In this paper, we consider the construction of the approximate profile-</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">likelihood confiden...In this paper, we consider the construction of the approximate profile-</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">likelihood confidence intervals for parameters of the 2-parameter Weibull distribution based on small type-2 censored samples. In previous research works, the traditional Wald method has been used to construct approximate confidence intervals for the 2-parameter Weibull distribution</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">under type-2 censoring scheme. However, the Wald technique is based on normality assumption and thus may not produce accurate interval estimates for small samples. The profile-likelihood and Wald confidence intervals are constructed for the shape and scale parameters of the 2-parameter Weibull distribution based on simulated and real type-2 censored data, and are hence compared using confidence length and coverage probability.展开更多
For a class of time-delay discrete-time linear systems with external disturbance and measurement noise, the interval estimation problems of state and measurement noise are investigated in this paper. First, the system...For a class of time-delay discrete-time linear systems with external disturbance and measurement noise, the interval estimation problems of state and measurement noise are investigated in this paper. First, the system state together with the time-delay term and measurement noise is augmented as a new state, and a singular system is then constructed. Subsequently, a kind of decoupling technique is employed to eliminate the effect of external disturbance, and an observer is designed to simultaneously estimate the system state and measurement noise. Based on the estimated state and measurement noise, the interval estimations of system state and measurement noise are obtained by reachability analysis technique. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by a four-tank liquid level system.展开更多
Decision-theoretic interval estimation requires the use of loss functions that, typically, take into account the size and the coverage of the sets. We here consider the class of monotone loss functions that, under qui...Decision-theoretic interval estimation requires the use of loss functions that, typically, take into account the size and the coverage of the sets. We here consider the class of monotone loss functions that, under quite general conditions, guarantee Bayesian optimality of highest posterior probability sets. We focus on three specific families of monotone losses, namely the linear, the exponential and the rational losses whose difference consists in the way the sizes of the sets are penalized. Within the standard yet important set-up of a normal model we propose: 1) an optimality analysis, to compare the solutions yielded by the alternative classes of losses;2) a regret analysis, to evaluate the additional loss of standard non-optimal intervals of fixed credibility. The article uses an application to a clinical trial as an illustrative example.展开更多
This paper gives the mathematical reason that the probit analysis method of toxicity measurement is reasonable, and proposes a new approach to compute the interval estimation of median lethal dose and 95% lethal dose....This paper gives the mathematical reason that the probit analysis method of toxicity measurement is reasonable, and proposes a new approach to compute the interval estimation of median lethal dose and 95% lethal dose. Based on the dose-response function of pesticides, this study firstly establishes a model of the data generating progress in toxicity test and proves that when the linear models of the logarithm of probability value and dose have been estimated, the weighted linear regression should be used, it is the reason why there is the heteroscedasticity of random disturbance term in the regression model, and the weight is right the reciprocal of the variance for random disturbance term. Secondly, based on the numerical simulation method, this paper gives a new approach for the interval estimation of median lethal dose and 95% lethal dose.展开更多
Interval state estimation(ISE)can estimate state intervals of power systems according to confidence intervals of predicted pseudo-measurements,thereby analyzing the impact of uncertain pseudo-measurements on states.Ho...Interval state estimation(ISE)can estimate state intervals of power systems according to confidence intervals of predicted pseudo-measurements,thereby analyzing the impact of uncertain pseudo-measurements on states.However,predicted pseudo-measurements have prediction errors,and their confidence intervals do not necessarily contain the truth values,leading to estimation biases of the ISE.To solve this problem,this paper proposes a pseudo-measurement interval prediction framework based on the Gaussian process regression(GPR)model,thereby improving the prediction accuracy of pseudo-measurement confidence intervals.Besides,a weight assignment strategy for improving the robustness of weighted least squares(WLS)ISE is proposed.This strategy quantifies the deviation between the pseudo-measurement intervals and their estimated intervals and assigns smaller weights to the pseudo-measurement intervals with larger deviations,thereby improving the estimation accuracy and robustness of the ISE.This paper adopts the data from the supervisory control and data acquisition(SCADA)system of the New York Independent System Operator(NYISO).It verifies the advantages of the GPR method for pseudo-measurement interval prediction by comparing it with the quantile regression and neural network methods.In addition,this paper demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed weight assignment strategy through the IEEE 14-bus case.Finally,the differences in the estimation accuracy and the bad data identification between the robust interval state estimation and deterministic state estimation are discussed.展开更多
