Structure and material study of dielectric laser accelerators based on the inverse Cherenkov effect

Dielectric laser accelerators(DLAs)are considered promising candidates for on-chip particle accelerators that can achieve high acceleration gradients.This study explores various combinations of dielectric materials and accelerated structures based on the inverse Cherenkov effect.The designs utilize conventional processing methods and laser parameters currently in use.We optimize the structural model to enhance the gradient of acceleration and the electron energy gain.To achieve higher acceleration gradients and energy gains,the selection of materials and structures should be based on the initial electron energy.Furthermore,we observed that the variation of the acceleration gradient of the material is different at different initial electron energies.These findings suggest that on-chip accelerators are feasible with the help of these structures and materials.

Inverse J-curve of RMB Appreciation:China Versus America

This is a research report of the study on the inverse J-curve effect of RMB appreciation based on the empirical analysis of trading data between China and America during 1994-2012.This report uses the Marshall-Lerner conditions on J-curve effect explanation,and theoretically analyzes the inverse J-curve effect.Through empirical analysis,that reveals the empirical results exist the‘inverse J-curve effect’in the process of Chinese Yuan appreciation.

Inverse spin Hall effect in ITO/YIG exited by spin pumping and spin Seebeck experiments

Spin currents, which are excited in indium tin oxide(ITO)/yttrium iron garnet(YIG) by the methods of spin pumping and spin Seebeck effect, are investigated through the inverse spin Hall effect(ISHE). It is demonstrated that the ISHE voltage can be generated in ITO by spin pumping under both in-plane and out-of-plane magnetization configurations.Moreover, it is observed that the enhancement of spin Hall angle and interfacial spin mixing conductance can be achieved by an appropriate annealing process. However, the ISHE voltage is hardly seen in the presence of a longitudinal temperature gradient. The absence of the longitudinal spin Seebeck effect can be ascribed to the almost equal thermal conductivity of ITO and YIG and specific interface structure, or to the large negative temperature dependent spin mixing conductance.

The “Inverse Hall-Petch” effect on the impact response of single crystal copper

Based on the available experimental and compu- tational capabilities, a phenomenological approach has been proposed to formulate a hypersurface in both spatial and temporal domains to predict combined specimen size and load- ing rate effects on the material properties [ 1-2]. A systematic investigation is being performed to understand the combined size, rate and thermal effects on the properties and deformation patterns of representative materials with different nanos- tructures and under various types of loading conditions [3- 16]. The recent study on the single crystal copper response to impact loading has revealed the size-dependence of the Hugoniot curve. In this paper, the ＂inverse Hall-Petch＂ behavior as observed in the impact response of single crystal copper, which has not been reported in the open literature, is investigated by performing molecular dynamics simulations of the response of copper nanobeam targets subjected to impacts by copper nanobeam flyers with different impact velocities. It appears from the preliminary results that the ＂inverse Hall-Petch＂ behavior in single crystal copper is mainly due to the formation and evolution of disordered atoms and the interaction between ordered and disordered atoms, as compared with the physics behind the ＂inverse Hall-Petch＂behavior as observed in nanocrystalline materials

Magnetization-direction-dependent inverse spin Hall effect observed in IrMn/NiFe/Cu/YIG multilayer structure

The magnetization-direction-dependent inverse spin Hall effect(ISHE) has been observed in NiFe film during spin Seebeck measurement in IrMn/NiFe/Cu/yttrium iron garnet(YIG) multilayer structure, where the YIG and NiFe layers act as the spin injector and spin current detector, respectively. By using the NiFe/IrMn exchange bias structure, the magnetization direction of YIG(MYIG) can be rotated with respect to that of NiFe(MNiFe) with a small magnetic field, thus allowing us to observe the magnetization-direction-dependent inverse spin Hall effect voltage in NiFe layer. Compared with the situation that polarization direction of spin current(σs) is perpendicular to MNiFe, the spin Seebeck voltage is about 30% larger than that when σs and MNiFe are parallel to each other. This phenomenon may originate from either or both of stronger interface or bulk scattering to spin current when σs and MNiFe are perpendicular to each other. Our work provides a way to control the voltage induced by ISHE in ferromagnets.

Inverse Spin Hall Effect in Two-Terminal Device with Rashba Spin-Orbit Coupling

We report a theoretic study on the inverse spin-Hall effect(ISHE)in a two-terminal nano-device thatconsists of a two-dimensional electron gas(2DEG)with Rashba spin-orbit coupling(RSOC)and two ideal leads.Basedon a two-site toy model and Keldysh Green's function method,we derive an analytic result of ISHE,which showsclearly that a nonzero transverse charge current stems from the combined effect of the RSOC,the spin bias,and its spinpolarization direction in spin space.Our further numerical calculations in a larger system other than two-site latticemodel demonstrate that the transverse charge current,dependent on the strength of the RSOC,the Fermi energy of thesystem,as well as the system size,can exhibit oscillating behavior and even reverse its sign due to Rashba spin precession.These properties may be helpful for efficient detection of the spin current(spin bias)by measuring the transverse chargecurrent in a spin-orbital coupling system.

