Evaluating the role of interleukin-2 and interleukin-12 in pediatric patients with concurrent Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Epstein-Barr virus infections

BACKGROUND Mycoplasma pneumoniae(MP)frequently causes respiratory infections in children,whereas Epstein-Barr virus(EBV)typically presents subclinical manifestations in immunocompetent pediatric populations.The incidence of MP and EBV coinfections is often overlooked clinically,with the contributory role of EBV in pulmonary infections alongside MP remaining unclear.AIM To evaluate the serum concentrations of interleukin-2(IL-2)and interleukin-12(IL-12)in pediatric patients with MP pneumonia co-infected with EBV and assess their prognostic implications.METHODS We retrospectively analyzed clinical data from patients diagnosed with MP and EBV co-infection,isolated MP infection,and a control group of healthy children,spanning from January 1,2018 to December 31,2021.Serum IL-2 and IL-12 levels were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Logistic regression was employed to identify factors influencing poor prognosis,while receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves evaluated the prognostic utility of serum IL-2 and IL-12 levels in co-infected patients.RESULTS The co-infection group exhibited elevated serum IL-2 and C-reactive protein(CRP)levels compared to both the MP-only and control groups,with a reverse trend observed for IL-12(P<0.05).In the poor prognosis cohort,elevated CRP and IL-2 levels,alongside prolonged fever duration,contrasted with reduced IL-12 levels(P<0.05).Logistic regression identified elevated IL-2 as an independent risk factor and high IL-12 as a protective factor for adverse outcomes(P<0.05).ROC analysis indicated that the area under the curves for IL-2,IL-12,and their combination in predicting poor prognosis were 0.815,0.895,and 0.915,respectively.CONCLUSION Elevated serum IL-2 and diminished IL-12 levels in pediatric patients with MP and EBV co-infection correlate with poorer prognosis,with combined IL-2 and IL-12 levels offering enhanced predictive accuracy.

Assessment of natural and interleukin-2-induced production of interferon-gamma in patients with liver diseases

AIMS To clarify whether the lower interferon gamma (IFNγ) production by lymphocytes in patients with liver diseases is due to defects of lymphocytes themselves or of other cofactors such as interleukin-2(IL-2). METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with various liver diseases were cultured with or without PHA and IL-2. The cells were harvested and counted and the su- pernatants were tested for IFNγ by a sensitive and quantitative ABC-ELISA. RESULTS IFNγ was not round in serum samples from patients as well as normal individuals. However,in supernatants of non-in- duced and induced PBMCs,IFN7 was detected by ABC-ELISA. In non-induced PBMCs (group 1),the content of IFNγ in super- natants from control,CAH,CPH and HCC was 8.72 μg/L, 5.03 μg/L,6.02 μg/L and 4.91 μg/L respectively. The pro- duction of IFNγ in liver disease was significantly decreased,com- pared to control. In group 2 in which PBMCs were stimulated with PHA,the content of IFNγ was 22.71,17.12,14.54 and 17.63 μg/L respectively. In group 3 in which PBMCs were in- duced by IL-2,the amount of IFN7 in supernatant from control (60.67 μg/L) was much larger than those from CAH (21.70 μg/ L),CPH (24.00 μg/L) and HCC (19.15 μg/L) (P<0.01). Comparing the amount of IFNγ in group 3 (IL-2-induced) with that in group 1 (non-induced),we found that IFNγ production was en- hanced by nearly 4 folds in liver diseases and by over 7 folds in control,Whereas the number of PBMCs,whether from liver dis- eases or from control,was increased by only approximately 3 folds. CONCLUSIONS The decreased production of IFNγ in liver dis- eases including HCC is mainly due to endogenous defects of lym- phocytes though the defects of stimulating cofactors such as IL-2 may also be involved.

