AIM:To elucidate the effect of rapamycin on regulating the production of interleukin(IL)-1β in Aspergillus fumigatus(A.fumigatus)-induced keratitis and to verify whether the expression of IL-1β in A.fumigatus kerati...AIM:To elucidate the effect of rapamycin on regulating the production of interleukin(IL)-1β in Aspergillus fumigatus(A.fumigatus)-induced keratitis and to verify whether the expression of IL-1β in A.fumigatus keratitis is associated with the mammalian target of rapamycin(mT OR)/Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4) signaling pathway.METHODS:Fungal keratitis mouse models of susceptible C57 BL/6 mice were established using A.fumigatus.The mice were subsequently treated with rapamycin.The protein levels of p-mT OR,TLR4,and IL-1β in normal and infected corneal tissue were measured by Western blot.The TLR4 and IL-1β m RNA levels were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction(PCR).RESULTS:In C57 BL/6 mice,rapamycin treatment decreased the clinical scores and production of the pro-inflammatory cytokine,IL-1β.The expression of TLR4,stimulated by A.fumigatus,was reduced as well when the mT OR signaling pathway was suppressed by rapamycin.CONCLUSION:Rapamycin is beneficial for the outcome of fungal keratitis and has an inhibitory effect expression of the inflammatory cytokine IL-1β.The inhibitory effect on IL-1β expression can be associated with the mT OR/TLR4 signaling pathway in A.fumigatus infection in mice.展开更多
BACKGROUND The prevention and treatment of Hirschsprung-associated enterocolitis(HAEC)is a serious challenge in pediatric surgery.Exploring the mechanism of HAEC is conducive to the prevention of this disease.AIM To e...BACKGROUND The prevention and treatment of Hirschsprung-associated enterocolitis(HAEC)is a serious challenge in pediatric surgery.Exploring the mechanism of HAEC is conducive to the prevention of this disease.AIM To explore the possible mechanism of glycyrrhizic acid(GA)and its therapeutic effect on HAEC.METHODS We developed a model of enteritis induced by trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid(TNBS)in zebrafish,and treated it with different concentrations of GA.We analyzed the effect of GA on the phenotype and inflammation of zebrafish.RESULTS After treatment with TNBS,the area of the intestinal lumen in zebrafish was significantly increased,but the number of goblet cells in the intestinal lumen was significantly reduced,but these did not increase the mortality of zebrafish,indicating that the zebrafish enteritis model was successfully developed.Different concentrations of GA protected zebrafish with enteritis.In particular,high concentrations of GA were important for the prevention and control of HAEC because it significantly reduced the intestinal luminal area,increased the number of goblet cells in the intestinal lumen,and reduced the levels of interleukin(IL)-1βand IL-8.CONCLUSION GA significantly reduced the intestinal luminal area,increased the number of intestinal goblet cells,and decreased IL-1βand IL-8 in zebrafish,and is important for prevention and control of HAEC.展开更多
