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Direct Determination of Potassium-Sodium Activity Ratio in Soil Suspension with Two Ion-Selective Electrodes 被引量:1
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作者 LIHONG-YAN JIGUO-LIANG 《Pedosphere》 SCIE CAS CSCD 1991年第4期363-369,共7页
A K+-selective electrode and a Na+-selective electrode were used to construct a measuring cell without liquid-junction for the determination of the ion activity ratio of K+ to Na+ in soil suspensions. The measured cel... A K+-selective electrode and a Na+-selective electrode were used to construct a measuring cell without liquid-junction for the determination of the ion activity ratio of K+ to Na+ in soil suspensions. The measured cell potential was not affected by the total electrolyte concentration when the total cation concentration was 10-1-10-3 mol L-1 and the concentration ratio CK+ / CNa+. was 10:1 to 1:50. When the concentration ratios were equal to 1and the total electrolyte concentrations were 10-2 and 10-3 mol L-1, the ion activity ratio measurement would not be affected by pH in the pH range of 3.5 to 11.5 and 4.4 to 11 respectively. Ions other than H+ have no remarkable influence on the measurement. The ion activity ratio of K+ to Na+ measured directly in soil suspension agree well with those in centrifuged supernant solution. The relative deviation was within 4%. From the measured ion activity ratio, the difference of the bonding energies of K+ and Na+ ions was calculated. 展开更多
关键词 ion activity ratio ion-selective electrode potassium ion sodium ion
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Preparation of CeO_2 Nanoparticles and Its Application to Ion-selective Electrodes Based on Acetyl Cellulose 被引量:1
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作者 Jinzhang Gao Fei Guan +4 位作者 Yongjun Ma Wu Yang Jingwan Kang Hualing Deng Youli Qi 《Rare Metals》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2001年第4期217-221,共4页
CeO2 nanoparticles with an average diameter of about 30 nm were prepared by sol-gel method at lower temperature. The gel, transformed from the aqueous solution of metal nitrate and citric acid, can be combusted comple... CeO2 nanoparticles with an average diameter of about 30 nm were prepared by sol-gel method at lower temperature. The gel, transformed from the aqueous solution of metal nitrate and citric acid, can be combusted completely at lower temperature. The redox behavior and the crystallization process of the dried gel were studied by thermogravimetric analysis and infrared spectroscopy. The synthesized powders were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. In addition, rare earth elements ion-selective electrodes based on acetyl cellulose were prepared using ultra fine cerium oxide powders. 展开更多
关键词 CeO2 nanoparticles sol-gel method ion-selective electrode acetyl cellulose
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Solid-Contact Ion-Selective Electrodes Based on Graphite Paste for Potentiometric Nitrate and Ammonium Determinations 被引量:1
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作者 Johannes Schwarz Kathrin Trommer Michael Mertig 《American Journal of Analytical Chemistry》 2018年第12期591-601,共11页
Robust and easy-to-handle solid-contact ion-selective electrodes (SC-ISEs) based on graphite paste have been developed for the potentiometric detection of NO-3 and NH+4 in environmental samples. Polypyrrole (PPy) has ... Robust and easy-to-handle solid-contact ion-selective electrodes (SC-ISEs) based on graphite paste have been developed for the potentiometric detection of NO-3 and NH+4 in environmental samples. Polypyrrole (PPy) has been used as intermediate layer and solid contact between the electron-conducting graphite paste substrate and the ion-conducting polyvinylchloride (PVC)-containing membrane with the immobilized ionophore. For the nitrate- and ammonium-selective electrodes, tridodecylmethylammonium nitrate (TDMA-NO3) and nonactin have been used as ion-complexing compounds, respectively. Both ISEs show nearly Nernstian response in the linear range from 10-5 mol/L to 10-1 mol/L with average slopes of >58 mV/decade. The ISEs possess short response times (<20 s). 展开更多
关键词 Solid-Contact electrode GRAPHITE PASTE ALL-SOLID-STATE Configuration Ion-Complexing Compound Environmental Samples
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Studies of Adsorption of Cadmium Ions by Biowaste Adsorbent from Aqueous Solutions with Ion-Selective Electrodes and ICP-OES
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作者 Taha Fadlou Allah Kaltrina Jusuf +3 位作者 Ali A. Shohatee Liang Feng Louis Trombetta Enju Wang 《American Journal of Analytical Chemistry》 2023年第6期274-286,共13页