延伸因子Tu GTP结合域蛋白2功能研究进展

延伸因子Tu GTP结合域蛋白2(elongation factor Tu GTP binding domain containing protein,EFTUD2)是剪接体复合物U5小核糖核蛋白的核心组件,通过调节剪接体的剪接功能进而调控相关基因的表达。本文旨在总结EFTUD2在免疫调节、胚胎发育和肿瘤进展等方面的重要作用。

Study of the Effect of Leeching on Plasma Endothelin and Soluble Interleukin-2 Receptor in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Objective: to explore the mechanism of leeching in treating systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods: Forty-four patients with SLE were randomly divided into conventional corticosteroid treated group (control group, n =20) and conventional treatment group with leeching intervention added (leeching group, n =24). Before and after treatment the concentration of plasma endothelin (ET) and soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) were determined. Results: Before treatment the level of plasma ET and sIL-2R in the SLE patients were all higher than those in the normal healthy group, ( P <0.01). But after treatment the level of these in both groups were significantly improved than those of before treatment ( P <0.05), and comparison between these two treated groups showed that the difference between them was significant ( P <0.05). Conclusion: Leeching added to conventional treatment of SLE could be more effective in improving the level of plasma ET and sIL-2R, and ameliorating the impairment of renal tissues.

Eftud2对星形胶质细胞炎症的作用研究

背景创伤性脑损伤后异常激活的神经炎症是预后不良的主要原因之一,星形胶质细胞在炎症发展中具有促进修复或加重损伤的双重作用。延长因子Tu GTP结合域蛋白2(elongation factor Tu GTP binding domain containing protein,Eftud2)是免疫调节因子,在炎症和肿瘤的发生发展中均具重要作用。目的观察Eftud2对星形胶质细胞炎症的影响。方法小鼠随机分为假手术组和创伤性脑损伤组,使用经典控制性皮质撞击装置构建创伤性脑损伤模型。免疫荧光观察损伤前后S100β和Eftud2含量变化。转棒和平衡木实验评估小鼠造模前后运动功能的改变。实时荧光定量PCR检测损伤前后组织中IL-1β、TNF-α、NLRP3转录水平变化。使用小干扰RNA敲低小鼠星形胶质细胞(mouse astrocyte,MA)中的Eftud2,而后使用脂多糖刺激MA细胞系模拟炎性状态,实时荧光定量PCR检测MA细胞中IL-6、IL-1β、TNF-α、GM-CSF、CXCL-10、IL-10、MyD88转录水平变化,蛋白质免疫印迹检测MA细胞中Eftud2和MyD88的蛋白表达变化。结果动物实验中,与假手术组相比,创伤性脑损伤组小鼠损伤部位Eftud2和S100β荧光强度增加(P<0.01),损伤组织周围炎性因子IL-1β、TNF-α、NLRP3转录水平升高(P<0.01)。细胞实验中,用脂多糖刺激后,MA细胞中Eftud2蛋白表达水平上调(P<0.05),同时Eftud2转录水平和单细胞荧光强度也升高(P<0.01)。给予小干扰RNA后,敲低组MA细胞中Eftud2蛋白表达水平、转录水平和单细胞荧光强度均显著下降(P<0.01)。敲低MA细胞中的Eftud2并给予脂多糖刺激后,实时荧光定量PCR结果显示,IL-6转录水平下降(P<0.05),IL-1β、TNF-α、GM-CSF、MyD88和CXCL-10转录水平也下降(P<0.01),抗炎因子IL-10转录水平升高(P<0.05)。蛋白免疫印迹结果显示,MyD88蛋白表达水平下降(P<0.05)。结论Eftud2可能通过MyD88介导的信号通路调控星形胶质细胞的炎症反应,其作用机制有待进一步研究。

Tumoricidal activation of murine resident peritoneal macrophages on pancreatic carcinoma by interleukin-2 and monoclonal antibodies

INTRODUCTIONMacrophages play an important role in tumor lysisand growth inhibition.They can be activated to atumoricidal state by a variety of agents such asIFNr,TNFα or IL2.The killing machanisms ofactivated macrophages have been extensivelyinvestigated.Recently,it has been proved thatantibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) isone of the potent arms to lyse tumor cells