In the evaluation of some simulation systems, only small samples data are gotten due to the limited conditions. In allusion to the evaluation problem of small sample data, an interval estimation approach with the impr...In the evaluation of some simulation systems, only small samples data are gotten due to the limited conditions. In allusion to the evaluation problem of small sample data, an interval estimation approach with the improved grey confidence degree is proposed.On the basis of the definition of grey distance, three kinds of definition of the grey weight for every sample element in grey estimated value are put forward, and then the improved grey confidence degree is designed. In accordance with the new concept, the grey interval estimation for small sample data is deduced. Furthermore,the bootstrap method is applied for more accurate grey confidence interval. Through resampling of the bootstrap, numerous small samples with the corresponding confidence intervals can be obtained. Then the final confidence interval is calculated from the union of these grey confidence intervals. In the end, the simulation system evaluation using the proposed method is conducted. The simulation results show that the reasonable confidence interval is acquired, which demonstrates the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.展开更多
Aiming at the solving problem of improved nonhomogeneous Poisson process( NHPP) model in engineering application,the immune clone maximum likelihood estimation( MLE)method for solving model parameters was proposed. Th...Aiming at the solving problem of improved nonhomogeneous Poisson process( NHPP) model in engineering application,the immune clone maximum likelihood estimation( MLE)method for solving model parameters was proposed. The minimum negative log-likelihood function was used as the objective function to optimize instead of using iterative method to solve complex system of equations,and the problem of parameter estimation of improved NHPP model was solved by immune clone algorithm. And the interval estimation of reliability indices was given by using fisher information matrix method and delta method. An example of failure truncated data from multiple numerical control( NC) machine tools was taken to prove the method. and the results show that the algorithm has a higher convergence rate and computational accuracy, which demonstrates the feasibility of the method.展开更多
In engineering applications, probabilistic reliability theory appears to be presently the most important method, however, in many cases precise probabilistic reliability theory cannot be considered as adequate and cre...In engineering applications, probabilistic reliability theory appears to be presently the most important method, however, in many cases precise probabilistic reliability theory cannot be considered as adequate and credible model of the real state of actual affairs. In this paper, we developed a hybrid of probabilistic and non-probabilistic reliability theory, which describes the structural uncertain parameters as interval variables when statistical data are found insufficient. By using the interval analysis, a new method for calculating the interval of the structural reliability as well as the reliability index is introduced in this paper, and the traditional probabilistic theory is incorporated with the interval analysis. Moreover, the new method preserves the useful part of the traditional probabilistic reliability theory, but removes the restriction of its strict requirement on data acquisition. Example is presented to demonstrate the feasibility and validity of the proposed theory.展开更多
Taking into account the whole system structure and the component reliability estimation uncertainty, a system reliability estimation method based on probability and statistical theory for distributed monitoring system...Taking into account the whole system structure and the component reliability estimation uncertainty, a system reliability estimation method based on probability and statistical theory for distributed monitoring systems is presented. The variance and confidence intervals of the system reliability estimation are obtained by expressing system reliability as a linear sum of products of higher order moments of component reliability estimates when the number of component or system survivals obeys binomial distribution. The eigenfunction of binomial distribution is used to determine the moments of component reliability estimates, and a symbolic matrix which can facilitate the search of explicit system reliability estimates is proposed. Furthermore, a case of application is used to illustrate the procedure, and with the help of this example, various issues such as the applicability of this estimation model, and measures to improve system reliability of monitoring systems are discussed.展开更多