Site effects by generalized inversion technique using strong motion recordings of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake

The generalized inversion of S-wave amplitude spectra from the free-field strong motion recordings of the China National Strong Motion Observation Network System （NSMONS） are used to evaluate the site effects in the Wenchuan area. In this regard, a total of 602 recordings from 96 aftershocks of the Wenchuan earthquake with magnitudes of M3.7-M6.5 were selected as a dataset. These recordings were obtained from 28 stations at a hypocenter distance ranging from 30 km to 150 km. The inversion results have been verified as reliable by comparing the site response at station 62WUD using the Generalized Inversion Technique （GIT） and the Standard Spectral Ratio method （SSR）. For all 28 stations, the site predominant frequency F and the average site amplification in different frequency bands of 1.0-5.0 Hz, 5.0-10.0 Hz and 1.0-10.0 Hz have been calculated based on the inversion results. Compared with the results from the horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio （HVSR） method, it shows that the HVSR method can reasonably estimate the site predominant frequency but underestimates the site amplification. The linear fitting between the average site amplification for each frequency band and the V20 （the average uppermost-20 m shear wave velocity） shows good correlation. A distance measurement called the asperity distance DAspt is proposed to reasonably characterize the source-to-site distance for large earthquakes. Finally, the inversed site response is used to identify the soil nonlinearity in the main shock and aftershocks of Wenchuan earthquake. In ten of the 28 stations analyzed in the main shock, the soil behaved nonlinearly, where the ground motion level is apparently beyond a threshold ofPGA 〉 300 cm/s^2 or PGV 〉 20 cm/s, and only one station coded 51SFB has evidence of soil nonlinear behavior in the aftershocks.

Fluid identification and effective fracture prediction based on frequency-dependent AVOAz inversion for fractured reservoirs

Fluid and effective fracture identification in reservoirs is a crucial part of reservoir prediction.The frequency-dependent AVO inversion algorithms have proven to be effective for identifying fluid through its dispersion property.However,the conventional frequency-dependent AVO inversion algorithms based on Smith&Gidlow and Aki&Richards approximations do not consider the acquisition azimuth of seismic data and neglect the effect of seismic anisotropic dispersion in the actual medium.The aligned fractures in the subsurface medium induce anisotropy.The seismic anisotropy should be considered while accounting for the seismic dispersion properties through fluid-saturated fractured reservoirs.Anisotropy in such reservoirs is frequency-related due to wave-induced fluid-flow(WIFF)between interconnected fractures and pores.It can be used to identify fluid and effective fractures(fluid-saturated)by using azimuthal seismic data via anisotropic dispersion properties.In this paper,based on Rüger’s equation,we derived an analytical expression in the frequency domain for the frequencydependent AVOAz inversion in terms of fracture orientation,dispersion gradient of isotropic background rock,anisotropic dispersion gradient,and the dispersion at a normal incident angle.The frequency-dependent AVOAz equation utilizes azimuthal seismic data and considers the effect of both isotropic and anisotropic dispersion.Reassigned Gabor Transform(RGT)is used to achieve highresolution frequency division data.We then propose the frequency-dependent AVOAz inversion method to identify fluid and characterize effective fractures in fractured porous reservoirs.Through application to high-qualified seismic data of dolomite and carbonate reservoirs,the results show that the method is useful for identifying fluid and effective fractures in fluid-saturated fractured rocks.

Effective elastic thickness of the lithosphere from joint inversion in western China and its implications

The western China lies in the convergence zone between Eurasian and Indian plates.It is an ideal place to study the lithosphere dynamics and tectonic evolutions on the continental Earth.The lithospheric strength is a key factor in controlling the lithosphere dynamics and deformations.The effective elastic thickness(T_(e))of the lithosphere can be used to address the lithospheric strength.Previous researchers only used one of the admittance or coherence methods to investigate the T_(e) in the western China.Moreover,most of them ignored the internal loads of the lithosphere during the T_(e) calculation,which can produce large biases in the T_(e) estimations.To provide more reliable T_(e) estimations,we used a new joint inversion method that integrated both admittance and coherence techniques to compute the T_(e) in this study,with the WGM2012 gravity data,the ETOPO1 topographic data,and the Moho depths from the CRUST1.0 model.The internal loads are considered and investigated using the load ratio(F).Our results show that the joint inversion method can yield reliable T_(e) and F values.Based on the analysis of T_(e) and F distributions,we suggest(1)the northern Tibetan Plateau could be the front edge of the plate collision of Eurasian and Indian plates;(2)the southern and part of central Tibetan Plateau have a strong lithospheric mantle related to the rigid underthrusting Indian plate;(3)the southeastern Tibetan Plateau may be experiencing the delamination of lithosphere and upwelling of asthenosphere.