Opioids,such as morphine,are the most potent drugs used to treat pain.Long-term use results in high tolerance to morphine.High mobility group box-1(HMGB1) has been shown to participate in neuropathic or inflammatory p...Opioids,such as morphine,are the most potent drugs used to treat pain.Long-term use results in high tolerance to morphine.High mobility group box-1(HMGB1) has been shown to participate in neuropathic or inflammatory pain,but its role in morphine tolerance is unclear.In this study,we established rat and mouse models of morphine tolerance by intrathecal injection of morphine for 7 consecutive days.We found that morphine induced rat spinal cord neurons to release a large amount of HMGB1.HMGB1 regulated nuclear factor κB p65 phosphorylation and interleukin-1β production by increasing Toll-like receptor 4receptor expression in microglia,thereby inducing morphine tolerance.Glycyrrhizin,an HMGB1 inhibito r,markedly attenuated chronic morphine tole rance in the mouse model.Finally,compound C(adenosine 5’-monophosphate-activated protein kinase inhibitor) and zinc protoporphyrin(heme oxygenase-1 inhibitor)alleviated the morphine-induced release of HMGB1 and reduced nuclear factor κB p65 phosphorylation and interleukin-1β production in a mouse model of morphine tolerance and an SH-SY5Y cell model of morphine tole rance,and alleviated morphine tolerance in the mouse model.These findings suggest that morphine induces HMGB1 release via the adenosine 5’-monophosphate-activated protein kinase/heme oxygenase-1 signaling pathway,and that inhibiting this signaling pathway can effectively reduce morphine tole rance.展开更多
目的:观察脂多糖(LPS)预处理后白细胞介素-1受体相关激酶-4(IRAK-4)表达水平在大鼠肝脏缺血再灌注(I/R)早期的变化,探讨LPS预处理减轻肝脏缺血再灌注损害(I/R I)的相关机制。方法:雄性SD大鼠,随机分为正常对照组,缺血再灌注组(I/R组)和...目的:观察脂多糖(LPS)预处理后白细胞介素-1受体相关激酶-4(IRAK-4)表达水平在大鼠肝脏缺血再灌注(I/R)早期的变化,探讨LPS预处理减轻肝脏缺血再灌注损害(I/R I)的相关机制。方法:雄性SD大鼠,随机分为正常对照组,缺血再灌注组(I/R组)和LPS预处理组(LPS组)。正常对照组未予任何处理;LPS组第1 d经尾静脉给予脂多糖0.1mg.kg-1,第2、3、4、5 d给予0.5 mg.kg-1;I/R组给予等体积0.5 mL无菌PBS液。第8 d,建立肝脏缺血再灌注模型。再灌注后0 m in、60 m in及180 m in,蛋白免疫印记法及逆转录-聚合酶链式反应测定肝组织的IRAK-4蛋白和mRNA表达水平;酶连免疫吸附法检测肝组织NF-κB活性及血清TNF-α含量。结果:再灌注0 m in,IRAK-4蛋白与mRNA表达水平依次为LPS组>I/R组>正常对照组(P<0.01),NF-κB活性以及TNF-α含量LPS组与I/R组差异无显著(P>0.05),但均高于正常对照组(P<0.01);再灌注后60 m in及180m in,LPS组的IRAK-4蛋白与mRNA表达水平,NF-κB活性以及TNF-α含量却明显低于I/R组(P<0.01)。结论:抑制IRAK-4表达是LPS预处理减轻肝脏I/R I的重要机制之一。展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81470609No.81500695)
文摘AIM:To elucidate the effect of rapamycin on regulating the production of interleukin(IL)-1β in Aspergillus fumigatus(A.fumigatus)-induced keratitis and to verify whether the expression of IL-1β in A.fumigatus keratitis is associated with the mammalian target of rapamycin(mT OR)/Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4) signaling pathway.METHODS:Fungal keratitis mouse models of susceptible C57 BL/6 mice were established using A.fumigatus.The mice were subsequently treated with rapamycin.The protein levels of p-mT OR,TLR4,and IL-1β in normal and infected corneal tissue were measured by Western blot.The TLR4 and IL-1β m RNA levels were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction(PCR).RESULTS:In C57 BL/6 mice,rapamycin treatment decreased the clinical scores and production of the pro-inflammatory cytokine,IL-1β.The expression of TLR4,stimulated by A.fumigatus,was reduced as well when the mT OR signaling pathway was suppressed by rapamycin.CONCLUSION:Rapamycin is beneficial for the outcome of fungal keratitis and has an inhibitory effect expression of the inflammatory cytokine IL-1β.The inhibitory effect on IL-1β expression can be associated with the mT OR/TLR4 signaling pathway in A.fumigatus infection in mice.
基金Joint Funds for the Innovation of Science and Technology,Fujian Province,No.2020Y9139Startup Fund for Scientific Research,Fujian Medical University,No.2019QH1141.
