279与单片机及键盘/显示器接口电路设计

给出了多片 82 79与单片机、键盘、显示器接口电路的软硬件 。

压电俘能器接口电路的仿真与实验研究

为了提高涡致振动压电俘能器的能量收集效率和更好地适应接口电路负载变化,提出了一种增强型串联同步开关电感接口电路(ES-SSHI)。通过理论分析得到了接口电路能量收集效率的计算公式,然后利用Multisim电路仿真软件对增强型串联同步接口电路进行仿真分析,得到了接口电路输出功率随负载的变化曲线。最后实际搭建了涡致振动压电俘能器风洞测试装置和接口电路,对俘能器接口电路的实际采集功率进行测试和分析。结果表明ES-SSHI电路的理论功率为220μW,仿真最高输出功率为265.1μW,实验最高输出功率为98.2μW,输出功率相比目前比较流行的电路明显较高,同时负载适应性更强。

计及界面电荷和极性效应的油纸复合绝缘非线性电路等效模型

换流变压器是特高压直流输电工程中的关键设备,换流变压器油纸复合绝缘的界面处在直流电压下易积聚电荷,诱发局部放电甚至击穿。当前对于界面电荷的积聚分布,多采用传统的阻容模型进行计算,存在较大的误差。该文提出一种简易的非线性电路等效模型,首先,分别测量变压器油和油浸纸板的电容、电阻参数与极化电流,获得油纸的拓展Debye模型;其次,在拓展Debye模型的基础上,将变压器油和油浸纸板的恒定电阻模型改为随电场变化的非线性模型,并加入反映极性效应的界面势垒限制电流源,以此建立等效模型;最后,将电路等效模型仿真结果与实际测量结果进行对比。结果表明,与实际测量结果相比,该等效模型具有良好的适用性。该文模型为油纸绝缘的电场分布、界面电荷积聚量的计算提供了一种准确度较高的简便方法。

基于PROFIBUS的注塑机网络控制系统

针对注塑成型行业发展趋势,采用PLC加PC机的监控站模式,以PLC为1类主站,PC机为2类主站,现场设备及从站接口电路一起构成智能从站,应用PROFIBUS现场总线把PC机与现场注塑机连接起来,构建注塑机网络控制系统。采用单片机加协议芯片方式开发PROFIBUS-DP从站接口电路,使注塑机能够连入整个PROFIBUS总线网络,实现生产管理与过程控制的信息化。

基于F28335的PROFIBUS-DP从站与CAN通信接口设计

Profibus-DP和CAN总线作为最流行的两种现场总线,应用越来越广泛。针对不同总线接口的设备无法通信的问题,提出了基于F28335的Profibus-DP从站与CAN通信接口设计。采用专用通信处理芯片VPC3+S与F28335并行通信的方式实现了Profibus-DP从站接口设计,采用隔离收发模块与eCAN模块实现了CAN通信接口设计。通过硬件组态进行了接口通信对比试验,试验结果表明,基于F28335的Profibus-DP从站与CAN通信接口能够实现系统之间的可靠通信,而且具有实现简单、方便接入的特点。