Using environment-friendly and low-cost biowaste adsorbents as toxic metal ion removal substrates from aqueous solutions has a great economic advantage. This work evaluated pumpkin and potato peel biowastes for the ad... Using environment-friendly and low-cost biowaste adsorbents as toxic metal ion removal substrates from aqueous solutions has a great economic advantage. This work evaluated pumpkin and potato peel biowastes for the adsorption of cadmium ions. The biowastes were treated with acid or base. Batch experiments were carried out by introducing a known concentration of metal ion solution into the biowaste sorbent at various pH levels. The pH and metal ion concentration was monitored with pH and cadmium ion-selective electrode continuously for two hours, and the final concentration for the metal ion after 24 hours was measured with the cadmium electrode and then confirmed with ICP-OES. L-type isotherms were obtained that fit to Freundlich model. Adsorption isotherms showed chemical adsorption and the kinetics following the second order model. Equilibrium adsorption capacity is higher than 29 mg/g at pH 5.6 when the initial concentration is 220 ppm. Dynamic cadmium adsorption capacity is 17 mg/g from aqueous solution when the feed solution is 220 ppm with pumpkin peel biowaste sorbent. The biowaste materials can be regenerated with acid washing. 展开更多
关键词 Cadmium Ion Biowaste Sorbent ion-selective electrode ICP-OES
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Elucidation of Abnormal Potential Responses of Cation-Selective Electrodes with Solid-State Membranes to Aqueous Solutions of CuCl2 and CdI2
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作者 Yoshihiro Kudo Daisuke Todoroki +3 位作者 Nobukazu Suzuki Naoki Horiuchi Shoichi Katsuta Yasuyuki Takeda 《American Journal of Analytical Chemistry》 2011年第1期9-17,共9页
An empirical solution to abnormal potential responses, showing peaks of emf, of commercial Cu2+- and Cd2+-selective electrodes with solid-state membranes was proposed for aqueous solutions of CuCl2 and CdI2. The two-s... An empirical solution to abnormal potential responses, showing peaks of emf, of commercial Cu2+- and Cd2+-selective electrodes with solid-state membranes was proposed for aqueous solutions of CuCl2 and CdI2. The two-step processes of Mn+ + Yn? (s: solid phase) MY(s) and MY(s) + 2X? X2MY2?(s) (n = 1, 2) at a test solution/electrode-interface were considered as a model. Here, Mn+, Yn?, and X? refer to a divalent or univalent cation, functional groups of electrode materials, and a halide ion (X? = Cl?, Br?, I?), respectively. By applying electrochemical potentials to these processes at n = 2, we derived an equation. Regression analyses based on the equation reproduced well the plots of emf versus log 2(*[M]t) for the Cd(II) and Cu(II) systems: *[M]t denotes a total concentration of species relevant to M2+ in a bulk of the aqueous solution. Also, we obtained log Ks(CdBr2) = 4.28 ? 0.22, log Ks(CdI2) = 6.98 ? 0.05, log Ks(CuCl2) = 3.96 ? 0.09, and log Ks(CuBr2) = 11.4 at 25?C. The magnitude in ?log Ks reflected that in the logarithmic solubility product, log {*[M2+](*[X?])2}, for bulk water, where *[M2+] or *[X?] denotes a molar concentration of the bulk solu-tion of M2+ or X? at equilibrium, respectively. Moreover, a mixture of CuSO4 with NaCl at the molar ratio of 1:1 yielded a plot similar to that of CuCl2. 展开更多
关键词 Cation-selective electrode SOLID-STATE Membranes Potential Response Solubility Product POTENTIOMETRY
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Coulometric Response of H-Selective Solid-Contact Ion-Selective Electrodes and Its Application in Flexible Sensors+
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作者 Tingting Han Tao Song +4 位作者 Shiyu Gan Dongxue Han Johan Bobacka Li Niu Ari lvaska 《Chinese Journal of Chemistry》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2023年第2期207-213,共7页