In present paper, we obtain the inverse moment estimations of parameters of the Birnbaum-Saunders fatigue life distribution based on Type-Ⅱ bilateral censored samples and multiply Type-Ⅱ censored sample. In this pap...In present paper, we obtain the inverse moment estimations of parameters of the Birnbaum-Saunders fatigue life distribution based on Type-Ⅱ bilateral censored samples and multiply Type-Ⅱ censored sample. In this paper, we also get the interval estimations of the scale parameters.展开更多
The electrical conductivity(EC)of extracted muscle fluid has been extensively used to evaluate meat freshness and shelf life in the field of food sanitation for decades.The opposite of freshness is the corruption that...The electrical conductivity(EC)of extracted muscle fluid has been extensively used to evaluate meat freshness and shelf life in the field of food sanitation for decades.The opposite of freshness is the corruption that increases with time.Based on the freshness/corruption principle,we investigated the relationship between long postmortem intervals(PMIs)and EC in cadaver skeletal muscle.EC values of extracted fluid from rat muscles were measured at different PMIs for 10 days.The results indicate that there was a significant correlation between PMI and EC,and the data fit well to the cubic polynomial regression equation y=‑0.01x3+0.264x2‑13.657x+1769.148(R2=0.925).In addition,the EC of different dilutions of these muscle extracts showed strict quadratic correlation(R2=1)with the dilution ratios,suggesting that EC can be measured with very small quantities of muscle sample.Our study suggests that determination of the EC of cadaver skeletal muscle extracts may be a useful method for estimating long PMIs.展开更多
Historically, Crescent City is one of the most vulnerable communities impacted by tsunamis along the west coast of the United States, largely attributed to its offshore geography. Trans-ocean tsunamis usually produce ...Historically, Crescent City is one of the most vulnerable communities impacted by tsunamis along the west coast of the United States, largely attributed to its offshore geography. Trans-ocean tsunamis usually produce large wave runup at Crescent Harbor resulting in catastrophic damages, property loss and human death. How to determine the return values of tsunami height using relatively short-term observation data is of great significance to assess the tsunami hazards and improve engineering design along the coast of Crescent City. In the present study, the extreme tsunami heights observed along the coast of Crescent City from 1938 to 2015 are fitted using six different probabilistic distributions, namely, the Gumbel distribution, the Weibull distribution, the maximum entropy distribution, the lognormal distribution, the generalized extreme value distribution and the generalized Pareto distribution. The maximum likelihood method is applied to estimate the parameters of all above distributions. Both Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and root mean square error method are utilized for goodness-of-fit test and the better fitting distribution is selected. Assuming that the occurrence frequency of tsunami in each year follows the Poisson distribution, the Poisson compound extreme value distribution can be used to fit the annual maximum tsunami amplitude, and then the point and interval estimations of return tsunami heights are calculated for structural design. The results show that the Poisson compound extreme value distribution fits tsunami heights very well and is suitable to determine the return tsunami heights for coastal disaster prevention.展开更多
Underwater sensor network can achieve the unmanned environmental monitoring and military monitoring missions.Underwater acoustic sensor node cannot rely on the GPS to position itself,and the traditional indirect posit...Underwater sensor network can achieve the unmanned environmental monitoring and military monitoring missions.Underwater acoustic sensor node cannot rely on the GPS to position itself,and the traditional indirect positioning methods used in Ad Hoc networks are not fully applicable to the localization of underwater acoustic sensor networks.In this paper,we introduce an improved underwater acoustic network localization algorithm.The algorithm processes the raw data before localization calculation to enhance the tolerance of random noise.We reduce the redundancy of the calculation results by using a more accurate basic algorithm and an adjusted calculation strategy.The improved algorithm is more suitable for the underwater acoustic sensor network positioning.展开更多
The reliability of a system is discussed when the strength of the system and the stress imposed on it are independent and non-identical exponentiated Pareto distributed random variables with progressively censored sch...The reliability of a system is discussed when the strength of the system and the stress imposed on it are independent and non-identical exponentiated Pareto distributed random variables with progressively censored scheme.Different interval estimations are proposed.The interval estimations obtained are exact,approximate and bootstrap confidence intervals.Different methods and the corresponding confidence intervals are compared using Monte-Carlo simulations.Simulation results show that the confidence intervals(CIs)of exact and approximate methods are really better than those of the bootstrap method.展开更多