文摘BACKGROUND The prevention and treatment of Hirschsprung-associated enterocolitis(HAEC)is a serious challenge in pediatric surgery.Exploring the mechanism of HAEC is conducive to the prevention of this disease.AIM To explore the possible mechanism of glycyrrhizic acid(GA)and its therapeutic effect on HAEC.METHODS We developed a model of enteritis induced by trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid(TNBS)in zebrafish,and treated it with different concentrations of GA.We analyzed the effect of GA on the phenotype and inflammation of zebrafish.RESULTS After treatment with TNBS,the area of the intestinal lumen in zebrafish was significantly increased,but the number of goblet cells in the intestinal lumen was significantly reduced,but these did not increase the mortality of zebrafish,indicating that the zebrafish enteritis model was successfully developed.Different concentrations of GA protected zebrafish with enteritis.In particular,high concentrations of GA were important for the prevention and control of HAEC because it significantly reduced the intestinal luminal area,increased the number of goblet cells in the intestinal lumen,and reduced the levels of interleukin(IL)-1βand IL-8.CONCLUSION GA significantly reduced the intestinal luminal area,increased the number of intestinal goblet cells,and decreased IL-1βand IL-8 in zebrafish,and is important for prevention and control of HAEC.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNos.81971047 (to WTL) and 82073910 (to XFW)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,No.BK20191253 (to XFW)Key R&D Program (Social Development) Project of Jiangsu Province,No.BE2019 732 (to WTL)Jiangsu Province Hospital (the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University) Clinical Capacity Enhancement Project,No.JSPH-511B2018-8 (to YBP)。
文摘Opioids,such as morphine,are the most potent drugs used to treat pain.Long-term use results in high tolerance to morphine.High mobility group box-1(HMGB1) has been shown to participate in neuropathic or inflammatory pain,but its role in morphine tolerance is unclear.In this study,we established rat and mouse models of morphine tolerance by intrathecal injection of morphine for 7 consecutive days.We found that morphine induced rat spinal cord neurons to release a large amount of HMGB1.HMGB1 regulated nuclear factor κB p65 phosphorylation and interleukin-1β production by increasing Toll-like receptor 4receptor expression in microglia,thereby inducing morphine tolerance.Glycyrrhizin,an HMGB1 inhibito r,markedly attenuated chronic morphine tole rance in the mouse model.Finally,compound C(adenosine 5’-monophosphate-activated protein kinase inhibitor) and zinc protoporphyrin(heme oxygenase-1 inhibitor)alleviated the morphine-induced release of HMGB1 and reduced nuclear factor κB p65 phosphorylation and interleukin-1β production in a mouse model of morphine tolerance and an SH-SY5Y cell model of morphine tole rance,and alleviated morphine tolerance in the mouse model.These findings suggest that morphine induces HMGB1 release via the adenosine 5’-monophosphate-activated protein kinase/heme oxygenase-1 signaling pathway,and that inhibiting this signaling pathway can effectively reduce morphine tole rance.
文摘目的:观察脂多糖(LPS)预处理后白细胞介素-1受体相关激酶-4(IRAK-4)表达水平在大鼠肝脏缺血再灌注(I/R)早期的变化,探讨LPS预处理减轻肝脏缺血再灌注损害(I/R I)的相关机制。方法:雄性SD大鼠,随机分为正常对照组,缺血再灌注组(I/R组)和LPS预处理组(LPS组)。正常对照组未予任何处理;LPS组第1 d经尾静脉给予脂多糖0.1mg.kg-1,第2、3、4、5 d给予0.5 mg.kg-1;I/R组给予等体积0.5 mL无菌PBS液。第8 d,建立肝脏缺血再灌注模型。再灌注后0 m in、60 m in及180 m in,蛋白免疫印记法及逆转录-聚合酶链式反应测定肝组织的IRAK-4蛋白和mRNA表达水平;酶连免疫吸附法检测肝组织NF-κB活性及血清TNF-α含量。结果:再灌注0 m in,IRAK-4蛋白与mRNA表达水平依次为LPS组>I/R组>正常对照组(P<0.01),NF-κB活性以及TNF-α含量LPS组与I/R组差异无显著(P>0.05),但均高于正常对照组(P<0.01);再灌注后60 m in及180m in,LPS组的IRAK-4蛋白与mRNA表达水平,NF-κB活性以及TNF-α含量却明显低于I/R组(P<0.01)。结论:抑制IRAK-4表达是LPS预处理减轻肝脏I/R I的重要机制之一。
