Precise tuning of gene expression,accomplished by regulato ry networks of transcription factors,epigenetic modifiers,and microRNAs,is crucial for the proper neural development and function of the brain cells.The SOX t...Precise tuning of gene expression,accomplished by regulato ry networks of transcription factors,epigenetic modifiers,and microRNAs,is crucial for the proper neural development and function of the brain cells.The SOX transcription factors are involved in regulating diverse cellular processes during embryonic and adult neurogenesis,such as maintaining the cell stemness,cell prolife ration,cell fate decisions,and terminal diffe rentiation into neurons and glial cells.MicroRNAs represent a class of small non-coding RNAs that play important roles in the regulation of gene expression.Together with other gene regulatory factors,microRNAs regulate different processes during neurogenesis and orchestrate the spatial and temporal expression important for neurodevelopment.The emerging data point to a complex regulatory network between SOX transcription factors and microRNAs that govern distinct cellular activities in the developing and adult brain.Deregulated SOX/mic roRNA interplay in signaling pathways that influence the homeostasis and plasticity in the brain has been revealed in various brain pathologies,including neurodegenerative disorders,traumatic brain injury,and cancer.Therapeutic strategies that target SOX/microRNA interplay have emerged in recent years as a promising tool to target neural tissue regeneration and enhance neuro restoration.N umerous studies have confirmed complex intera ctions between microRNAs and SOX-specific mRNAs regulating key features of glioblastoma.Keeping in mind the crucial roles of SOX genes and microRNAs in neural development,we focus this review on SOX/microRNAs interplay in the brain during development and adulthood in physiological and pathological conditions.Special focus was made on their interplay in brain pathologies to summarize current knowledge and highlight potential future development of molecular therapies.展开更多
In this paper we study the extraordinary optical transmission of one-dimensional multi-slits in an ideal metal film.The transmissivity is calculated as a function of various structural parameters.The transmissivity os...In this paper we study the extraordinary optical transmission of one-dimensional multi-slits in an ideal metal film.The transmissivity is calculated as a function of various structural parameters.The transmissivity oscillates,with the period being just the light wavelength,as a function of the spacing between slits.As the number of slits increases,the transmissivity varies in one of three ways.It can increase,attenuate,or remain basically unchanged,depending on the spacing between slits.Each way is in an oscillatory manner.The slit interaction responsible for the oscillating transmission strength that depends on slit spacing is the subject of more detailed investigation.The interaction most intuitively manifests as a current distribution in the metal surface between slits.We find that this current is attenuated in an oscillating fashion from the slit corners to the center of the region between two adjacent slits,and we present a mathematical expression for its waveform.展开更多
Epigenetic therapies that cause genome-wide epigenetic alterations,could trigger local interplay between different histone marks,leading to a switch of transcriptional outcome and therapeutic responses of epigenetic t...Epigenetic therapies that cause genome-wide epigenetic alterations,could trigger local interplay between different histone marks,leading to a switch of transcriptional outcome and therapeutic responses of epigenetic treatment.However,in human cancers with diverse oncogenic activation,how oncogenic pathways cooperate with epigenetic modifiers to regulate the histone mark interplay is poorly understood.We herein discover that the hedgehog(Hh)pathway reprograms the histone methylation landscape in breast cancer,especially in triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC).This facilitates the histone acetylation caused by histone deacetylase(HDAC)inhibitors and gives rise to new therapeutic vulnerability of combination therapies.Specifically,overexpression of zinc finger protein of the cerebellum 1(ZIC1)in breast cancer promotes Hh activation,facilitating the switch of H3K27 methylation(H3K27me)to acetylation(H3K27ac).The mutually exclusive relationship of H3K27me and H3K27ac allows their functional interplay at oncogenic gene locus and switches therapeutic outcomes.Using multiple in vivo breast cancer models including patient-derived TNBC xenograft,we show that Hh signaling-orchestrated H3K27me and H3K27ac interplay tailors combination epigenetic drugs in treating breast cancer.Together,this study reveals the new role of Hh signaling-regulated histone modifications interplay in responding to HDAC inhibitors and suggests new epigenetically-targeted therapeutic solutions for treating TNBC.展开更多