Analysis of anti-zona pellucida antibody and tumor necrosis factor-α,γ-interferon and interleukin-2 in sera from patients with premature ovarian failure

Objective:To investigate the role and the clinical significance of anti-zona pellucidaantibody (AzpAb) and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),γ-interferon(IFN-γ) and inter-leukin-2 (IL-2) in sera from patients with premature ovarian failure (POF).Methods: The AzpAb in the serum of POF patient was analyzed by means ofELISA. The levels of TNF-α, IL-2 and IFN-γ in the serum were determined by meansof radioimmunoassay (RIA).Results:The level of serum AzpAb in the POF patients was significantly higher thanthat of the normal controls(P＜0.001). The levels of TNF-α and IL-2 were significantlyreduced (P＜0. 001), and the level of IFN-γ was significantly elevated (P＜0.01). Thelevels of above three cytokines in AzpAb positive group were significantly higher thanthose of the negative group in POF patients.Conclusion: This study suggested that AzpAb, TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-2 might playimportant roles in the pathogenesis of autoimmune POF.

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON INTERLEUKIN-6 ACTIVITY AGAINST TUMOR: REGULATION OF INTERLEUKIN-2- INDUCED LAK CELL ACTIVITY

The ability of human recombinant interleukin-6 (IL-6) to regulate the induction and cytotoxic function of lymphokine activated killer (LAK) cells from human fetal spleen was studied. The results showed that IL-6 alone was unably to Induce fetal splenic mononuclear cells (FSMC) to develop functional LAK cells, nor was it able to affect the number of IL-2-induced LAK cells and to alter the lytic activity of LAK cells against tumor cells in effector phase. However, when IL-6 was used in combination with IL-2 during the induction phase , the resulting LAK cells displayed considerably greater lytic, activity than that with IL-2 alone (P<0. 01), and this effect was IL-6 dose-dependent. The possible machanism of the synergistic effect of IL-2 and IL-6 in LAK cell Induction from human fetal spleen is discussed.

ANTITUMOR EFFECTS OF POLYETHYLENE GLYCOLMODIFIED RECOMBINANT HUMAN INTERLEUKIN-2 ON MOUSE UTERINE CERVICAL CARCINOMA IN VIVO

Polyethylene glycol (PEG-8000)-modified recombinant human interleukin-2 (PEG-rIL-2) is a cytokine with prolonged circulatory half-life. In this paper, the antitumor effects of PEG-afL-2 against mouse uterine cervical carcinoma (U14) transplanted intraperitoneally or subcutaneously is reported. PEG-rIL-2 at different doses was administered intraperitoneally. The results showed that PEG-rIL-2 (4500 IU, i.p., QD5) prolonged survival time of mice bearing ascites tumor as compared to rIL-2 (P<0.01), but PEG-rIL-2 at lower doses was without therapeutic effect. In addition, compared to rIL-2, PEG-rIL-2 at different doses (1500-13500 IU, s.c.,QD5) caused significant dose-dependent growth inhibition of solid tumor (P<0.01) when the treatment started at day 4 after subcutaneous inoculation of tumor.

ANTITUMOR MECHANISM OF GEM10 BY THE NATURAL KILLER ACTIVITY AND INTERLEUKIN-2 PRODUCTION

Objective To investigate th e anti-tumor effects of GeM10 by the natural killer(NK) cells activities and th e production of Interleukin-2 (IL-2) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PB MNCs). Methods Assay of human NK cells activities by dye reject ion assay in vitro and production of IL-2 in PBMNC by IL-2 bioassay with I L-2 dependent cell line CTLL2 and MTT colorometric method. Results GeM10 could significantly stimulate NK activities (60μg·mL -1 G eM10: 17.077±7.665, 120μg·mL -1 GeM10: 24.9±13.04; control: 7.72±4 .64, P< 0.05). GeM10 could up-regulate the production of IL-2 of PBMNCs in tumor patients(60μg·mL -1 GeM10: 2.965± 1.183; 120μg·mL -1 GeM10: 2.28±0.847; control: 1.792±0.823, P<0.05).Conclu si on The GeM10 not only can stimulate the NK activities but also increase the IL-2 production by PBMNCs in tumor patients. These findings indicate that the GeM10 may have promise as an anti-tumor drug and a biological response modi fier in clinic.

