Development zones(DZs)have emerged as a significant policy initiative for promoting regional coordination and facilitating resources allocation.They serve as an organizational framework for fostering industrial agglom...Development zones(DZs)have emerged as a significant policy initiative for promoting regional coordination and facilitating resources allocation.They serve as an organizational framework for fostering industrial agglomeration and driving high-quality development.DZs attract and accommodate resource factors,firms,and projects,thereby functioning as a central catalyst for economic growth.This study utilizes data collected at the“DZ,City and Countrycountry”levels through manual compilation,textual analysis,and innovation measurement.It aims to empirically examine the theoretical rationale and practical preferences for promoting business and investment in China’s DZs.This study considers several factors such as industry attribute,firm attribute,agglomeration theory,and industrial chain layout.Based on our research findings,DZs exhibit distinct preferences.First,industry attribute:DZs align with both national and regional strategic planning and adhere to the industrial endowments of the respective areas.Second,firm attribute:DZs prioritize attracting firms that are productive and innovative,and have an international presence,rather than those that primarily contribute to taxes and job creation.Third,DZs are guided by the agglomeration theory,which suggests that they prefer firms that generate strong agglomeration externalities.Lastly,DZs also consider the industrial chain layout,aiming to attract firms that not only align with their existing industrial strengths but also extend to the upstream and downstream supply chain links.These conclusions are substantiated by the performance of robustness test.The success of DZs in China can be attributed to the five key principles:Adherence to national and regional strategic planning,prioritizing the actual industrial foundation,incorporating the theory of agglomeration externalities,strengthening corporate competitiveness,and expanding industrial chains.展开更多
The Chinese government set up the State Development Bank against the background of the Chinese economic system being transformed from planned to market. In May 1995, the State Development Investment Corporation was es...The Chinese government set up the State Development Bank against the background of the Chinese economic system being transformed from planned to market. In May 1995, the State Development Investment Corporation was established. Does this mean that China’s investment system reform is advancing at a much展开更多
Establishing a China-Africa Development Fund(CADFund) to encourage and support Chinese enterprises to invest in Africa was one of the eight measures implemented to strengthen China-Africa cooperation pledged by China ...Establishing a China-Africa Development Fund(CADFund) to encourage and support Chinese enterprises to invest in Africa was one of the eight measures implemented to strengthen China-Africa cooperation pledged by China at the Beijing Summit of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation(FOCAC) in 2006. The Fund became operational in June 2007 with a first-phase funding of $1 billion provided by China Development Bank(CDB).The funding is expected展开更多
By analyzing the distribution of global oil and gas fields and the reasons why some oil and gas fields are not in production, the distribution characteristics of oil and gas remaining recoverable reserves and their ye...By analyzing the distribution of global oil and gas fields and the reasons why some oil and gas fields are not in production, the distribution characteristics of oil and gas remaining recoverable reserves and their year-on-year changes, the distribution characteristics of oil and gas production and their year-on-year changes, and the development potential of oil and gas to be tapped in 2021, this paper sorts out systematically the current status and characteristics of global oil and gas development, summaries the major trends of global oil and gas development, puts forward enlightenment for international oil and gas cooperation. In 2021, oil and gas fields were widely distributed, the number of non-producing oil and gas fields was large;the whole oil and gas remaining recoverable reserves declined slightly, unconventional oil and gas remaining recoverable reserves dropped significantly;the overall oil and gas production continuously increased, the outputs of key resource-host countries kept year-on-year growth;undeveloped oilfields had abundant reserves and great development potential. Combined with global oil and gas geopolitics, oil and gas industry development trends, oil and gas investment intensity, and the tracking and judgment of hotspot fields, the major trends of global oil and gas development in 2021 are summarized. On this basis, the four aspects of enlightenment and suggestions for international oil and gas cooperation and development strategies are put forward: attach great importance to the obligation of marine abandonment to ensure high-quality and long-term benefit development of offshore oil and gas;adhere to the principle of not going to dangerous and chaotic places, strengthen the concentration of oil and gas assets, and establish multi stable supply bases;based on the multi-scenario demand of natural gas, realize the transformation from integrated collaboration to full oil and gas industry chain development;increase the acquisition of high-quality large-scale assets, and pay attention to the continuous optimization of the shareholding ratio of projects at different stages.展开更多
To reveal the quantitative relationship between research and development (R&D) investment and gross domestic product (GDP) in China, we have demonstrated and analyzed the relationship between R&D investment an...To reveal the quantitative relationship between research and development (R&D) investment and gross domestic product (GDP) in China, we have demonstrated and analyzed the relationship between R&D investment and science and technology (S&T) progress, and based on a mount of S&T statistical data, have proceeded demonstration research of the relationship between R&D investment and GDP in China with Solow and vector auto regression (VAR) models. Cubic curve fitting and cross-correlation analysis of them with SPSS have shown that there is a strong synchronic relationship between R&D investment and GDP.展开更多