Chemical reactions in homogenous systems are generally associated with positive-order kinetics;that is,the reaction rate increases with the increased concentration of reactants.In this work,we report a coordination re...Chemical reactions in homogenous systems are generally associated with positive-order kinetics;that is,the reaction rate increases with the increased concentration of reactants.In this work,we report a coordination reaction of Cu^(2+)ions,cyanuric acid(CA),and pyridine in aqueous solution which shows negative-order kinetics with respect to the concentration of pyridine.As the pyridine concentration increases,the complexation of CA with pyridine overwhelms its dissociation in water,resulting in the redistribution of CA;that is,CA is sealed in the pyridine phase by forming an unreactive hydrogenbonded complex.As a result,the number of accessible anionic CA for crystallization in water decreases,and thus the crystallization slows down and almost terminates.Further,the crystallization yields two types of crystals with similar structures but disparate colors(red and blue),and the origin is investigated by the ligand field analysis.展开更多
The concept of Arga and Bilig serves as a foundational principle in both ancient Mongolian philosophy and traditional Mongolian medicine (TMM). Arga, symbolized by brightness and associated with qualities of fire and ...The concept of Arga and Bilig serves as a foundational principle in both ancient Mongolian philosophy and traditional Mongolian medicine (TMM). Arga, symbolized by brightness and associated with qualities of fire and activity, complements Bilig, symbolized by darkness and representing attributes of water and stillness. Together, these opposing forces permeate all aspects of existence, from the genesis of parenthood to the interplay of day and night. Understanding Arga-Bilig is crucial for diagnosing and treating diseases, as it illuminates the source of imbalance within the body. This review provides an overview of the significance of Arga-Bilig in Mongolian philosophy and its application in TMM, emphasizing the dynamic interplay of these opposing forces and their role in maintaining balance and harmony within the body.展开更多
Abstract Creep age forming (CAF) is an advanced forming technology used for manufacturing large complex integrated panel components. However, in creep aging (CA), unlike in sole creep or aging procedure, the dislocati...Abstract Creep age forming (CAF) is an advanced forming technology used for manufacturing large complex integrated panel components. However, in creep aging (CA), unlike in sole creep or aging procedure, the dislocation movement and the precipitation process occur simultaneously, leading to difficulty in understanding of the dynamic interplay between these two phenomena. In this work, taking 7050 Al alloy, a typical Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy, as the test material, an experimental scheme combining pre-deformation, artificial aging (AA), and tensile/ compressive CA is designed to decouple and reveal the dynamic interaction mechanism of both phenomena. From AA experiments, the static interaction between dislocations and precipitates is studied, and then their dynamic interactions in CA and each evolution are comparatively investigated. The research shows that both total strain and strain rate increase with the increase in pre-deformation in tensile and compressive CA. However, the total creep strain in compressive CA is larger than that in tensile CA. In additional, the more the dislocations are induced, the sparser and more heterogeneous the overall distribution of precipitates becomes. For dynamic interplay, in the first stage of CA (I), under thermal-mechanical loading, the GP zones and η phases gradually nucleate and grow, while the effect of dislocation multiplication is dominant compared with dislocation annihilation, leading to an increase in total dislocation density. Soon, the dislocation movement is gradually hindered by tangling, pile-up, and the precipitates that have grown on the dislocation lines, this decreases the mobile dislocation density and results in a significant decrease in creep rate. In the second stage (II), the precipitates grow further, especially those lying on the dislocation lines;the effects of pinning and hindrance are enhanced until the dislocation multiplication and annihilation reach a dynamic equilibrium, and the total and mobile dislocation densities tend to be roughly unchanged, thus, the creep rate remains relatively constant in this stage.展开更多
Dear Editor,Hepatitis C virus(HCV)is a major cause of chronic liver diseases and hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)with about71 million people globally infected.HCV encodes only10 viral proteins and its replication relies ...Dear Editor,Hepatitis C virus(HCV)is a major cause of chronic liver diseases and hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)with about71 million people globally infected.HCV encodes only10 viral proteins and its replication relies on host proteins.Many host factors including ADP-ribosylation展开更多