The analytical performance of H+-selective solid-contact ion-selective electrodes(SCISEs)based on solid contact polyaniline doped with chloride(PANI(Cl))and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)doped with poly(styrene sulf... The analytical performance of H+-selective solid-contact ion-selective electrodes(SCISEs)based on solid contact polyaniline doped with chloride(PANI(Cl))and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)doped with poly(styrene sulfonate)(PEDOT(PSS))was characterized by a developed coulometric signal transduction method.PEDOT(PSS)solid contact is covered by PVC based H+-selective membrane.The obtained coulometric signal demonstrates that the cumulated charge can be amplified by increasing the capacitance of solid contact.SCISEs covered with spin-coated membrane behave faster amperometric response than electrodes with drop-cast mem-brane.In contrast to earlier works,the amperometric response and impedance spectrum demonstrates H+transfer through SCISEs is independent from the thickness of membrane.The exceptional behavior of PANI(Cl)H+-SCISEs shows that the capacitance estimated from impedance spectrum at low frequency 10 mHz and coulometric signal of PANI(Cl)based SCISEs is influenced by the applied po-tentials,whereas PEDOT(PSS)solid contact is independent from the chosen applied potentials.Furthermore,preliminary investiga-tions of coulometric signal transduction on flexible pH sensor implies its potential applications in wearable sensors for sweat ion concentration detection. 展开更多
关键词 Solid-contact ion-selective electrodes Membranes Proton transfer Conducting materials Cyclic voltammetry Coulometric response Flexible sensors Electrochemical impedance spectrum
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The Measurement of Membrane Potential and NO3 Activity in Root Cells Using Ion-Selective Microelectrodes 被引量:3
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作者 FANXiao-rong AnthonyJMiller SHENQi-rong 《Agricultural Sciences in China》 CAS CSCD 2003年第10期1097-1101,共5页
Remobilisation of nitrate in plants, especially in vacuole of plant, is mostly related to the qua- lity of agricultural products and the high nitrogen use efficiency in plants. Ion-selective microelectrodes offer a n... Remobilisation of nitrate in plants, especially in vacuole of plant, is mostly related to the qua- lity of agricultural products and the high nitrogen use efficiency in plants. Ion-selective microelectrodes offer a non-destructive and non-interruptive method to measure NO 3 gradients and electric potential differences across both the plasma membrane and tonoplast. Thus, a double-barrelled microelectrode backfilled with a membrane sensor for NO 3 embedded in poly vinyl chloride (PVC) can record the NO 3 activity in cytoplasm and vacuole of a cell. This paper presented how to make this kind of microelectrode and how to do the intracellular measurements on intact plants. Our result showed that nitrate activity was about 2.7 mmol L 1 in cytoplasm while 70 mmol L 1 in vacuole, which implicated that vacuole was a pool of nitrate in plants. 展开更多
关键词 ion-selective microelectrodes Membrane potential NO 3 activity
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Synthesis of a Tweezer-like Bis(phenylthiapropoxy)calix[4]-arene as a Cation/π Enhanced Sensor for Ion-Selective Electrodes
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作者 孙浩 曾宪顺 +7 位作者 吕监泉 冷雪冰 陈企发 徐风波 李庆山 何锡文 张文勤 张正之 《Chinese Journal of Chemistry》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2002年第10期1109-1114,共6页
Two novel 25,27-dihydroxy-26,28-bis(3-phenylthiapropoxy)-calixarene (3) and 25,27-dihydroxy-26,28-bis(3-phenylthia-propoxy)-5,11,17,23-tetra-tert-butylcalixarene (4) were synthesized for the evaluation of their ion-... Two novel 25,27-dihydroxy-26,28-bis(3-phenylthiapropoxy)-calixarene (3) and 25,27-dihydroxy-26,28-bis(3-phenylthia-propoxy)-5,11,17,23-tetra-tert-butylcalixarene (4) were synthesized for the evaluation of their ion-selectivity in ion-selective electrodes (ISEs). ISEs based on 3 and 4 as neutral ionophores were prepared, and their selectivity coefficients for Ag + (lg K pot Ag,M) were investigated against other alkali metal, alkaline-earth metal, aluminum, thallium (I), lead and some transition metal ions using the separate solution method (SSM). These ISEs showed excellent Ag + selectivity over most of the interfering cations examined, except for Hg 2+ and Fe 2+ having relative smaller interference (lg K pot Ag,M≤-2.1). 展开更多
关键词 CALIXARENES synthesis silver selectivity ion-selective electrode
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Comparison of three measurement models of soil nitrate-nitrogen based on ion-selective electrodes
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作者 Shangfeng Du Qi Pan +1 位作者 Yun Xu Shushu Cao 《International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering》 SCIE EI CAS 2020年第1期211-216,共6页
