Ion Product of Pure Water Characterized by Physics-Based Water Model

Pure water has been characterized for nearly a century, by its dissociation into hydronium （H3O）1＋ and hydroxide （HO）1- ions. As a chemical equilibrium reaction, the equilibrium constant, known as the ion product or the product of the equilibrium concentration of the two ion species, has been extensively measured by chemists over the liquid water temperature and pressure range. The experimental data have been nonlinear least-squares fitted to chemical thermodynamic-based equilibrium equations, which have been accepted as the industrial standard for 35 years. In this study, a new and statistical-physics-based water ion product equation is presented, in which, the ions are the positively charged protons and the negatively charged proton-holes or prohols. Nonlinear least squares fits of our equation to the experimental data in the 0-100℃ pure liquid water range, give a factor of two better precision than the 35-year industrial standard.

Production of radioactive ~9C ion beam and its optimization

To explore the medical use of a radioactive 9C-ion beam in tumor treatment, which is a double radiation source coming from the external beam itself and the delayed particles emitted internally, some physical experiments are performed at the Secondary Beam Line (SBL) of Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator, Chiba (HIMAC) in Japan be- fore radiobiological research for exhibiting therapeutic value of the 9C beam. Intention of the experiments is for pro- ducing a radioactive 9C-ion beam with higher production rate and purity by means of optimizing the beam line pa- rameters. Finally, a produced 9C beam with the production rate of 9.07×10-6 and purity of 82.88% at full momentum acceptance has been obtained under the optimal conditions of 40 mm-thick beryllium target and 10 mm-thick alumi- num degrader. Both momentum distribution and contaminations for the produced 9C beam under the optimal condi- tions are measured. In order to execute further biological experiments of the 9C beam project, a uniform irradiation field is made with the wobbling magnets and its homogeneity is up to 93.8% inside central area of 20mm in diameter.

Removal of chloride from simulated acidic wastewater in the zinc production

The removal of chloride from the zinc electrolyte produced during hydrometallurgical zinc production is challenging. The ion-exchange method is a promising way to remove chloride if the resin washing wastewater can be recycled. This paper focuses on chloride removal from resin washing wastewater to enable its reuse. Various processing factors including the oxygen gas velocity, temperature, and reaction time were investigated systematically. The results show that the optimal conditions for dechlorination are an oxygen gas velocity of 0.5 L-min^-1, a reaction temperature of 80 ℃, and a reaction time of 30 min. A dechlorination efficiency of 80% with a residual chloride ion concentration less than 200 mg-L^-1 was achieved, which meets the requirements for the recycling of wastewater. The presence of manganese accelerates the dechlorination by forming a Mn^2+- MnO^2-MnO4^-Mn^2+ redox cycle. In this process, about 15 kg of the MnO2 and all of the zinc can be recovered from 100 m^3 wastewater, and the wastewater can be reused, which makes the ion-exchange method a promising technique for chloride removal.

Multiplicity dependence of charged particle,? meson, and multistrange particle productions in p + p collisions at s^(1/2) = 200 GeV from PYTHIA simulation

We report the multiplicity dependence of charged particle production for the n~±, K~±, p, , and ? mesons at |y|<1:0 in p + p collisions at s^(1/2) = 200 GeV from a PYTHIA simulation. The impact of multiple parton interactions and gluon contributions is studied and found to be a possible source of the splitting of the particle yields as a function of p_T with respect to the multiplicity. No obvious particle species dependence of the splitting is observed.The multiplicity dependence of the ratios Kˉ/πˉ, K^+/π^+,/πˉ, p/π^+, and K_s^0 at mid-rapidity in p+ p collisions is found to follow a tendency similar to that in Au t Au collisions at (s_(NN))^(1/2) = 200 GeV at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider, indicating similar underlying initial production mechanisms despite the differences in the initial colliding systems.

On Production of Hadrons in Proton-Proton Collisions at RHIC and LHC Energies and an Approach

From the very early days of Particle Physics, both experimental and theoretical studies on proton-proton collisions had occupied the center-stage of attention for very simple and obvious reasons. And this intense interest seems now to be at peak value with the onset of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC)-studies at TeV ranges of energies. In this work, we have chosen to analyse the inclusive cross-sections, the rapidity density, the and -ratio behaviours and the r > -values, in the light of the Sequential Chain Model (SCM). And the limited successes of the model encourage us to take up further studies on several other aspects of topmost importance in particle physics with the same approach.

Production and Quality Control of ⁶⁴Cu from High Current Ni Target

A new production method of no-carrier-added 64Cu was tested using a new target prepared by electroplating of Ni on a silver layer (thickness 35 μm) previously electroplated on a pure copper target support. This method meets cost effective production and quality of the produced 64Cu criteria. The quality of the electroplated layers has been tested under the bombardment by more than 200 μA of proton beam using water cooled target system. A separation and purification setup was elaborated to produce high quantity and high specific activity of 64CuCl2 suitable for labeling different ligands in order to be used in therapy and diagnosis. A semi-automated target dissolution and separation system has been developed and achieved for 64Cu production. The separation chemistry is based on a chromatographic column system.

