Balanced Development of Internal and External Trade

The CMC International and Domestic Trade Division under the China National Machinery Import & Export Corporation has, in accordance with the CMC’s strategic goals, worked out the following business guidelines: internal trade is the basis of external trade, and external trade is a supplementary to internal trade; domestic and overseas markets and resources should be used effectively, and internal trade and external trade should be coordinated and handled in a unified way. The Division’s business concept is to conduct trade-dominated business backed by

Status quo and Countermeasures of Tea Export Trade of China

The research analyzed status quo of Chinese tea export, including export scale, exporting countries and regions, product structure, explored factors affecting tea export, and detailed international trade development of Chinese teas. On basis of global politics and economic situations, the research proposed new thoughts and of global trades of Chinese teas with application of the Belt and Road Initiative strategy.

A View on the Differences Between Chinese and Western Cultures in International Trade

With the development of the economic globalization, international trades are gradually increasing. Therefore, the analysisof the differences between Chinese and western cultures seems so significant. In order to make the international trade negotiationssmoothly, negotiators should understand the differences between two cultures and avoid unwanted failure in the international trade.This article tends to explore the differences between Chinese and western cultures so as to let the international trades run smoothly.

Energy Embodied in Goods in International Trade of China: Calculation and Policy Implications

In recent years, China's energy demand and Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions have grown very fast, quite an amount of which was exported as energy embodied in goods in international trade rather than consumed domestically. Starting from the concept of embodied energy, based on input-output energy analysis approach, in this paper the energy embodied in goods in international trade of China during the period from 2001 to 2006 is calculated. The results show that although China has become a net importer of petroleum since 1993, China is a net exporter of embodied energy due to international trade in goods. In 2002, the total amount of energy embodied in exported goods was about 410 million tce (ton of coal equivalent, hereinafter referred to as "tce"). Eliminating the amount of energy embodied in imported goods of about 170 million tce, the net export of embodied energy was about 240 million tce, accounting for 16% of the aggregate primary energy consumption of that very year in China, and the net export of embodied emissions was about 150 million tons of carbon. With the rapid growth of China's international trade, assuming no structural input-output changes of among sectors, in 2006 the net export of embodied energy went up to about 630 million tce, an increase of 162 % over 2002. In addition, this paper also analyzes the possible sources of error in calculation, and also discusses the policy implications according to the result of the calculation.

Thinking on Promoting International Trade Competitive Advantage of Agricultural Products in Guangxi Based on CAFTA Framework

This paper analyzes the status quo and the existing problems of international trade development of agricultural products in Guangxi based on CAFTA framework as follows: the international trade of agricultural products in Guangxi shows a trend of rapid growth, but the structure of export products is simple; the distribution of export market is irrational; the export goods are mainly the resources-intensive goods and labor-intensive goods, with low added value of goods; the brand of agricultural products lacks strong overall international competitiveness. In the context of CAFTA framework, in order to foster the international trade competitive advantage of agricultural products in Guangxi, corresponding suggestions are put forward as follows: the structure of export market should change from the current simple status to diversified trend; the structure of export goods should gradually change from the current factor endowment to the orientation of international market demand; the agricultural production should change from the traditional agricultural products to advantageous complementary characteristic agricultural products; the trade structure should change from the land-intensive agricultural products to labor-intensive and technology-intensive agricultural products; the structure of merchandise trade should change from low-price vicious competition to high added-value competition; the governmental function should change from traditional one-way-direction-oriented function to modern integrated-service-and-supervision-oriented function that meets the requirements of export.

Carbon Emissions Embodied in China’s International Trade of Textiles and Clothing

International trade of textiles and clothing has numerous environmental implications, such as carbon leakage. In order to estimate the CO2 emissions embodied in China's imports and exports of textiles and clothing, an empirical analysis was carried out with environmental input-output analysis (EIOA) method using the most recent data available. The results indicate that China is a net exporter of embodied CO2 emissions on account of its international trade of textiles and clothing. The amount of the net exported embodied CO2 emissions increases from 110 million metric tons(Mt) of CO2 in 2002 to 280 Mt of CO2 in 2011. In particular, United States, Japan, and European Union transfer to China 339 Mt of CO2, 291 Mt of CO2 and 396 Mt of CO2 respectively during the period of 2002 -2011.