Integration of internal and external cues into developmental programs is indispensable for growth and development of plants, which involve complex interplays among signaling pathways activated by the internal and exte...Integration of internal and external cues into developmental programs is indispensable for growth and development of plants, which involve complex interplays among signaling pathways activated by the internal and external factors (IEFs). However, decoding these complex interplays is still challenging. Here, we present a web-based platform that identifies key regulators and Network models delineating Interplays among Developmental signaling (iNID) in Arabidopsis. iNID provides a comprehensive resource of (1) transcriptomes previously collected under the conditions treated with a broad spectrum of IEFs and (2) protein and genetic interactome data in Arabidopsis. In addition, iNID provides an array of tools for identifying key regulators and network models related to interplays among IEFs using transcriptome and interactome data. To demonstrate the utility of iNID, we investigated the interplays of (1) phytohormones and light and (2) phytohormones and biotic stresses. The results revealed 34 potential regulators of the interplays, some of which have not been reported in association with the interplays, and also network models that delineate the involvement of the 34 regulators in the interplays, providing novel insights into the interplays collectively defined by phytohormones, light, and biotic stresses. We then experimentally verified that BME3 and TEM1, among the selected regulators, are involved in the auxin-brassinosteroid (BR)-blue light interplay. Therefore, iNID serves as a useful tool to provide a basis for understanding interplays among IEFs.展开更多
Neurotransmitter release from presynaptic cells can be recorded by postsynaptic potentials/currents in central nerve system. However, little is known about how to
This paper explores the advantages of research inrelation to ELT practice in China and in comparisonwith the other two sources of human knowledge,i.e.experience and reasoning.It then elaborates the fourkinds of study:...This paper explores the advantages of research inrelation to ELT practice in China and in comparisonwith the other two sources of human knowledge,i.e.experience and reasoning.It then elaborates the fourkinds of study:receptive study,productive study,critical study and creative study and proposes a prac-tice of ever-advancing integration of different types ofstudy.It finally discusses possible relationships be-tween study and research and suggests research-basedstudy and study-oriented research as two potential ap-proaches to mutual stimulation between study and re-search in ELT practice in China.展开更多
Upper Triassic sedimentary systems of both the Arabian Plate and the Germanic Basin reveal climate- and plate tectonic-forced effects through certain time-intervals experienced by architectural elements, lithofacies t...Upper Triassic sedimentary systems of both the Arabian Plate and the Germanic Basin reveal climate- and plate tectonic-forced effects through certain time-intervals experienced by architectural elements, lithofacies types, unconformities, flash flood deposits, maximum flooding surfaces/sequence boundary (MFS/SB), mineralogy, and isotope anomalies. Further, Moon recession and changes of Earth’s rotation velocity (core/mantle boundary) are associated with multiple impacting and large igneous provinces/Mid Oceanic Ridge Basalt, LIP/MORB-rifting/degassing. While acidification (by degassing, sturz-rain) does influence tectosilicates and carbonates, montmorillonite represents a key mineral as transformation of volcanic/impact glass (Tephra) to be found as co-components in and in certain pelite units as “boundary clay-suspicions” (mixture of eolian paleoloess, pelite, paleosol, and tephra → tuffite). Obviously, unconformities and sequence boundaries of both study areas separate and dislocate interrupted ∂<sup>13</sup>C and <sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr-data groups along the isotope curves. Both Proto-Arctic Ocean rifting/degassing comprising kimberlitic pyroclastic eruptions and Neotethys rifting/degassing as well as multiple impacting played the most important role during the Norian, followed by the incipient Central Atlantic Magmatic Provinces rifting since the Rhaetian. The following associations are encountered and dealt with in this study: Sequence boundaries-∂<sup>13</sup>C, maximum flooding surfaces-(FUCs)-∂<sup>13</sup>C, unconformities-plate motion, tephra-pelite-tuffite-montmorillonite. Norian: maximum flooding surfaces (MFSs)-“paleosol”/boundary clay?-rifting-volcanism, Moon/Earth data change. So the Norian (~221 - 206 Ma) hosts anomalous “amalgamated maximum flooding surfaces (MFSs)”, amalgamated paleosol (Jordanian Platform), multiple impacting (~219 - 214 Ma), the maximum opening of the Proto-Arctic Ocean (PAO) (~230 - 200 Ma), Neo-Tethys (NT)-subvolcanic (sills, dikes) in the NE Dead Sea area prior the Rhaetian, and a significant change of Earth/Moon relation data. The study concludes that rare and extreme events are very strongly shaping the geologic constellations in the Earth System.展开更多