Production of Superoxide Ion with Carbon Gas-Diffusion-Electrode And Reaction of Superoxide Ion with Aromatic Halide

Superoxide ion O^-_2 is prepared in aprotic media by carbon gas-diffusion-electrode for the first time. The experimental results indicate that this electrode is superior to carbon plane-electrode in the reaction of O^-_2 with p-bromonitrobenzene. When the gas-diffussion-electrode is used, the yield of the product nitrophenol increases by 20%, and the selectivity of the reaction is nearly doubled as compared with the plane-electrode.

Detection of Cyanide in Pollution-free Livestock Product Breeding Water by Ion Chromatography

In order to verify the accuracy of ion chromatography for cyanide detection,optimization conditions were studied,and comparison was made for the detection results of cyanide between titration and isonicotinic acid pyrazolone spectrophotometry. The results showed that ion chromatography has good linearity and reproducibility,with the recovery rate of 95%-105% and the limit of detection of 0. 001 mg/L. This method is simple,rapid,safe,selective,and suitable for the determination of cyanide in pollution-free livestock product breeding water.

Production of J/Ψ-Particles at RHIC and LHC Energies: An Alternative “Psi”-Chology

We attempt here to understand successfully some crucial aspects of J/Ψ-production in some high energy nuclear collisions in the light of a non-standard framework outlined in the text. It is found that the results arrived at with this main working approach here is fairly in good agreement with both the measured data and the results obtained on the basis of some other models of the ‘standard’ variety. Impact and implications of this comparative study have also been precisely highlighted in the end.

Effect of Sodium Ion Concentration on Hydrogen Production from Sucrose by Anaerobic Hydrogen-producing Granular Sludge

This work evaluated the effects of sodium ion concentration, ranging from 0 to 16000mg·L-1(Na+), on the conversion of sucrose to hydrogen by a high-activity anaerobic hydrogen-producing granular sludge. At the opti- mum sodium ion concentration [1000—2000mg·L-1(Na+)] for hydrogen production at 37℃, the maximum sucrose degradation rate, the specific hydrogen production yield and the specific hydrogen production rate were 393.6— 413.1mg·L-1·h-1, 28.04—28.97ml·g-1, 7.52—7.83ml·g-1·h-1, respectively. The specific production yields of propionate, butyrate and valerate decreased with increasing sodium ion concentration, whereas the specific acetate production yield increased, meanwhile the specific production yields of ethanol and caproate were less than 55.3 and 12.6mg·g-1, respectively. The hybrid fermentation composition gradually developed from acetate, propionate and butyrate to acetate with the increase in sodium ion concentration.

Nuclear dynamics and particle production near threshold energies in heavy-ion collisions

Recent progress of the quantum molecular dynamics model for describing the dynamics of heavy-ion collisions is viewed, in particular the nuclear fragmentation, isospin physics, particle production and in-medium effect, hadron-induced nuclear reactions, hypernucleus, etc.The neck fragmentation in Fermi-energy heavy-ion collisions is investigated for extracting the symmetry energy at subsaturation densities. The isospin effects, in-medium properties, and the behavior of high-density symmetry energy in medium-and high-energy heavy-ion collisions are thoroughly discussed. The hypernuclide dynamics formed in heavy-ion collisions and in hadron-induced reactions is analyzed and addressed in the future experiments at the high-intensity heavy-ion accelerator facility(HIAF).

Superheavy Particle Production in High Energy Heavy Ion Collisions

The existence of several TeV superheavy particles (SHPs) is predicted by theories beyond the Standard Model. Particles with a mass exceeding the energy in the center of mass in the collision of protons with protons can be produced in subthreshold heavy ion collisions at the LHC. The purpose of the performed research was to estimate the rate of a rare process of SHPs production. It was shown that the data on the subthreshold production of antiprotons can be explained by the phenomenological parton model. The obtained parton distribution function was used to determine the number of SHPs produced in subthreshold heavy ion collisions at the LHC. In one month of collision of lead with lead, the yield of 16 TeVparticles is about 70 per year. To study the kinematically forbidden phenomena in proton-proton interactions in collisions of heavy nuclei at the LHC, an experiment on the production of antiprotons is proposed in the ALICE fixed target project.

离子色谱法测定乳制品中的亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐

建立一种使用离子色谱技术检测乳制品中亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐的方法。乳制品试样经水溶解后,使用亚铁氰化钾和硫酸锌溶液沉淀其中的蛋白质,上清液经C_(18)柱、银柱、钠柱3种固相萃取柱净化后,进行离子色谱-电导检测器测定,使用外标法定量,然后对检测方法进行方法验证。结果表明:亚硝酸盐(以NaNO_(2)计)和硝酸盐(以NaNO_(3)计)含量分别在0.01~0.20μg/mL和0.1~2.0μg/mL内与峰面积线性良好,线性相关系数(R^(2))≥0.99,定量限分别为0.2、0.4 mg/kg,加标回收率为92.5%~102.0%,相对标准偏差为1.5%~6.6%。该方法结果准确、重复性好、操作简单,适用于乳制品中亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐的测定。

Dilepton production in baryon-rich quark-gluon matter

From the full stopping scenario and considered the Drell-Yang background, the rapidity dependence of the dilepton production from the central collision 197Au + 197Au has been studied in the baryon-rich quark-gluon matter by using a relativistic hydrodynamic model.It can be found that the dilepton yield is strongly suppressed as increasing the rapidity. Such a characteristic signaling the formation of the baryon-rich quark-gluon matter can be tested in future experiments at CERN and Brookhaven.