Inversion of time-domain airborne EM data with IP effect based on Pearson correlation constraints

Due to the induced polarization(IP)eff ect,the sign reversal often occurs in timedomain airborne electromagnetic(AEM)data.The inversions that do not consider IP eff ect cannot recover the true umderground electrical structures.In view of the fact that there are many parameters of airborne induced polarization data in time domain,and the sensitivity diff erence between parameters is large,which brings challenges to the stability and accuracy of the inversion.In this paper,we propose an inversion mehtod for time-domain AEM data with IP effect based on the Pearson correlation constraints.This method uses the Pearson correlation coeffi cient in statistics to characterize the correlation between the resistivity and the chargeability and constructs the Pearson correlation constraints for inverting the objective function to reduce the non uniqueness of inversion.To verify the eff ectiveness of this method,we perform both Occam’s inversion and Pearson correlation constrained inversion on the synthetic data.The experiments show that the Pearson correlation constrained inverison is more accurate and stable than the Occam’s inversion.Finally,we carried out the inversion to a survey dataset with and without IP eff ect.The results show that the data misfit and the continuity of the inverted section are greatly improved when the IP eff ect is considered.

Inhibitory effect induced by fractional Gaussian noise in neuronal system

We discover a phenomenon of inhibition effect induced by fractional Gaussian noise in a neuronal system. Firstly,essential properties of fractional Brownian motion(fBm) and generation of fractional Gaussian noise(fGn) are presented,and representative sample paths of fBm and corresponding spectral density of fGn are discussed at different Hurst indexes.Next, we consider the effect of fGn on neuronal firing, and observe that neuronal firing decreases first and then increases with increasing noise intensity and Hurst index of fGn by studying the time series evolution. To further quantify the inhibitory effect of fGn, by introducing the average discharge rate, we investigate the effects of noise and external current on neuronal firing, and find the occurrence of inhibitory effect about noise intensity and Hurst index of f Gn at a certain level of current. Moreover, the inhibition effect is not easy to occur when the noise intensity and Hurst index are too large or too small. In view of opposite action mechanism compared with stochastic resonance, this suppression phenomenon is called inverse stochastic resonance(ISR). Finally, the inhibitory effect induced by fGn is further verified based on the inter-spike intervals(ISIs) in the neuronal system. Our work lays a solid foundation for future study of non-Gaussian-type noise on neuronal systems.

Estimation of Site Effects on Stations in the Capital Circle Region Using the Generalized Inversion Method

Generalized Inversion Method has been used to estimate the spatial variation of site effects,using the digital data of SH-waves recorded by 63 stations in the Capital Circle Region of China from 2001 to 2006.We gained the site effects of all stations participating in the calculation.We found that the site effect of rock was stabile and about 1.0 from 1.0Hz to 10.0Hz,while the site effect of deposit was high in low frequencies,about 3 ～ 7 from 1.0Hz to 8.0Hz,and the site effect was protuberant at about 5.0Hz,then fell as the frequency increased.The result shows the shape and intensity of station site effects are mainly influenced by the lithology below the station,and possibly also by the local geological structure.

基于逆Leidenfrost效应的多孔地聚合物微球孔结构及pH缓冲性能

以水玻璃、矿渣粉为材料,基于逆Leidenfrost效应制备了多孔地聚合物微球,研究了其孔结构及pH缓冲性能.结果表明:改变水玻璃掺量和水固比可以调控多孔地聚合物微球的孔结构和pH缓冲性能;当水固比为1.0、水玻璃掺量由4%增大至8%时,微球的孔隙率、中位孔径和孔比表面积均减小,pH值波动范围为1.50~1.90;当水玻璃掺量为4%、水固比由1.0增大至1.2时,微球的孔隙率、中位孔径和孔比表面积均增大,pH值波动范围超过2.00;与双氧水直接发气法制备的多孔地聚合物相比,基于逆Leidenfrost效应制备的多孔地聚合物具有更好的pH缓冲性能和更高的OH-累积浸出量.