Global environmental cooperation serves as an important part in the Chinese ideal of building a Community with a Shared Future for all Human Beings. The report of 19 th CPC National Congress indicates that China is co...Global environmental cooperation serves as an important part in the Chinese ideal of building a Community with a Shared Future for all Human Beings. The report of 19 th CPC National Congress indicates that China is committed to proactive mitigation under the Paris Agreement and further participating in global environmental governance under the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, and both of which are largely integrated to the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI). BRI are also closely linked with South-South environmental and climate cooperation proposed by China from previous UN summits. Based on shared ideas, intersected agendas, and compatible governance approaches, BRI and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development grow increasingly relevant and they might form synergies based on increasingly interactive relations. In sum,seeking and intensifying the linkages between BRI and 2030 sustainable development goals(SDGs) could address global environmental governance deficits and enhance cooperation among nations.展开更多
Normal cells mainly rely on oxidative phosphorylation as an effective energy source in the presence of oxygen.In contrast,most cancer cells use less efficient glycolysis to produce ATP and essential biomolecules.Cance...Normal cells mainly rely on oxidative phosphorylation as an effective energy source in the presence of oxygen.In contrast,most cancer cells use less efficient glycolysis to produce ATP and essential biomolecules.Cancer cells gain the characteristics of metabolic adaptation by reprogramming their metabolic mechanisms to meet the needs of rapid tumor growth.A subset of cancer cells with stem characteristics and the ability to regenerate exist throughout the tumor and are therefore called cancer stem cells(CSCs).New evidence indicates that CSCs have different metabolic phenotypes compared with differentiated cancer cells.CSCs can dynamically transform their metabolic state to favor glycolysis or oxidative metabolism.The mechanism of the metabolic plasticity of CSCs has not been fully elucidated,and existing evidence indicates that the metabolic phenotype of cancer cells is closely related to the tumor microenvironment.Targeting CSC metabolism may provide new and effective methods for the treatment of tumors.In this review,we summarize the metabolic characteristics of cancer cells and CSCs and the mechanisms of the metabolic interplay between the tumor microenvironment and CSCs,and discuss the clinical implications of targeting CSC metabolism.展开更多
基金the Ministry of Education,Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia(Agreement number 451-03-9/2021-14/200042,to MiS,DSN,MM,DD and MaS)the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts(Grant number F24,to MiS(PI),MM,DD and MaS)。
文摘Precise tuning of gene expression,accomplished by regulato ry networks of transcription factors,epigenetic modifiers,and microRNAs,is crucial for the proper neural development and function of the brain cells.The SOX transcription factors are involved in regulating diverse cellular processes during embryonic and adult neurogenesis,such as maintaining the cell stemness,cell prolife ration,cell fate decisions,and terminal diffe rentiation into neurons and glial cells.MicroRNAs represent a class of small non-coding RNAs that play important roles in the regulation of gene expression.Together with other gene regulatory factors,microRNAs regulate different processes during neurogenesis and orchestrate the spatial and temporal expression important for neurodevelopment.The emerging data point to a complex regulatory network between SOX transcription factors and microRNAs that govern distinct cellular activities in the developing and adult brain.Deregulated SOX/mic roRNA interplay in signaling pathways that influence the homeostasis and plasticity in the brain has been revealed in various brain pathologies,including neurodegenerative disorders,traumatic brain injury,and cancer.Therapeutic strategies that target SOX/microRNA interplay have emerged in recent years as a promising tool to target neural tissue regeneration and enhance neuro restoration.N umerous studies have confirmed complex intera ctions between microRNAs and SOX-specific mRNAs regulating key features of glioblastoma.Keeping in mind the crucial roles of SOX genes and microRNAs in neural development,we focus this review on SOX/microRNAs interplay in the brain during development and adulthood in physiological and pathological conditions.Special focus was made on their interplay in brain pathologies to summarize current knowledge and highlight potential future development of molecular therapies.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11074145,10874124,and 61275028)