Ion-selective electrode(ISE)is a quick and low-cost method of soil nitrate nitrogen(N)detection.The measurement models of soil nitrate-N based on ISEs includes the linear regression model,multiple linear regression mo... Ion-selective electrode(ISE)is a quick and low-cost method of soil nitrate nitrogen(N)detection.The measurement models of soil nitrate-N based on ISEs includes the linear regression model,multiple linear regression model and BP neural network model,and so on.Three models were analyzed in theory,measurement experiments of validation samples and soil nitrate-N concentrations were carried out in this study,and the measurement accuracies of the three models were compared.The results showed that,in the measurement experiments of validation samples and soil nitrate-N concentrations,BP neural network model had the highest accuracy(the average relative errors between results of the BP neural network model and the reference values were 5.07%and 8.81%,respectively)among the three models,multiple linear regression model had the second highest accuracy(the average relative errors between results of the multiple linear regression model and the reference values were 7.70%and 10.51%,respectively),linear regression model couldn’t exclude the interference of chloride ions so that it had the lowest accuracy(the average relative errors between results of the linear regression model and the reference values were 11.16%and 12.28%,respectively)among the three models.The BP neural network model can effectively restrain the interference of chloride ions,and it has a high accuracy for the measurement of soil nitrate-N concentration,so that the BP neural network model can be used to measure soil nitrate-N concentration accurately. 展开更多
关键词 ion-selective electrode soil nitrate-nitrogen measurement model ACCURACY
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Macrocyclic compound as ionophores in lead(Ⅱ) ion-selective electrodes with excellent response characteristics 被引量:3
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作者 HUANG MeiRong MA XiaoLi LI XinGui 《Chinese Science Bulletin》 SCIE EI CAS 2008年第21期3255-3266,共12页
Macrocyclic compounds,such as crown ethers,azacrown ethers,thiacrown ethers,calixarenes and porphyrins,which act as ionophores in lead(Ⅱ) ion-selective electrodes,are systematically summarized based on the latest lit... Macrocyclic compounds,such as crown ethers,azacrown ethers,thiacrown ethers,calixarenes and porphyrins,which act as ionophores in lead(Ⅱ) ion-selective electrodes,are systematically summarized based on the latest literatures.The molecular structure characteristics of the ionophores are general-ized.The modification regulations for the substituted ionophores are elaborated with the purpose of improving the response features of the lead(Ⅱ) ion-selective electrodes assembled by them.It is pointed out that the introduction of pendant moieties which contain soft base coordination centers like N,S and P atoms is in favor of adjusting the cavity size and conformation of the macrocyclic com-pounds.Furthermore,there is synergic effect between the cavity and the donor sites of the ligand and thus the selective complexation of lead ions is easily realized,resulting in significant avoidance of the interference from other metal ions.The macrocyclic ionophore having the best response characteris-tics thus far was found to be N,N'-dimethylcyanodiaza-18-crown-6 with the detection limit of 7.0×10-8(14.5 μg/L),which is one of the uncommon ionophores that can really eliminate the interference from silver and mercury ions.The selectivity coefficients of the ionophore for lead ions over other metal ions,such as alkali,alkaline earth and transition metal ions are in the order of 10-4 or smaller,where the se-lectivity coefficient of lead(Ⅱ) over mercury(Ⅱ) ions is much lower,down to 8.9×10-4.The structure de-sign idea for high-performance ionophore is proposed according to present results.The incorporation of nitrogen atom,especially cyano group or thiocyano group or amino/imino groups,rather than thio atom alone could result in new excellent lead ionophores.The aborative design for metacyclophanes containing aromatic nitrogen atoms with the aim of creating excellent ionophores would also become a potential research trend.The lead(Ⅱ) ion-selective electrodes have shown widely potential applications in the potentiometric titration,and flow injection potentiometry,and in the direct determination of lead in stack emissions of lead smelters,and assay of lead in rocks,particularly in the direct measurements of trace amount of lead(Ⅱ) in human hair,blood,edible oil,food,water,and air. 展开更多
关键词 大环复合物 离子载体 电极 电路
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A drug-loaded flexible substrate improves the performance of conformal cortical electrodes 被引量:1
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作者 Rongrong Qin Tian Li +7 位作者 Yifu Tan Fanqi Sun Yuhao Zhou Ronghao Lv Xiaoli You Bowen Ji Peng Li Wei Huang 《Bio-Design and Manufacturing》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第4期399-412,共14页