Taking the advanced technology of the foreign firm into account, a mixed duopoly three-stage game model is established in the context of research and development（RD）investment subsidies and product subsidies for dom...Taking the advanced technology of the foreign firm into account, a mixed duopoly three-stage game model is established in the context of research and development（RD）investment subsidies and product subsidies for domestic firms provided by the government, and the RD subsidy policy of domestic firms in competition with foreign firms is analyzed.The equilibrium output, RD investment of the domestic firm, social welfare and the value of government subsidies are derived, in the case of the two policies, RD investment subsidies and product subsidies for domestic firms, provided by the government. The results show that, the equilibrium output and the optimal social welfare under the RD investment subsidy policy are both less than those under the product subsidy policy; the optimal RD investment under the RD investment subsidy policy is less than that under the product subsidy policy; and the RD product subsidy has a more obvious incentive effect on firm RD investment. Under the background of the leading edge of technology of foreign firms, the product subsidy policy drawn up by the government to encourage RD innovation of domestic firms is more effective than the RD investment subsidy policy.展开更多
But in the non-capital market, the practices in some JVs have already broken the rule.For example, Dongfeng Yueda Kia. When it was established, Dongfeng and Yueda held25 percent shareholding respectively and Kia the r...But in the non-capital market, the practices in some JVs have already broken the rule.For example, Dongfeng Yueda Kia. When it was established, Dongfeng and Yueda held25 percent shareholding respectively and Kia the remaining 50 percent. In fact, theforeign side is the holder of the company.展开更多
Railway investmentThe Ministry of Railways announced that China plans to invest 400 billion yuan （563.49 billion） on railway infrastructure construction in 2012, representing a decline from the 469 billion yuan （S7...Railway investmentThe Ministry of Railways announced that China plans to invest 400 billion yuan （563.49 billion） on railway infrastructure construction in 2012, representing a decline from the 469 billion yuan （S74.4 billion） in 2011. Railway construction, especially development of high-speed rail lines has been slowing down in the country since a deadly train crash in July 2011. The ministry will raise capital for railroad building through bond issuance bank loans and other market tools.展开更多
Overseas Expansion Chinese automaker FAW Group will broaden its market in South Africa through exporting technology and capital. FAW invested about 500 mil- lion yuan （$79.3 million） to establish a plant in South Af...Overseas Expansion Chinese automaker FAW Group will broaden its market in South Africa through exporting technology and capital. FAW invested about 500 mil- lion yuan （$79.3 million） to establish a plant in South Africa in March this year, which will produce 5,000 trucks a year, according to FAW Group. The plant will be expanded as an overseas manufac- turing base with an annual output of 50,000 passenger vehicles. Founded in 1953, FAW Group is now one of the larg- est vehicle manufacturers in China and ranks among the top 500 corporations worldwide.展开更多
Foreign investors need to be keeping an eye on developments in west China and the recently launched Investor Going West Campaign.As the coastal regions get more expensive,pure economics encourages savvy international ...Foreign investors need to be keeping an eye on developments in west China and the recently launched Investor Going West Campaign.As the coastal regions get more expensive,pure economics encourages savvy international investors to look inland展开更多
The operational cost of positioning an export company to inland China may effectively double the overheads. The fact that it is more expensive in terms of additional transport costs is
This is the second in a series of articles on this topic, the first of which appears in Issue No. 19 We now look at the cost of land. Here we have contacted the most popular local development zone in each city and tak...This is the second in a series of articles on this topic, the first of which appears in Issue No. 19 We now look at the cost of land. Here we have contacted the most popular local development zone in each city and taken their quotes for renting展开更多
Since China’s opening and reform began, China has attracted a large inflow of foreigndirect investment (FDI). This is largely due to the stable development of the economy,preferential policies, rich resources, cheap ...Since China’s opening and reform began, China has attracted a large inflow of foreigndirect investment (FDI). This is largely due to the stable development of the economy,preferential policies, rich resources, cheap labor, and bright market prospects. The amountof FDI actually used by China in 2004 reached US$60.63 billion, maintaining the growthmomentum that started in 2000, ranking China as second in the world. FDI’s positions inindustrial production, in industrial structure upgrade, and in import/export have beenstrengthened. The technical level has continued to rise and the number of R&D centers setup in China has been increasing. The increasing role of FDI in China’s economy hasaroused growing concern from all quarters. 2004 was a year that witnessed the mostextensive discussion among economists and other circles on the advantages anddisadvantages of FDI in China. Is the amount of FDI too much? Have foreign-fundedenterprises introduced advanced technologies? Have they produced an overflowing effect?Is there a monopoly on the domestic market by foreign capital? And does it affect economicstability and national security? (Guo Hong, 2004)展开更多
基金sponsored by the General Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(72073093)the General Project of the Scientific Research Fund of Renmin University of China(21XNA008)the Key Project of the National Social Science Fund of China(NSSFC)(20&ZD118).