文摘In this paper we study the extraordinary optical transmission of one-dimensional multi-slits in an ideal metal film.The transmissivity is calculated as a function of various structural parameters.The transmissivity oscillates,with the period being just the light wavelength,as a function of the spacing between slits.As the number of slits increases,the transmissivity varies in one of three ways.It can increase,attenuate,or remain basically unchanged,depending on the spacing between slits.Each way is in an oscillatory manner.The slit interaction responsible for the oscillating transmission strength that depends on slit spacing is the subject of more detailed investigation.The interaction most intuitively manifests as a current distribution in the metal surface between slits.We find that this current is attenuated in an oscillating fashion from the slit corners to the center of the region between two adjacent slits,and we present a mathematical expression for its waveform.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82225046,81821005,and 81903640)the Program of Shanghai Academic Research Leader(20XD1424800,China)。
文摘Epigenetic therapies that cause genome-wide epigenetic alterations,could trigger local interplay between different histone marks,leading to a switch of transcriptional outcome and therapeutic responses of epigenetic treatment.However,in human cancers with diverse oncogenic activation,how oncogenic pathways cooperate with epigenetic modifiers to regulate the histone mark interplay is poorly understood.We herein discover that the hedgehog(Hh)pathway reprograms the histone methylation landscape in breast cancer,especially in triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC).This facilitates the histone acetylation caused by histone deacetylase(HDAC)inhibitors and gives rise to new therapeutic vulnerability of combination therapies.Specifically,overexpression of zinc finger protein of the cerebellum 1(ZIC1)in breast cancer promotes Hh activation,facilitating the switch of H3K27 methylation(H3K27me)to acetylation(H3K27ac).The mutually exclusive relationship of H3K27me and H3K27ac allows their functional interplay at oncogenic gene locus and switches therapeutic outcomes.Using multiple in vivo breast cancer models including patient-derived TNBC xenograft,we show that Hh signaling-orchestrated H3K27me and H3K27ac interplay tailors combination epigenetic drugs in treating breast cancer.Together,this study reveals the new role of Hh signaling-regulated histone modifications interplay in responding to HDAC inhibitors and suggests new epigenetically-targeted therapeutic solutions for treating TNBC.
基金the financial support by the Australian Research Council(grant no.DP190101607).
文摘Chemical reactions in homogenous systems are generally associated with positive-order kinetics;that is,the reaction rate increases with the increased concentration of reactants.In this work,we report a coordination reaction of Cu^(2+)ions,cyanuric acid(CA),and pyridine in aqueous solution which shows negative-order kinetics with respect to the concentration of pyridine.As the pyridine concentration increases,the complexation of CA with pyridine overwhelms its dissociation in water,resulting in the redistribution of CA;that is,CA is sealed in the pyridine phase by forming an unreactive hydrogenbonded complex.As a result,the number of accessible anionic CA for crystallization in water decreases,and thus the crystallization slows down and almost terminates.Further,the crystallization yields two types of crystals with similar structures but disparate colors(red and blue),and the origin is investigated by the ligand field analysis.
基金Science and Technology Young Talents Development Project of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(NJYT22048)Inner Mongolia Natural Science Foundation(2023LHMS08002)NMPA Key Laboratory Open Fund Project(MDK2023025).
文摘The concept of Arga and Bilig serves as a foundational principle in both ancient Mongolian philosophy and traditional Mongolian medicine (TMM). Arga, symbolized by brightness and associated with qualities of fire and activity, complements Bilig, symbolized by darkness and representing attributes of water and stillness. Together, these opposing forces permeate all aspects of existence, from the genesis of parenthood to the interplay of day and night. Understanding Arga-Bilig is crucial for diagnosing and treating diseases, as it illuminates the source of imbalance within the body. This review provides an overview of the significance of Arga-Bilig in Mongolian philosophy and its application in TMM, emphasizing the dynamic interplay of these opposing forces and their role in maintaining balance and harmony within the body.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China for Key Program (Grant No. 51235010)the National Science Fund for Excellent Young Scholars (Grant No. 51522509)the Marie Curie International Research Staff Exchange Scheme (IRSES, MatProFuture, Grant No. 318968) within the EC 7th Framework Programme (FP7).