Cortical electrodes are a powerful tool for the stimulation and/or recording of electrical activity in the nervous system.However,the inevitable wound caused by surgical implantation of electrodes presents bacterial i... Cortical electrodes are a powerful tool for the stimulation and/or recording of electrical activity in the nervous system.However,the inevitable wound caused by surgical implantation of electrodes presents bacterial infection and inflammatory reaction risks associated with foreign body exposure.Moreover,inflammation of the wound area can dramatically worsen in response to bacterial infection.These consequences can not only lead to the failure of cortical electrode implantation but also threaten the lives of patients.Herein,we prepared a hydrogel made of bacterial cellulose(BC),a flexible substrate for cortical electrodes,and further loaded antibiotic tetracycline(TC)and the anti-inflammatory drug dexamethasone(DEX)onto it.The encapsulated drugs can be released from the BC hydrogel and effectively inhibit the growth of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria.Next,therapeutic cortical electrodes were developed by integrating the drug-loaded BC hydrogel and nine-channel serpentine arrays;these were used to record electrocorticography(ECoG)signals in a rat model.Due to the controlled release of TC and DEX from the BC hydrogel substrate,therapeutic cortical electrodes can alleviate or prevent symptoms associated with the bacterial infection and inflammation of brain tissue.This approach facilitates the development of drug delivery electrodes for resolving complications caused by implantable electrodes. 展开更多
关键词 ANTIBACTERIAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY Drug loading Cortical electrodes Bacterial cellulose hydrogel
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Ionic Liquid-Enhanced Assembly of Nanomaterials for Highly Stable Flexible Transparent Electrodes 被引量:1
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作者 Jianmin Yang Li Chang +2 位作者 Xiqi Zhang Ziquan Cao Lei Jiang 《Nano-Micro Letters》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第7期441-455,共15页
The controlled assembly of nanomaterials has demon-strated significant potential in advancing technological devices.However,achieving highly efficient and low-loss assembly technique for nanomate-rials,enabling the cr... The controlled assembly of nanomaterials has demon-strated significant potential in advancing technological devices.However,achieving highly efficient and low-loss assembly technique for nanomate-rials,enabling the creation of hierarchical structures with distinctive func-tionalities,remains a formidable challenge.Here,we present a method for nanomaterial assembly enhanced by ionic liquids,which enables the fabrication of highly stable,flexible,and transparent electrodes featuring an organized layered structure.The utilization of hydrophobic and non-volatile ionic liquids facilitates the production of stable interfaces with water,effectively preventing the sedimentation of 1D/2D nanomaterials assembled at the interface.Furthermore,the interfacially assembled nanomaterial monolayer exhibits an alternate self-climbing behavior,enabling layer-by-layer transfer and the formation of a well-ordered MXene-wrapped silver nanowire network film.The resulting composite film not only demonstrates exceptional photoelectric performance with a sheet resistance of 9.4Ωsq^(-1) and 93%transmittance,but also showcases remarkable environmental stability and mechanical flexibility.Particularly noteworthy is its application in transparent electromagnetic interference shielding materials and triboelectric nanogenerator devices.This research introduces an innovative approach to manufacture and tailor functional devices based on ordered nanomaterials. 展开更多
关键词 Ionic liquids ASSEMBLY Silver nanowires MXene nanosheets Flexible transparent electrodes
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Recent progress of self-supported air electrodes for flexible Zn-air batteries 被引量:1
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作者 Chen Xu Yanli Niu +5 位作者 Vonika Ka-Man Au Shuaiqi Gong Xuan Liu Jianying Wang Deli Wu Zuofeng Chen 《Journal of Energy Chemistry》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第2期110-136,I0004,共28页