文摘Development zones(DZs)have emerged as a significant policy initiative for promoting regional coordination and facilitating resources allocation.They serve as an organizational framework for fostering industrial agglomeration and driving high-quality development.DZs attract and accommodate resource factors,firms,and projects,thereby functioning as a central catalyst for economic growth.This study utilizes data collected at the“DZ,City and Countrycountry”levels through manual compilation,textual analysis,and innovation measurement.It aims to empirically examine the theoretical rationale and practical preferences for promoting business and investment in China’s DZs.This study considers several factors such as industry attribute,firm attribute,agglomeration theory,and industrial chain layout.Based on our research findings,DZs exhibit distinct preferences.First,industry attribute:DZs align with both national and regional strategic planning and adhere to the industrial endowments of the respective areas.Second,firm attribute:DZs prioritize attracting firms that are productive and innovative,and have an international presence,rather than those that primarily contribute to taxes and job creation.Third,DZs are guided by the agglomeration theory,which suggests that they prefer firms that generate strong agglomeration externalities.Lastly,DZs also consider the industrial chain layout,aiming to attract firms that not only align with their existing industrial strengths but also extend to the upstream and downstream supply chain links.These conclusions are substantiated by the performance of robustness test.The success of DZs in China can be attributed to the five key principles:Adherence to national and regional strategic planning,prioritizing the actual industrial foundation,incorporating the theory of agglomeration externalities,strengthening corporate competitiveness,and expanding industrial chains.
文摘The Chinese government set up the State Development Bank against the background of the Chinese economic system being transformed from planned to market. In May 1995, the State Development Investment Corporation was established. Does this mean that China’s investment system reform is advancing at a much
文摘Establishing a China-Africa Development Fund(CADFund) to encourage and support Chinese enterprises to invest in Africa was one of the eight measures implemented to strengthen China-Africa cooperation pledged by China at the Beijing Summit of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation(FOCAC) in 2006. The Fund became operational in June 2007 with a first-phase funding of $1 billion provided by China Development Bank(CDB).The funding is expected
基金Scientific Research and Technology Development Project(2021DJ3205)。
文摘By analyzing the distribution of global oil and gas fields and the reasons why some oil and gas fields are not in production, the distribution characteristics of oil and gas remaining recoverable reserves and their year-on-year changes, the distribution characteristics of oil and gas production and their year-on-year changes, and the development potential of oil and gas to be tapped in 2021, this paper sorts out systematically the current status and characteristics of global oil and gas development, summaries the major trends of global oil and gas development, puts forward enlightenment for international oil and gas cooperation. In 2021, oil and gas fields were widely distributed, the number of non-producing oil and gas fields was large;the whole oil and gas remaining recoverable reserves declined slightly, unconventional oil and gas remaining recoverable reserves dropped significantly;the overall oil and gas production continuously increased, the outputs of key resource-host countries kept year-on-year growth;undeveloped oilfields had abundant reserves and great development potential. Combined with global oil and gas geopolitics, oil and gas industry development trends, oil and gas investment intensity, and the tracking and judgment of hotspot fields, the major trends of global oil and gas development in 2021 are summarized. On this basis, the four aspects of enlightenment and suggestions for international oil and gas cooperation and development strategies are put forward: attach great importance to the obligation of marine abandonment to ensure high-quality and long-term benefit development of offshore oil and gas;adhere to the principle of not going to dangerous and chaotic places, strengthen the concentration of oil and gas assets, and establish multi stable supply bases;based on the multi-scenario demand of natural gas, realize the transformation from integrated collaboration to full oil and gas industry chain development;increase the acquisition of high-quality large-scale assets, and pay attention to the continuous optimization of the shareholding ratio of projects at different stages.