Using retroactive adjustment approach of history data published by the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS), this study has adjusted micro-level survey data of China Household Income Project Survey (CHIPS, 2007) an...Using retroactive adjustment approach of history data published by the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS), this study has adjusted micro-level survey data of China Household Income Project Survey (CHIPS, 2007) and conducted point estimation on household income Gini coefficient using the NBS method. On this basis, the standard error of the point estimation of China's Gini coefficient is estimated using bootstrap method, creating a confidence interval of Gini coefficient. Results indicate that among five continuous declines of Gini coefficient between 2008 and 2013, only three declines are statistically significant. It is thus too early to jump at the conclusion that the Gini coefficient of China's household income distribution has already entered into a downward channel and at least the argument that China's Gini coefficient has been on the decline for five consecutive years is questionable.展开更多
We use the methods of “The Welch-Satterthwaite test”, “The Cochran-Cox test”, “The Generalized p-value test”, “Computational Approach test” to structure different Confidence Distributions, and use the Confiden...We use the methods of “The Welch-Satterthwaite test”, “The Cochran-Cox test”, “The Generalized p-value test”, “Computational Approach test” to structure different Confidence Distributions, and use the Confidence Distributions to give an new solution the confidence interval of the difference between two population means where the populations are assumed to be normal with unknown and unequal variances. Finally, we find the most effective solution through the numerical simulation.展开更多
Based on the Confidence Distribution method to the Behrens-Fisher problem, we consider two approaches of combining Confidence Distributions: P Combination and AN Combination to solve the Behrens-Fisher problem. Firstl...Based on the Confidence Distribution method to the Behrens-Fisher problem, we consider two approaches of combining Confidence Distributions: P Combination and AN Combination to solve the Behrens-Fisher problem. Firstly, we provide some Confidence Distributions to the Behrens-Fisher problem, and then we give the Confidence Distribution method to the Behrens-Fisher problem. Finally, we compare the “combination” and the “single” through the numerical simulation.展开更多
The parameter estimation is considered for the Gompertz distribution under frequensitst and Bayes approaches when records are available.Maximum likelihood estimators,exact and approximate confidence intervals are deve...The parameter estimation is considered for the Gompertz distribution under frequensitst and Bayes approaches when records are available.Maximum likelihood estimators,exact and approximate confidence intervals are developed for the model parameters,and Bayes estimators of reliability performances are obtained under different losses based on a mixture of continuous and discrete priors.To investigate the performance of the proposed estimators,a record simulation algorithm is provided and a numerical study is presented by using Monte-Carlo simulation.展开更多
Every couple would want to have balanced sex of babies and a given number of children. But in reality, most couples do not achieve it. Some end up bearing particular sex of baby, this has caused a lot of pressure and ...Every couple would want to have balanced sex of babies and a given number of children. But in reality, most couples do not achieve it. Some end up bearing particular sex of baby, this has caused a lot of pressure and untold hardship for couples. In Nigeria, the preference for a son is so strong that any family that does not have a son does not belong. The reason for the preference is mainly for economic and continuation of family lineage. Inability to bear the desired sex of a baby makes couples bear more children than they could cater for. This has caused poverty, overpopulation and reduces life expectancy for many families in Nigeria. In this paper, we have developed a model that will help couples select the desired sex of their babies and avoid unwanted pregnancies. The method is easy to apply whether educated or not. The application of the method will help to reduce family-based violence due to imbalanced sex of babies.展开更多
In this paper,we consider a system which has k statistically independent and identically distributed strength components and each component is constructed by a pair of statistically dependent elements with doubly type...In this paper,we consider a system which has k statistically independent and identically distributed strength components and each component is constructed by a pair of statistically dependent elements with doubly type-II censored scheme.These elements(X1,Y1),(X2,Y2),…,(Xk,Yk)follow a bivariate Kumaraswamy distribution and each element is exposed to a common random stress T which follows a Kumaraswamy distribution.The system is regarded as operating only if at least s out of k(1≤s≤k)strength variables exceed the random stress.The multicomponent reliability of the system is given by Rs,k=P(at least s of the(Z1,…,Zk)exceed T)where Zi=min(Xi,Yi),i=1,…,k.The Bayes estimates of Rs,k have been developed by using the Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods due to the lack of explicit forms.The uniformly minimum variance unbiased and exact Bayes estimates of Rs,k are obtained analytically when the common second shape parameter is known.The asymptotic confidence interval and the highest probability density credible interval are constructed for Rs,k.The reliability estimators are compared by using the estimated risks through Monte Carlo simulations.展开更多