Influence of Metal Ions on Hydrogen Production by Photosynthetic Bacteria Grown in Escherichia coli Pre-Fermented Cheese Whey

The photosynthetic bacteria, Rodospirillum rubrum, produced hydrogen when grown in cheese whey in presence of light. The production increased three times as much when whey was used after being incubated in presence of Escherichia coli at 37℃ for 5 days, giving a total of 3600 ml of H2 in 10 days. The presence of Fe ions (5 mg/L) enhanced H2 production of treated whey to about 6000 ml in 10 days. Mo ions (0.3 and 1.6 mg/l) did not affect achieved H2 production of treated whey. However, when Fe and Mo ions were present together, the production was comparable with that of Mo ions alone, i.e. Mo prevented Fe of producing any enhancing effect. The addition of Mn ions (7.68 mg/L) to treated whey containing Fe (5 mg/L) and Mo ions (8 mg/L) increased H2 production to give about 9500 ml/10 days.

Transtarget residue products of 47 MeV/u ^(12)C ions on ^(133)Cs targets

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液相色谱-三重四极杆复合线性离子阱质谱法测定烟用香精香料中9种有机酸的含量

采用液相色谱-三重四极杆复合线性离子阱质谱法定性定量检测烟用香精香料中苹果酸、柠檬酸、乳酸、丙二酸、琥珀酸、马来酸、酒石酸、己二酸、乙酰丙酸等9种有机酸。取0.1 g烟用香精香料样品,加入20 mL水,超声提取10 min。取上清液1 mL,过0.22μm水相滤膜后用水稀释10倍,按照优化的仪器工作条件测定。在Synergi Hydro-RP色谱柱上用不同体积比的0.1%(体积分数,下同)甲酸溶液和含0.1%甲酸的甲醇溶液的混合液梯度洗脱分离各有机酸后,用电喷雾离子源负离子模式电离,多反应监测-信息依赖采集-增强子离子(MRM-IDA-EPI)模式扫描,MRM模式定量,保留时间结合EPI标准品二级质谱库定性。结果表明:9种有机酸的质量浓度均在一定范围内和定量子离子峰面积呈线性关系,检出限(3s/k)为0.003~0.018 mg·L^(-1);对实际样品进行加标回收试验,回收率为73.3%~112%,日内(n=6)、日间(n=5)精密度试验所得测定值的相对标准偏差分别不大于10%和不大于15%;方法用于142种烟用香精香料样品的分析,检出率较高的4种有机酸为乳酸、苹果酸、琥珀酸和柠檬酸。

锂离子电池生产工艺规范及安全性能检测方法概述

概述了锂离子电池生产工艺规范和安全性能检测方法,包括电芯、电芯模块和电池包的安全检测标准和注意事项。旨在提高锂离子电池产品生产工艺的规范性和安全性,从而提高品质和安全性能。此外,本文还深入解析了车用锂离子电池包的生产规范和安全监测方面的要求,并提供了指导意义,有望促进锂离子电池行业的健康发展。本文将为锂离子电池生产和安全性能提供重要的参考依据,具有较高的实用性和推广价值。

Entropy Production and Fractal Dimensions in Heavy Ion Nuclear Reaction at Intermediate Energies

The characteristics of the nonlinear dynamics in the Heavy Ion Collision (HIC) at intermediate energies have been studied by evaluating the productions of the Generalized Entropy (GE) and the Multifragmentation Entropy (ME) as well as the features of the information and fractal dimensions within the Isospin Quantum Molecular Dynamical Model compensated by the lattice methods. Results demonstrate from various views that the existence of deterministic chaos in the dynamical process of reaction.

光伏企业生产废水处理工程实例

根据光伏企业生产废水水质特征,按照分类收集、分质处理原则,将含氟废水经混凝沉淀预处理后再与综合废水合并,采用电催化-混凝沉淀-管式微滤-UASB-AO组合工艺进行处理。运行结果表明,该工艺对光伏企业综合废水中的污染物有较高的去除率,对F^(-)、COD_(Cr)、BOD_(5)、NH_(4)^(+)-N、TN和SS的最终去除率分别达到了89.1%、97.6%、96.5%、90.6%、84.3%和85.3%,出水水质可以达到《电池工业污染物排放标准》(GB 30484—2013)表2新建企业水污染物间接排放标准要求,工程投资共计797万元,运行费用为8.36元/t,通过沼气回收、磁悬浮风机节能技术,每年产生经济效益为34.0万元,为光伏企业生产废水的设计与运行处理提供参考。