文摘Abstract Creep age forming (CAF) is an advanced forming technology used for manufacturing large complex integrated panel components. However, in creep aging (CA), unlike in sole creep or aging procedure, the dislocation movement and the precipitation process occur simultaneously, leading to difficulty in understanding of the dynamic interplay between these two phenomena. In this work, taking 7050 Al alloy, a typical Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy, as the test material, an experimental scheme combining pre-deformation, artificial aging (AA), and tensile/ compressive CA is designed to decouple and reveal the dynamic interaction mechanism of both phenomena. From AA experiments, the static interaction between dislocations and precipitates is studied, and then their dynamic interactions in CA and each evolution are comparatively investigated. The research shows that both total strain and strain rate increase with the increase in pre-deformation in tensile and compressive CA. However, the total creep strain in compressive CA is larger than that in tensile CA. In additional, the more the dislocations are induced, the sparser and more heterogeneous the overall distribution of precipitates becomes. For dynamic interplay, in the first stage of CA (I), under thermal-mechanical loading, the GP zones and η phases gradually nucleate and grow, while the effect of dislocation multiplication is dominant compared with dislocation annihilation, leading to an increase in total dislocation density. Soon, the dislocation movement is gradually hindered by tangling, pile-up, and the precipitates that have grown on the dislocation lines, this decreases the mobile dislocation density and results in a significant decrease in creep rate. In the second stage (II), the precipitates grow further, especially those lying on the dislocation lines;the effects of pinning and hindrance are enhanced until the dislocation multiplication and annihilation reach a dynamic equilibrium, and the total and mobile dislocation densities tend to be roughly unchanged, thus, the creep rate remains relatively constant in this stage.
文摘Dear Editor,Hepatitis C virus(HCV)is a major cause of chronic liver diseases and hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)with about71 million people globally infected.HCV encodes only10 viral proteins and its replication relies on host proteins.Many host factors including ADP-ribosylation
文摘Integration of internal and external cues into developmental programs is indispensable for growth and development of plants, which involve complex interplays among signaling pathways activated by the internal and external factors (IEFs). However, decoding these complex interplays is still challenging. Here, we present a web-based platform that identifies key regulators and Network models delineating Interplays among Developmental signaling (iNID) in Arabidopsis. iNID provides a comprehensive resource of (1) transcriptomes previously collected under the conditions treated with a broad spectrum of IEFs and (2) protein and genetic interactome data in Arabidopsis. In addition, iNID provides an array of tools for identifying key regulators and network models related to interplays among IEFs using transcriptome and interactome data. To demonstrate the utility of iNID, we investigated the interplays of (1) phytohormones and light and (2) phytohormones and biotic stresses. The results revealed 34 potential regulators of the interplays, some of which have not been reported in association with the interplays, and also network models that delineate the involvement of the 34 regulators in the interplays, providing novel insights into the interplays collectively defined by phytohormones, light, and biotic stresses. We then experimentally verified that BME3 and TEM1, among the selected regulators, are involved in the auxin-brassinosteroid (BR)-blue light interplay. Therefore, iNID serves as a useful tool to provide a basis for understanding interplays among IEFs.
文摘Neurotransmitter release from presynaptic cells can be recorded by postsynaptic potentials/currents in central nerve system. However, little is known about how to
文摘This paper explores the advantages of research inrelation to ELT practice in China and in comparisonwith the other two sources of human knowledge,i.e.experience and reasoning.It then elaborates the fourkinds of study:receptive study,productive study,critical study and creative study and proposes a prac-tice of ever-advancing integration of different types ofstudy.It finally discusses possible relationships be-tween study and research and suggests research-basedstudy and study-oriented research as two potential ap-proaches to mutual stimulation between study and re-search in ELT practice in China.