文摘In this paper, we consider the construction of the approximate profile-</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">likelihood confidence intervals for parameters of the 2-parameter Weibull distribution based on small type-2 censored samples. In previous research works, the traditional Wald method has been used to construct approximate confidence intervals for the 2-parameter Weibull distribution</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">under type-2 censoring scheme. However, the Wald technique is based on normality assumption and thus may not produce accurate interval estimates for small samples. The profile-likelihood and Wald confidence intervals are constructed for the shape and scale parameters of the 2-parameter Weibull distribution based on simulated and real type-2 censored data, and are hence compared using confidence length and coverage probability.
基金supported in part by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(No.61973105)the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(No.232300420147)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Universities of Henan Province(No.NSFRF180335).
文摘For a class of time-delay discrete-time linear systems with external disturbance and measurement noise, the interval estimation problems of state and measurement noise are investigated in this paper. First, the system state together with the time-delay term and measurement noise is augmented as a new state, and a singular system is then constructed. Subsequently, a kind of decoupling technique is employed to eliminate the effect of external disturbance, and an observer is designed to simultaneously estimate the system state and measurement noise. Based on the estimated state and measurement noise, the interval estimations of system state and measurement noise are obtained by reachability analysis technique. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by a four-tank liquid level system.
文摘Decision-theoretic interval estimation requires the use of loss functions that, typically, take into account the size and the coverage of the sets. We here consider the class of monotone loss functions that, under quite general conditions, guarantee Bayesian optimality of highest posterior probability sets. We focus on three specific families of monotone losses, namely the linear, the exponential and the rational losses whose difference consists in the way the sizes of the sets are penalized. Within the standard yet important set-up of a normal model we propose: 1) an optimality analysis, to compare the solutions yielded by the alternative classes of losses;2) a regret analysis, to evaluate the additional loss of standard non-optimal intervals of fixed credibility. The article uses an application to a clinical trial as an illustrative example.
文摘This paper gives the mathematical reason that the probit analysis method of toxicity measurement is reasonable, and proposes a new approach to compute the interval estimation of median lethal dose and 95% lethal dose. Based on the dose-response function of pesticides, this study firstly establishes a model of the data generating progress in toxicity test and proves that when the linear models of the logarithm of probability value and dose have been estimated, the weighted linear regression should be used, it is the reason why there is the heteroscedasticity of random disturbance term in the regression model, and the weight is right the reciprocal of the variance for random disturbance term. Secondly, based on the numerical simulation method, this paper gives a new approach for the interval estimation of median lethal dose and 95% lethal dose.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51677012).
文摘Interval state estimation(ISE)can estimate state intervals of power systems according to confidence intervals of predicted pseudo-measurements,thereby analyzing the impact of uncertain pseudo-measurements on states.However,predicted pseudo-measurements have prediction errors,and their confidence intervals do not necessarily contain the truth values,leading to estimation biases of the ISE.To solve this problem,this paper proposes a pseudo-measurement interval prediction framework based on the Gaussian process regression(GPR)model,thereby improving the prediction accuracy of pseudo-measurement confidence intervals.Besides,a weight assignment strategy for improving the robustness of weighted least squares(WLS)ISE is proposed.This strategy quantifies the deviation between the pseudo-measurement intervals and their estimated intervals and assigns smaller weights to the pseudo-measurement intervals with larger deviations,thereby improving the estimation accuracy and robustness of the ISE.This paper adopts the data from the supervisory control and data acquisition(SCADA)system of the New York Independent System Operator(NYISO).It verifies the advantages of the GPR method for pseudo-measurement interval prediction by comparing it with the quantile regression and neural network methods.In addition,this paper demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed weight assignment strategy through the IEEE 14-bus case.Finally,the differences in the estimation accuracy and the bad data identification between the robust interval state estimation and deterministic state estimation are discussed.