Mechanism of Yanghe Pingchaun granules on airway remodeling in asthmatic rats based on IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 signaling axis

Objective: To investigate the effects of Yanghe Pingchuan Granules on airway remodeling in asthmatic rats, and to explore the mechanism of Interleukin-6/Janus kinase 2/ Signal transducing activator of transcription 3(IL-6/JAK2/STAT3) signal axis. Methods: We separated 42 healthy male SD rats into two groups, a control group (7) and a model group (35).The model group was sensitized with a combination of ovalbumin (OVA) and aluminum hydroxide for 2 weeks, while the control group was given an equal amount of physiological saline.After 2 weeks, the modeling group was randomly divided into Model group, Yanghe Pingchuan Granules high, medium and low dose groups and Dexamethasone group, each group consisted of 7 animals. After 4 weeks, OVA atomization and gavage were used for stimulation and treatment. Yanghe Pingchuan Granules high, middle and low groups were given 15.48, 7.74, 3.87 g∙kg-1 Yanghe Pingchuan Granules daily, dexamethasone group was given 0.0625 mg∙kg-1 dexamethasone daily, and the other groups were given the same amount of normal saline. HE, PAS and Masson staining were used to observe the lung histopathological changes in rats. The levels of interleukin-6, IL-23 and IL-17A were detected by ELISA. The expression levels of JAK-2, P-JAK2, STAT3 and P-STAT3 in lung tissues were detected by Western blot. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the mRNA expression levels of IL-6, JAK2 and STAT3 in rat lung tissue. Results: The lung tissue structure of the model group was severely damaged compared to the control group, accompanied by a great many of inflammatory cell infiltration, goblet cell hyperplasia, subepithelial collagen fiber deposition and airway epithelial thickening were more obvious. The expressions of IL-6, IL- 23 and IL-17A in serum were significantly increased (P<0.01), the protein expression levels of JAK-2, P-JAK2, STAT3 and P-STAT3 and the mRNA expression levels of IL-6, JAK2 and STAT3 in lung tissue were significantly increased (P<0.01);Compared with the model group, inflammatory cell infiltration, goblet cell proliferation, subepithelial collagen fiber deposition and airway epithelial thickening were significantly reduced in each administration group, and the expressions of IL-6, IL-23 and IL-17A in serum were significantly decreased (P< 0.01). The protein expression levels of JAK-2, P-JAK2, STAT3 and P-STAT3 and mRNA expression levels of IL-6, JAK2 and STAT3 in lung tissue were significantly decreased (P<0.01). Conclusion: Yanghe Pingchuan Granules can significantly alleviate airway remodeling in asthmatic rats, and its mechanism may be through inhibiting the IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 signal axis.

THE ANTITUMOR ACTIVITY OF LYMPHOTOXIN AND THE EFFECT OF INTERLEUKIN-2 ON ITS FUNCTION

The effect of lymphotoxin (LT)-containing supernatant produced by lectin-stimulated human lymphocytes on tumor cells and the relation between interleukin-2 (IL-2) and LT were studied in this article. Results showed that LT-containing superna-tants had cytotoxicities on many different kinds of tumor cells from human and mice, that actinomycin D increased the LT activities on target cells and that IL-2 had the ability to increase the cytotoxicity of human PBMC on tumor cells, after being treated with LT, the target cells were more easy to kill by PBMC as well.