基于深度学习的微环谐振腔法诺效应调控

在微腔耦合波导上设计空气孔阵列,结合深度学习调控微腔的法诺线型,实现对微腔传感性能的优化。建立了正向预测网络模型,在24 ms内实现从空气孔阵列结构到微腔透射谱线的预测。结合卷积神经网络与逆向设计实现了对微腔透射谱线的定向调控,预测了不同指标下空气孔阵列的趋势,验证了空气孔阵列结构与微腔透射特性的关系。

振动永磁式机械天线的动力学特性研究

在传统的无线通信领域中,长波通信需要匹配大尺寸信号发射天线,制约了其在中小型平台上的应用。基于逆压电效应、振动理论和麦克斯韦方程组,提出并研制了一种三自由度折返梁结构的振动永磁式机械天线原理样机,建立了电-机械-电磁能理论模型,研究了机械天线的辐射影响因素及其频率调制技术。实验结果表明,通过激发机械天线原理样机的不同振动模态可对电磁波信号进行频率调制,从理论和技术角度为低频段信号的通信提供了新思路。

一种基于重力正演理论的海底地形反演迭代算法

重力数据反演海底地形的方法是获取全球海底地形数据的重要途径。针对传统地形反演算法需要间接引入经验参数的问题,本研究以不采用经验公式为原则,从空间域方法入手,结合重力正演公式,建立重力异常与地形之间的解析观测方程,采用最小二乘方法进行求解。为了得到观测方程最优解,建立牛顿迭代关系,引入正则化参数,增强方程组的收敛性。顾及边缘效应对正演的影响,采用双线性插值算法对原始重力异常数据进行加密处理和无约束网格扩充以削弱误差。在太平洋海域(155°E~156°E,16°N~17°N)构建了1′×1′分辨率的海底地形模型,并通过船测水深数据验证。相比于传统空间域算法——重力地质法,本研究方法的均方根误差降低了12.7%,验证了其可行性与准确性。

基于锗硅异质结双极晶体管的低噪声放大器及其反模结构的单粒子瞬态数值仿真研究

针对锗硅异质结双极晶体管(SiGe HBT)进行TCAD仿真建模,基于SiGe HBT器件模型搭建低噪放大器(LNA)电路,开展单粒子瞬态(SET)的混合仿真,研究SET脉冲随离子不同LET值、入射角度的变化规律.结果表明:随着入射离子LET值的增大,LNA端口的SET脉冲的幅值增大,振荡时间延长;随着离子入射角的增大,LNA端口的SET脉冲的幅值先增大后减小,振荡时间减小.使用反模(IM)共射共基结构(Cascode)降低LNA对单粒子效应的敏感度,验证了采用IM结构的LNA电路的相关射频性能.针对离子于共基极(CB)晶体管、共发射极(CE)晶体管两种位置入射进行SET实验.实验结果与本实验中的正向模式相比,IM Cascode结构的LNA电路的瞬态电流持续时间明显减少,并且峰值减小了66%及以上.

薄膜宽度对于NiFe/Ta逆自旋霍尔效应影响的自动表征

通过分立模板镀膜法在同一块光刻版上设计了不同宽度的NiFe/Ta双层膜线条,采用磁控溅射镀膜制备样品。构建了自动化电测试系统实现批量测试样品的逆自旋霍尔电压信号。实验结果表明,样品宽度会影响测试电压信号的对称性和幅值,通过拟合得到信号的对称分量和反对称分量及其比值随着样品宽度的变化,并分析逆自旋霍尔电压和自旋整流电压的影响因素,发现随着样品宽度的减小,自旋整流效应带来的影响逐渐减小,且施加的微波磁场越大,这种变化越明显,其原因在于各向异性磁电阻对薄膜宽度的依赖性。研究结果对自旋电子器件的实用提供重要的设计依据和指导。

坚硬顶板工作面“见方”区冲击危险震动波反演与防治

为加强千米埋深坚硬顶板工作面“见方”阶段冲击危险监测预警的准确性,利用KJ470双震源震动波监测系统,分阶段反演工作面回采期间震动波波速分布情况,从而确定高应力分布规律。双震源CT探测与反演结果表明:(1)高应力区与地质条件变化区、工作面超前支承压力以及相邻采空区支承压力影响区具有高度一致性;(2)坚硬顶板工作面距离“见方”位置50 m时,开始受“见方”影响;(3)回采进入“见方”影响区域后,大能量震动事件超前工作面发生,并与反演的高应力区吻合。基于震动波CT反演预测结果,对划定的高应力集中区域设计卸压解危措施,提高了卸压解危的精准度,微震监测结果表明,采取卸压措施后有效降低了工作面冲击危险,验证了防治措施的有效性。研究结果可为相似工作面冲击危险监测及防治提供参考。