文摘In the evaluation of some simulation systems, only small samples data are gotten due to the limited conditions. In allusion to the evaluation problem of small sample data, an interval estimation approach with the improved grey confidence degree is proposed.On the basis of the definition of grey distance, three kinds of definition of the grey weight for every sample element in grey estimated value are put forward, and then the improved grey confidence degree is designed. In accordance with the new concept, the grey interval estimation for small sample data is deduced. Furthermore,the bootstrap method is applied for more accurate grey confidence interval. Through resampling of the bootstrap, numerous small samples with the corresponding confidence intervals can be obtained. Then the final confidence interval is calculated from the union of these grey confidence intervals. In the end, the simulation system evaluation using the proposed method is conducted. The simulation results show that the reasonable confidence interval is acquired, which demonstrates the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.
基金National CNC Special Project,China(No.2010ZX04001-032)the Youth Science and Technology Foundation of Gansu Province,China(No.145RJYA307)
文摘Aiming at the solving problem of improved nonhomogeneous Poisson process( NHPP) model in engineering application,the immune clone maximum likelihood estimation( MLE)method for solving model parameters was proposed. The minimum negative log-likelihood function was used as the objective function to optimize instead of using iterative method to solve complex system of equations,and the problem of parameter estimation of improved NHPP model was solved by immune clone algorithm. And the interval estimation of reliability indices was given by using fisher information matrix method and delta method. An example of failure truncated data from multiple numerical control( NC) machine tools was taken to prove the method. and the results show that the algorithm has a higher convergence rate and computational accuracy, which demonstrates the feasibility of the method.
基金the National Outstanding Youth Science Foundation of China (10425208)Civil 863 Program (2006AA04Z410)111 Project (B07009)
文摘In engineering applications, probabilistic reliability theory appears to be presently the most important method, however, in many cases precise probabilistic reliability theory cannot be considered as adequate and credible model of the real state of actual affairs. In this paper, we developed a hybrid of probabilistic and non-probabilistic reliability theory, which describes the structural uncertain parameters as interval variables when statistical data are found insufficient. By using the interval analysis, a new method for calculating the interval of the structural reliability as well as the reliability index is introduced in this paper, and the traditional probabilistic theory is incorporated with the interval analysis. Moreover, the new method preserves the useful part of the traditional probabilistic reliability theory, but removes the restriction of its strict requirement on data acquisition. Example is presented to demonstrate the feasibility and validity of the proposed theory.
基金This project is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.50335020,No.50205009)Laboratory of Intelligence Manufacturing Technology of Ministry of Education of China(No.J100301).
文摘Taking into account the whole system structure and the component reliability estimation uncertainty, a system reliability estimation method based on probability and statistical theory for distributed monitoring systems is presented. The variance and confidence intervals of the system reliability estimation are obtained by expressing system reliability as a linear sum of products of higher order moments of component reliability estimates when the number of component or system survivals obeys binomial distribution. The eigenfunction of binomial distribution is used to determine the moments of component reliability estimates, and a symbolic matrix which can facilitate the search of explicit system reliability estimates is proposed. Furthermore, a case of application is used to illustrate the procedure, and with the help of this example, various issues such as the applicability of this estimation model, and measures to improve system reliability of monitoring systems are discussed.
基金Supported by the NSF of China(69971016) Supported by the Shanghai Higher Learning Science Supported by the Technology Development Foundation(00JC14507)
文摘In present paper, we obtain the inverse moment estimations of parameters of the Birnbaum-Saunders fatigue life distribution based on Type-Ⅱ bilateral censored samples and multiply Type-Ⅱ censored sample. In this paper, we also get the interval estimations of the scale parameters.