INHIBITORY EFFECT OF ELECTROACUPUNCTURE ON FEVER INDUCED BY LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE, INTERLEUKIN-1βAND PROSTAGLANDIN E_2 IN RATS

The effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on fever induced by either lipopolysaccharide (LPS), Interleukin-1β(IL-1β) or Prostaglandin E2(PGE2 ) was examined in SD rats in this study. EA stimulation (successive stimulation output; voltage intensity, 1 to 4 V; frequency, 1 Hz) was applied to bilateral equvalent Quchi (LI 11 ) acupoints for 30 min. Intraperitoneal injection of LPS (0111: B 4) at a single dose of 100 μg/kg caused high rectal temperature in rats, which was remarably sup pressed by EA either given simultaneously or 2 h after LPS injection. No difference in reduction of fever was found between two groups of rats treated by EA at different times. The rats that received adIninistration of hrIL-1β(2ng) or PGE2(3μg) into the prooptic area (POA) developed the acute and high fevers. The temperature in both cases was significantly decreased after EA stimulation. EA also partially inhibited the fever caused by intravenous injection of 0. 5μg/kg IL-1β. The they temperature increased within 1℃ in the rats that got intravenous injection of PGE2 (1. 5mg/kg), and EA did not present strong inhibitory effect on it. The present results demonstrate that EA possesses an antipyretic effect in rats and suggest that which may attribute to the suppression of the actions of IL-1β and/or PGE2 in the development of fever.

Cloning and Bioinformatics Analysis of Interleukin-2 of Sichuan White Goose

[Objective] The study aimed to clone interleukin-2(IL-2) gene from Sichuan white goose. [Method] Based on the IL-2 gene of duck accessed in GenBank, a pair of primers was designed for cloning IL-2 gene from total RNA of peripheral blood lymphocytes of Sichuan white goose stimulated by ConA via RT-PCR technology. The yielded fragment was sequenced for bioinformatics analysis. [Result] The full length of IL-2 gene of Sichuan white goose is 468 bp that contains a 441 bp open reading frame(ORF), encoding 146 amino acid residues. Bioinformatics analysis shows that the amino acid sequence of IL-2 gene of Sichuan white goose contains four phosphorylation sites, a glycosylation site and a signal peptide with 21 amino acid residues. Homologies of IL-2 nucleotide sequence and amino acid sequence between Sichuan white goose and duck, chicken, turkey are 92.7%, 77.5%, 78.2% and 85.8%, 65.5%, 64.1%, respectively. By contrast IL-2 nucleotide sequence and amino acid sequence between Sichuan white goose and mammalian and rodents such as human, monkey, rat, bovine, horse, pig, cat, mouse, rabbit and deer, are all less than 45% and 28%, respectively. [Conclusion] The IL-2 gene of Sichuan white goose has closer genetic relationship with those of chicken and duck.

TU2铜管泄漏原因分析

某公司在检漏工序中发现其生产的空调制冷用TU2铜管存在泄漏现象,泄漏比例约为20%,泄漏位置随机分布。采用断口分析、金相检验及氧含量测定等方法,对TU2铜管的泄漏原因进行了分析。结果表明:由于泄漏铜管中存在颗粒状沿晶分布的(α+Cu2O)共晶体,在高温长时间H2保护的焊接环境中产生氢脆,形成沿晶微裂纹,继而在试压过程的压力作用下发生泄漏。

Tu-2制剂对肉兔生产性能及肠道微生物菌群的影响

选用500只体质量相近的35日龄健康肉兔,随机分成试验组和对照组.对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组35～59日龄饲喂添加0.1％ Tu-2制剂的基础日粮,之后停止饲喂Tu-2制剂,以探究Tu-2制剂对肉兔生产性能及肠道微生物菌群的影响.结果显示：添加0.1％的Tu-2制剂后,肉兔平均日增体质量提高12.84％,料重比降低11.67％,腹泻率下降43.75％;第8～25天,试验组肉兔粪便中芽孢杆菌、双歧杆菌、乳酸菌数量分别提高34.51％,43.73％、30.89％,大肠杆菌数量降低30.56％;停喂Tu-2制剂后,试验组肉兔生产性能及粪便中菌群数量等指标又逐渐接近对照组.可见,Tu-2制剂可改善肉兔肠道生态环境,有效预防腹泻,提高饲料转化率.

