Transmission line manipulations in a power system are necessary for the execution of preventative or corrective main- tenance in a network, thus ensuring the stability of the system. In this study, primal-dual interio...Transmission line manipulations in a power system are necessary for the execution of preventative or corrective main- tenance in a network, thus ensuring the stability of the system. In this study, primal-dual interior-point methods are used to minimize costs and losses in the generation and transmission of the predispatch active power flow in a hydroelectric system with previously scheduled line manipulations for preventative maintenance, over a period of twenty-four hours. The matrix structure of this problem and the modification that it imposes on the system is also broached in this study. From the computational standpoint, the effort required to solve a problem with or without line manipulations is similar, and the reasons for this are also discussed in this study. Computational results sustain our findings.展开更多
建筑室内空间LED照明过量的蓝光辐射会对视网膜造成损伤。建筑室内照明的辐射与环境反射光谱分布有关。为了得出建筑室内空间环境反射光谱的蓝光辐射强度,在7种不同照度下测量和计算了5 000 K LED光源的直射光谱和环境反射光谱。结果表...建筑室内空间LED照明过量的蓝光辐射会对视网膜造成损伤。建筑室内照明的辐射与环境反射光谱分布有关。为了得出建筑室内空间环境反射光谱的蓝光辐射强度,在7种不同照度下测量和计算了5 000 K LED光源的直射光谱和环境反射光谱。结果表明LED照明在建筑室内空间实际应用中,环境反射光谱的辐射强度只有光源直接辐射强度的20%,眼睛实际接收到的辐射强度远远低于蓝光辐射安全限值,不会造成视网膜损伤。对于主要发出蓝光的光源长时间高强度照明对视网膜仍可能存在潜在危害。展开更多
文摘Transmission line manipulations in a power system are necessary for the execution of preventative or corrective main- tenance in a network, thus ensuring the stability of the system. In this study, primal-dual interior-point methods are used to minimize costs and losses in the generation and transmission of the predispatch active power flow in a hydroelectric system with previously scheduled line manipulations for preventative maintenance, over a period of twenty-four hours. The matrix structure of this problem and the modification that it imposes on the system is also broached in this study. From the computational standpoint, the effort required to solve a problem with or without line manipulations is similar, and the reasons for this are also discussed in this study. Computational results sustain our findings.
文摘建筑室内空间LED照明过量的蓝光辐射会对视网膜造成损伤。建筑室内照明的辐射与环境反射光谱分布有关。为了得出建筑室内空间环境反射光谱的蓝光辐射强度,在7种不同照度下测量和计算了5 000 K LED光源的直射光谱和环境反射光谱。结果表明LED照明在建筑室内空间实际应用中,环境反射光谱的辐射强度只有光源直接辐射强度的20%,眼睛实际接收到的辐射强度远远低于蓝光辐射安全限值,不会造成视网膜损伤。对于主要发出蓝光的光源长时间高强度照明对视网膜仍可能存在潜在危害。