文摘The electrical conductivity(EC)of extracted muscle fluid has been extensively used to evaluate meat freshness and shelf life in the field of food sanitation for decades.The opposite of freshness is the corruption that increases with time.Based on the freshness/corruption principle,we investigated the relationship between long postmortem intervals(PMIs)and EC in cadaver skeletal muscle.EC values of extracted fluid from rat muscles were measured at different PMIs for 10 days.The results indicate that there was a significant correlation between PMI and EC,and the data fit well to the cubic polynomial regression equation y=‑0.01x3+0.264x2‑13.657x+1769.148(R2=0.925).In addition,the EC of different dilutions of these muscle extracts showed strict quadratic correlation(R2=1)with the dilution ratios,suggesting that EC can be measured with very small quantities of muscle sample.Our study suggests that determination of the EC of cadaver skeletal muscle extracts may be a useful method for estimating long PMIs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51279186, 51479183, 51509227)the National Key Research and Development Program (2016YFC0802301)+1 种基金the National Program on Key Basic Research Project (2011CB013704)the Shandong Province Natural Science Foundation, China (ZR2014EEQ030)
文摘Historically, Crescent City is one of the most vulnerable communities impacted by tsunamis along the west coast of the United States, largely attributed to its offshore geography. Trans-ocean tsunamis usually produce large wave runup at Crescent Harbor resulting in catastrophic damages, property loss and human death. How to determine the return values of tsunami height using relatively short-term observation data is of great significance to assess the tsunami hazards and improve engineering design along the coast of Crescent City. In the present study, the extreme tsunami heights observed along the coast of Crescent City from 1938 to 2015 are fitted using six different probabilistic distributions, namely, the Gumbel distribution, the Weibull distribution, the maximum entropy distribution, the lognormal distribution, the generalized extreme value distribution and the generalized Pareto distribution. The maximum likelihood method is applied to estimate the parameters of all above distributions. Both Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and root mean square error method are utilized for goodness-of-fit test and the better fitting distribution is selected. Assuming that the occurrence frequency of tsunami in each year follows the Poisson distribution, the Poisson compound extreme value distribution can be used to fit the annual maximum tsunami amplitude, and then the point and interval estimations of return tsunami heights are calculated for structural design. The results show that the Poisson compound extreme value distribution fits tsunami heights very well and is suitable to determine the return tsunami heights for coastal disaster prevention.
基金performed in the Project "The Research of Cluster Structure Based Underwater Acoustic Communication Network Topology Algorithm"supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61101164)
文摘Underwater sensor network can achieve the unmanned environmental monitoring and military monitoring missions.Underwater acoustic sensor node cannot rely on the GPS to position itself,and the traditional indirect positioning methods used in Ad Hoc networks are not fully applicable to the localization of underwater acoustic sensor networks.In this paper,we introduce an improved underwater acoustic network localization algorithm.The algorithm processes the raw data before localization calculation to enhance the tolerance of random noise.We reduce the redundancy of the calculation results by using a more accurate basic algorithm and an adjusted calculation strategy.The improved algorithm is more suitable for the underwater acoustic sensor network positioning.
基金Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,China(No.2018A030313829)Characteristic Innovation Projects of Ordinary Universities of Guangdong Province,China(No.2019KTSCX202)+1 种基金Higher Education Teaching Reform Project of Guangdong Province,China(No.2019625)Zhaoqing Educational Development Research Institute Project,China(No.ZQJYY2019033)。
文摘The reliability of a system is discussed when the strength of the system and the stress imposed on it are independent and non-identical exponentiated Pareto distributed random variables with progressively censored scheme.Different interval estimations are proposed.The interval estimations obtained are exact,approximate and bootstrap confidence intervals.Different methods and the corresponding confidence intervals are compared using Monte-Carlo simulations.Simulation results show that the confidence intervals(CIs)of exact and approximate methods are really better than those of the bootstrap method.