The Legacy of Conventional Textbook Trade Theory in the Light of Globalization

The term “globalization” designates the rapidly advancing international economic integration through substantial growth in trade of goods and services as well as surging cross-border factor mobility from the early 1990s onwards. This acceleration in the liberalization of world trade and capital movements is largely attributable to technological progress which significantly curtailed the expenses for transport as well as communication. In conjunction with the progressing opening of major newly industrializing economies endowed with abundant and cheap labor forces, it has reinforced a geographical fragmentation of production processes according to cost considerations. This phenomenon termed as “vertical specialization”, “outsourcing” or also “slicing the value chain” in turn has translated into a hike in FDI and international trade of intermediate products. The main objective of this paper is to identify adequate trade models for assessing the corresponding effects of those developments. In this context, textbook trade theories spanning from comparative advantage à la Ricardo to the new-new trade theory are examined. Subsequently, we expand on globalization-induced new forms of trade （intra-firm trade, trade within the value chain） and finally conclude with our findings to properly account for those trends.

Go West——The Western China International Trade Fair for Textiles and Clothing will launch from 16^(th) to 19^(th) October, 2009.

Sichuan, one of the most prosperous provinces in Western China, possesses an enormous potential of textile industry development. Currently, the western region is becoming a big mart and new manufacturing base in China textile industry for the reason of the abundant material resources,

Accounting and Responsibility Allocation on Carbon Emissions Embodied in International Trade

This paper calculated the scale of carbon emissions embodied in the import and export of the world＇s major countries based on input-output principles and international trade data, as well as data on various countries＇carbon emissions in 2005 from domestic consumption and emissions embodied in trade. The results illustrate that, because of international trade, consumers in developed countries should bear the responsibility for a large portion of CO2 emissions. The researchers separated the net transfer balance of embodied emissions in international trade according to four different effects： size effect, exchange rate effect, structural effect, and pure technical effect, all of which favor the sharing of responsibilities between producers and consumers.

On China's Foreign Trade Development and Linkage with the Customary Rules of International Trade

Although great differences exist between the trade systems of different countries,internationaltrade must go on in line with the customary international trade rules.As China’s economy developsand the socialist market economic system emerges,China is basically qualified to link up withcustomary international trade rules.In the Ninth Five-Year Plan period,China’s reform of its foreigntrade system aims at setting up a trade system that conforms with international trade practice.Forthe purpose,the author of this article suggests that a neutral trade policy should be adopted inaccordance with the international practice since it does not hinder exports,nor restrict imports toan excessive degree.

On the Eve of the Enforcement of the Arbitration Law——An interview with Xu Dayou, vice-chairman of China Council for the Promotion of International Trade and of the China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission

The Arbitration Law of the People’s Republic of China will go into effect on September 1, 1995, which has become the focus of world attention. This is an important law promulgated by China for handling economic disputes. All the parties concerned are making intense preparations for the successful enforcement of the Law. As the first nongovernmental organisation engaged in arbitration affairs, the China Council

International Trade Needs Standardization in China

This article introduces the concepts of international trade procedures simplification and standardization, and illustrates implememt procedures and methods, furthermore, it puts forward proposals for training of international trade procedures simplification and standardization.

China’s policies on Polar Silk Road and impacts on trade and energy use in Arctic region

China has recently established a new policy for the energy use of the Arctic region.Even though it is not a part of the Arctic Council,China has started a series of partnerships with public and private entities of countries that are geographically and politically members of the Arctic polar Circle.The project has to be carried out within the“Belt and Road Initiative”,by establishing new trade routes between China and the rest of the world.The study aims at assessing the fuel consumption for the Arctic shipping routes and comparing them to the traditional ones,in terms of cost reduction and time efficiency.Moreover,a brief consideration on oil&gas arctic fields has been carried out,in order to understand how the energy policy of China is changing the resource utilization.