文摘To reveal the quantitative relationship between research and development (R&D) investment and gross domestic product (GDP) in China, we have demonstrated and analyzed the relationship between R&D investment and science and technology (S&T) progress, and based on a mount of S&T statistical data, have proceeded demonstration research of the relationship between R&D investment and GDP in China with Solow and vector auto regression (VAR) models. Cubic curve fitting and cross-correlation analysis of them with SPSS have shown that there is a strong synchronic relationship between R&D investment and GDP.
基金The Special Project of Innovative Methods and Work Funded by Ministry of National Science and Technology of China(No.2013IM030600)
文摘Taking the advanced technology of the foreign firm into account, a mixed duopoly three-stage game model is established in the context of research and development（RD）investment subsidies and product subsidies for domestic firms provided by the government, and the RD subsidy policy of domestic firms in competition with foreign firms is analyzed.The equilibrium output, RD investment of the domestic firm, social welfare and the value of government subsidies are derived, in the case of the two policies, RD investment subsidies and product subsidies for domestic firms, provided by the government. The results show that, the equilibrium output and the optimal social welfare under the RD investment subsidy policy are both less than those under the product subsidy policy; the optimal RD investment under the RD investment subsidy policy is less than that under the product subsidy policy; and the RD product subsidy has a more obvious incentive effect on firm RD investment. Under the background of the leading edge of technology of foreign firms, the product subsidy policy drawn up by the government to encourage RD innovation of domestic firms is more effective than the RD investment subsidy policy.
文摘But in the non-capital market, the practices in some JVs have already broken the rule.For example, Dongfeng Yueda Kia. When it was established, Dongfeng and Yueda held25 percent shareholding respectively and Kia the remaining 50 percent. In fact, theforeign side is the holder of the company.
文摘Railway investmentThe Ministry of Railways announced that China plans to invest 400 billion yuan （563.49 billion） on railway infrastructure construction in 2012, representing a decline from the 469 billion yuan （S74.4 billion） in 2011. Railway construction, especially development of high-speed rail lines has been slowing down in the country since a deadly train crash in July 2011. The ministry will raise capital for railroad building through bond issuance bank loans and other market tools.
文摘Overseas Expansion Chinese automaker FAW Group will broaden its market in South Africa through exporting technology and capital. FAW invested about 500 mil- lion yuan （$79.3 million） to establish a plant in South Africa in March this year, which will produce 5,000 trucks a year, according to FAW Group. The plant will be expanded as an overseas manufac- turing base with an annual output of 50,000 passenger vehicles. Founded in 1953, FAW Group is now one of the larg- est vehicle manufacturers in China and ranks among the top 500 corporations worldwide.
文摘Foreign investors need to be keeping an eye on developments in west China and the recently launched Investor Going West Campaign.As the coastal regions get more expensive,pure economics encourages savvy international investors to look inland
文摘The operational cost of positioning an export company to inland China may effectively double the overheads. The fact that it is more expensive in terms of additional transport costs is
文摘This is the second in a series of articles on this topic, the first of which appears in Issue No. 19 We now look at the cost of land. Here we have contacted the most popular local development zone in each city and taken their quotes for renting
文摘Since China’s opening and reform began, China has attracted a large inflow of foreigndirect investment (FDI). This is largely due to the stable development of the economy,preferential policies, rich resources, cheap labor, and bright market prospects. The amountof FDI actually used by China in 2004 reached US$60.63 billion, maintaining the growthmomentum that started in 2000, ranking China as second in the world. FDI’s positions inindustrial production, in industrial structure upgrade, and in import/export have beenstrengthened. The technical level has continued to rise and the number of R&D centers setup in China has been increasing. The increasing role of FDI in China’s economy hasaroused growing concern from all quarters. 2004 was a year that witnessed the mostextensive discussion among economists and other circles on the advantages anddisadvantages of FDI in China. Is the amount of FDI too much? Have foreign-fundedenterprises introduced advanced technologies? Have they produced an overflowing effect?Is there a monopoly on the domestic market by foreign capital? And does it affect economicstability and national security? (Guo Hong, 2004)