TU2无氧铜与铪的真空钎焊

使用BAg72Cu钎料对TU2无氧铜与稀有金属铪(Hf)进行真空钎焊。借助金相显微镜、超景深显微镜、扫描电镜、能谱分析、室温剪切试验等手段,分析了钎焊工艺参数(钎焊温度和保温时间)对钎焊接头组织及性能的影响。结果表明:真空钎焊后获得的焊缝组织致密而连续,焊缝区均存在三个不同形貌的区域:铪侧的黑色区、中间花纹状Ag-Cu共晶区和铜侧的峰峦状或鹅卵石状铜基固溶体区。随着钎焊温度升高和保温时间的延长,焊缝中峰峦状或鹅卵石状组织越来越大,黑色区也越来越宽,而中间共晶区则减小。黑色带状区域中的Hf元素含量均大于4%,明显超过了相图中Hf在Ag、Cu中的饱和固溶度,说明该区域中不可能仅存在铜或银与铪的二元固溶体组织,有可能存在三元固溶体或含铪金属化合物。两种工艺参数均对接头的剪切破断应力影响不大。

0.2%Tu-2制剂对肉兔肠道消化酶活性及生长性能的作用

研究了0.2%Tu-2制剂对肉兔肠道消化酶活性及生长性能的影响,进一步探讨酶对肉兔的作用机理,为该制剂的生产和应用提供试验依据。选用体格健壮、体重基本相同的35日龄肉兔120只,随机平均分成对照组和试验组两组。对照组自始至终饲喂基础日粮,试验组35-59日龄在基础日粮中添加0.2%Tu-2制剂,然后停止添加Tu-2制剂。观察并记录肉兔粪便中4种消化酶活性变化规律和生长情况。结果表明,添加0.2%Tu-2制剂后,肉兔粪便中纤维素酶、蛋白酶、α-淀粉酶和脂肪酶的平均酶活力比对照组提高幅度分别为36.65%、31.81%、20.99%、23.08%。平均增重提高16.40%,料重比降低14.15%。但当停饲Tu-2制剂后,试验组中肉兔各项指标又逐渐接近对照组。由此可以说明,Tu-2制剂可以改善肉兔肠道内生态环境,提高肉兔肠道多种消化酶活性,增加饲料转化率,改善肉兔的生长性能。

Serum Levels of Interleukin-2 and -10 in Patients with Early Syphilis

Objective: To investigate the roles of interleukin-2(IL-2) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) in pathogenesis ofearly syphilis. Methods: The serum levels of IL-2 and IL-10 in 48patients with early syphilis were detected by ABC-ELISA. Results: (1) The level of IL-2 in the patients withearly syphilis was significantly higher than that inhealthy controls, while that of IL-10 was lower(P<0.001 and P<0.001). (2) The levels of IL-2 and IL-10 were almost identical in patients with primary andsecondary syphilis (P>0.05), as well as between dif-ferent RPR titers (P>0.05). (3) After therapy, the levelof IL-2 decreased markedly (P<0.05), while that of IL-10 increase (p>0.05). (4) A significant correlation wasfound between the serum levels of IL-2 and IL-10 (r=0.5385 P<0.05). Conclusions: Th1 up-regulation occurs in patientswith early syphilis, and plays an active role in fightingagainst TP infection.

肿瘤标记物Tu M2-PK与肿瘤关系的研究进展

肿瘤标志物Tumour M2-PK(M2型丙酮酸激酶)是近年来研究较多的一种新型肿瘤标志物,其血清表达水平对肺癌、胃肠道肿瘤、乳腺癌等肿瘤的诊断、疗效评价、治疗监测及判断预后等非常有价值,现对这一领域的研究进展做一综述。