文摘Upper Triassic sedimentary systems of both the Arabian Plate and the Germanic Basin reveal climate- and plate tectonic-forced effects through certain time-intervals experienced by architectural elements, lithofacies types, unconformities, flash flood deposits, maximum flooding surfaces/sequence boundary (MFS/SB), mineralogy, and isotope anomalies. Further, Moon recession and changes of Earth’s rotation velocity (core/mantle boundary) are associated with multiple impacting and large igneous provinces/Mid Oceanic Ridge Basalt, LIP/MORB-rifting/degassing. While acidification (by degassing, sturz-rain) does influence tectosilicates and carbonates, montmorillonite represents a key mineral as transformation of volcanic/impact glass (Tephra) to be found as co-components in and in certain pelite units as “boundary clay-suspicions” (mixture of eolian paleoloess, pelite, paleosol, and tephra → tuffite). Obviously, unconformities and sequence boundaries of both study areas separate and dislocate interrupted ∂<sup>13</sup>C and <sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr-data groups along the isotope curves. Both Proto-Arctic Ocean rifting/degassing comprising kimberlitic pyroclastic eruptions and Neotethys rifting/degassing as well as multiple impacting played the most important role during the Norian, followed by the incipient Central Atlantic Magmatic Provinces rifting since the Rhaetian. The following associations are encountered and dealt with in this study: Sequence boundaries-∂<sup>13</sup>C, maximum flooding surfaces-(FUCs)-∂<sup>13</sup>C, unconformities-plate motion, tephra-pelite-tuffite-montmorillonite. Norian: maximum flooding surfaces (MFSs)-“paleosol”/boundary clay?-rifting-volcanism, Moon/Earth data change. So the Norian (~221 - 206 Ma) hosts anomalous “amalgamated maximum flooding surfaces (MFSs)”, amalgamated paleosol (Jordanian Platform), multiple impacting (~219 - 214 Ma), the maximum opening of the Proto-Arctic Ocean (PAO) (~230 - 200 Ma), Neo-Tethys (NT)-subvolcanic (sills, dikes) in the NE Dead Sea area prior the Rhaetian, and a significant change of Earth/Moon relation data. The study concludes that rare and extreme events are very strongly shaping the geologic constellations in the Earth System.
基金supported by the Beijing Social Science Fund:Beijing's Participation in the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development [grant number:17ZGC011]
文摘Global environmental cooperation serves as an important part in the Chinese ideal of building a Community with a Shared Future for all Human Beings. The report of 19 th CPC National Congress indicates that China is committed to proactive mitigation under the Paris Agreement and further participating in global environmental governance under the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, and both of which are largely integrated to the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI). BRI are also closely linked with South-South environmental and climate cooperation proposed by China from previous UN summits. Based on shared ideas, intersected agendas, and compatible governance approaches, BRI and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development grow increasingly relevant and they might form synergies based on increasingly interactive relations. In sum,seeking and intensifying the linkages between BRI and 2030 sustainable development goals(SDGs) could address global environmental governance deficits and enhance cooperation among nations.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81502564 and No.81972598the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province,No.LY19H160004.
文摘Normal cells mainly rely on oxidative phosphorylation as an effective energy source in the presence of oxygen.In contrast,most cancer cells use less efficient glycolysis to produce ATP and essential biomolecules.Cancer cells gain the characteristics of metabolic adaptation by reprogramming their metabolic mechanisms to meet the needs of rapid tumor growth.A subset of cancer cells with stem characteristics and the ability to regenerate exist throughout the tumor and are therefore called cancer stem cells(CSCs).New evidence indicates that CSCs have different metabolic phenotypes compared with differentiated cancer cells.CSCs can dynamically transform their metabolic state to favor glycolysis or oxidative metabolism.The mechanism of the metabolic plasticity of CSCs has not been fully elucidated,and existing evidence indicates that the metabolic phenotype of cancer cells is closely related to the tumor microenvironment.Targeting CSC metabolism may provide new and effective methods for the treatment of tumors.In this review,we summarize the metabolic characteristics of cancer cells and CSCs and the mechanisms of the metabolic interplay between the tumor microenvironment and CSCs,and discuss the clinical implications of targeting CSC metabolism.