The Issue of Precision Agriculture in International Trade： An Analysis in Terms of Subsidies

At the present time, world agriculture is influenced by a set of new technologies grouped under the generic name of precision agriculture （PA）. Based on a study of the cotton sector, this article examines the effects of adopting PA with regard to international trade. We examine whether PA can contribute to the further destabilization of the terms of trade between countries in Central and West Africa （CWA） and Northern countries. We show that PA can be used by Northern countries at the expense of CWA, since it is used to implement strategic commercial policies based on subsidies. These policies are made more credible by the fact that international authorities cannot easily condemn them.

Effects of Diseases and Pests on Quality, Industry and International Trade of Tea

Starting from the effects of diseases and pests on tea quality,tea industry and export trade,the status quo and control of tea diseases and pests,assurance and traceability of tea quality safety,tea industry and export trade development are analyzed in detail,and green prevention and control measures against tea diseases and pests are put forward combined with the status quo of tea in China.

Presenting Knowledge System of International Trade Terms in Business English Learners＇ Dictionaries

Dictionaries should present business encyclopedic knowledge as well as business linguistic knowledge. This paper, taking Incoterms for international trade as an example （with ＂CIF＂ as the case for analysis）, introduces 7 types of dictionary structures （overall structure, frame stzucture/megastrncture, macrostructure, microstzucture, distribution structure, cross-reference stzucture/mediostrncture and access structure）, summarizes the knowledge system of international trade terms （consisting of ＂international trade＂, ＂sets of rules of international trade terms＂, ＂Incoterms 2010＂, and ＂CIF＂）, and illustrates the methods of systematically presenting the knowledge system of international trade terms through dictionary structures in an English-English-Chinese bilingualized business English learners＇ dictionary with Oxford Business English Dictionary for Learners of English （New Edition） as a reference. Such presentation is intended for enhancing business English learners as dictionary users to grasp the knowledge of international trade terms as a whole.

The Impact of Syrian Crises on the Jordanian External Trade

Jordan＇s economy is influenced significantly by events taking place in the region, and many successive events in the region occurred during the past two decades, resulted in successive waves of migrations in large numbers to Jordan. The Syrian crisis impact goes beyond the waves of refugees but extended to influence the trade routes to and from Jordan through Syrian route and ports. This research aims to analyze the impact of the Syrian crisis on the Jordanian trade through the use of regression analysis and the use of dummy variable to reflect the Syrian crisis, analyzed the monthly data for the period 2005-2015. In addition, it has used other statistical methods such as records, and has been the Syrian crisis impact analysis on the volume of trade, imports, total export, re-exported, and the national exports. In spite of the lack of trade stop with Syria completely, study showed that there is a significant decline in the trade exchange between Jordan and Syria, but the Syrian crisis may affect the Jordanian imports, the trade volume, trade balance while the study did not show any trace of the Syrian crisis on the national exports. Finally, the study recommends that there are needs for analytical studies and the use of econometric models to demonstrate the impact of the Syrian crisis measures on all sectors and on the sets of Jordanian goods imported and exported.

With Advantages,Development and Innovation Promote International Trade in All-round Way

In 2004, under the leadership of China Council for the Promotion of International Trade (CCPIT), CPC Shanghai Committee and Shanghai Municipal government, CCPIT Shanghai Sub-Council established scientific viewpoint of development, centered by export-oriented economy, strengthened active serving and innovation, raised service level which made great contributions to Shanghai's opening-up and economic development as well as drove the whole development of society.……

Carbon Emissions in International Trade： Calculating Size and Causes

Due to ongoing growth in carbon emission, many governments＇ have taken measures to curb it. Thus, it is of great importance to measure carbon emissions in international trade and probe into the causes behind them. This paper first applies inputoutput model then it estimates the carbon emissions embodied in China＇s international trade in 2002, 2005 and 2007. Using structural decomposition analysis, this paper measures carbon emissions in international trade by their scale effect, composition effect and intensity effect. Our results illustrate： （1） a rapidly-rising net export of carbon emissions for China, and （2） scale effect and composition effect stimulates carbon emissions embodied in exports, while intensity effect discourages it.

Shanghai Richcom International Trade Co., Ltd.

The Richcom building site is the largest in the Putong Waigaoqiao Bond Area. It was designed by US architects and has a floor space of 60,000 sq.m and is 100 m. in height. It should be completed in 1996. The building will be multifunctional including commerce,