文摘Using retroactive adjustment approach of history data published by the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS), this study has adjusted micro-level survey data of China Household Income Project Survey (CHIPS, 2007) and conducted point estimation on household income Gini coefficient using the NBS method. On this basis, the standard error of the point estimation of China's Gini coefficient is estimated using bootstrap method, creating a confidence interval of Gini coefficient. Results indicate that among five continuous declines of Gini coefficient between 2008 and 2013, only three declines are statistically significant. It is thus too early to jump at the conclusion that the Gini coefficient of China's household income distribution has already entered into a downward channel and at least the argument that China's Gini coefficient has been on the decline for five consecutive years is questionable.
文摘We use the methods of “The Welch-Satterthwaite test”, “The Cochran-Cox test”, “The Generalized p-value test”, “Computational Approach test” to structure different Confidence Distributions, and use the Confidence Distributions to give an new solution the confidence interval of the difference between two population means where the populations are assumed to be normal with unknown and unequal variances. Finally, we find the most effective solution through the numerical simulation.
文摘Based on the Confidence Distribution method to the Behrens-Fisher problem, we consider two approaches of combining Confidence Distributions: P Combination and AN Combination to solve the Behrens-Fisher problem. Firstly, we provide some Confidence Distributions to the Behrens-Fisher problem, and then we give the Confidence Distribution method to the Behrens-Fisher problem. Finally, we compare the “combination” and the “single” through the numerical simulation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(1150143371473187)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(JB1507177215591806)
文摘The parameter estimation is considered for the Gompertz distribution under frequensitst and Bayes approaches when records are available.Maximum likelihood estimators,exact and approximate confidence intervals are developed for the model parameters,and Bayes estimators of reliability performances are obtained under different losses based on a mixture of continuous and discrete priors.To investigate the performance of the proposed estimators,a record simulation algorithm is provided and a numerical study is presented by using Monte-Carlo simulation.
文摘Every couple would want to have balanced sex of babies and a given number of children. But in reality, most couples do not achieve it. Some end up bearing particular sex of baby, this has caused a lot of pressure and untold hardship for couples. In Nigeria, the preference for a son is so strong that any family that does not have a son does not belong. The reason for the preference is mainly for economic and continuation of family lineage. Inability to bear the desired sex of a baby makes couples bear more children than they could cater for. This has caused poverty, overpopulation and reduces life expectancy for many families in Nigeria. In this paper, we have developed a model that will help couples select the desired sex of their babies and avoid unwanted pregnancies. The method is easy to apply whether educated or not. The application of the method will help to reduce family-based violence due to imbalanced sex of babies.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong(No.2024A1515010983)the project of Guangdong Province General Colleges and Universities with Special Characteristics and Innovations(No.2022KTSCX150)+2 种基金Zhaoqing Science and Technology Innovation Guidance Project(No.2023040317006)Zhaoqing Institute of Education Development Project(No.ZQJYY2023021)Zhaoqing College Quality Project and Teaching Reform Project(No.zlgc202112).
文摘In this paper,we consider a system which has k statistically independent and identically distributed strength components and each component is constructed by a pair of statistically dependent elements with doubly type-II censored scheme.These elements(X1,Y1),(X2,Y2),…,(Xk,Yk)follow a bivariate Kumaraswamy distribution and each element is exposed to a common random stress T which follows a Kumaraswamy distribution.The system is regarded as operating only if at least s out of k(1≤s≤k)strength variables exceed the random stress.The multicomponent reliability of the system is given by Rs,k=P(at least s of the(Z1,…,Zk)exceed T)where Zi=min(Xi,Yi),i=1,…,k.The Bayes estimates of Rs,k have been developed by using the Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods due to the lack of explicit forms.The uniformly minimum variance unbiased and exact Bayes estimates of Rs,k are obtained analytically when the common second shape parameter is known.The asymptotic confidence interval and the highest probability density credible interval are constructed for Rs,k.The reliability estimators are compared by using the estimated risks through Monte Carlo simulations.