Smart wearable devices are regarded to be the next prevailing technology product after smartphones and smart homes,and thus there has recently been rapid development in flexible electronic energy storage devices.Among... Smart wearable devices are regarded to be the next prevailing technology product after smartphones and smart homes,and thus there has recently been rapid development in flexible electronic energy storage devices.Among them,flexible solid-state zinc-air batteries have received widespread attention because of their high energy density,good safety,and stability.Efficient bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts are the primary consideration in the development of flexible solid-state zinc-air batteries,and self-supported air cathodes are strong candidates because of their advantages including simplified fabrication process,reduced interfacial resistance,accelerated electron transfer,and good flexibility.This review outlines the research progress in the design and construction of nanoarray bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts.Starting from the configuration and basic principles of zinc-air batteries and the strategies for the design of bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts,a detailed discussion of self-supported air cathodes on carbon and metal substrates and their uses in flexible zinc-air batteries will follow.Finally,the challenges and opportunities in the development of flexible zinc-air batteries will be discussed. 展开更多
关键词 Bifunctional electrocatalysts Oxygen reduction reaction Oxygen evolution reaction Self-supported air electrodes Flexible zinc-air batteries
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A high Li-ion diffusion kinetics in multidimensional and compact-structured electrodes via vacuum filtration casting 被引量:1
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作者 Jieqiong Li Ting Ouyang +3 位作者 Lu Liu Shu Jiang Yongchao Huang M.-Sadeeq Balogun 《Journal of Energy Chemistry》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第6期368-376,I0010,共10页
Manufacturing process,diffusion co-efficient and areal capacity are the three main criteria for regulating thick electrodes for lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).However,simultaneously regulating these criteria for LIBs is ... Manufacturing process,diffusion co-efficient and areal capacity are the three main criteria for regulating thick electrodes for lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).However,simultaneously regulating these criteria for LIBs is desirable but remains a significant challenge.In this work,niobium pentoxide(Nb_(2)O_(5))anode and lithium iron phosphate(LiFePO_(4))cathode materials were chosen as the model materials and demonstrate that these three parameters can be simultaneously modulated by incorporation of micro-carbon fibers(MCF)and carbon nanotubes(CNT)with both Nb_(2)O_(5) and LFP via vacuum filtration approach.Both as-prepared MNC-20 anode and MLC-20 cathode achieves high reversible areal capacity of≈5.4 m A h cm^(-2)@0.1 C and outstanding Li-ion diffusion coefficients of≈10~(-8)cm~2 s~(-1)in the half-cell configuration.The assembled MNC-20‖MLC-20 full cell LIB delivers maximum energy and power densities of244.04 W h kg^(-1)and 108.86 W kg^(-1),respectively.The excellent electrochemical properties of the asprepared thick electrodes can be attributed to the highly conductive,mechanical compactness and multidimensional mutual effects of the MCF,CNT and active materials that facilitates rapid Li-ion diffusion kinetics.Furthermore,electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS),symmetric cells analysis,and insitu Raman techniques clearly validates the enhanced Li-ion diffusion kinetics in the present architecture. 展开更多
关键词 Thick electrodes Carbon nanotubes Li-ion diffusion co-efficient Vacuum filtration technique High areal capacity Lithium-ion batteries
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Spinal intradural electrodes: opportunities, challenges and translation to the clinic
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作者 Bruce Harland Chien Yew Kow Darren Svirskis 《Neural Regeneration Research》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2024年第3期503-504,共2页
Damage to the spinal cord disrupts the electrically active nerve cells which normally transmit afferent and efferent signals,resulting in loss of motor,sensory,and autonomic functions.Potential treatments for spinal c... Damage to the spinal cord disrupts the electrically active nerve cells which normally transmit afferent and efferent signals,resulting in loss of motor,sensory,and autonomic functions.Potential treatments for spinal cord injury utilizing implanted spinal electrodes can be broadly classified into three different categories.The first of these approaches is“spinal stimulation”where electrodes,usually positioned above the level of injury,provide electrical stimulation to target and disrupt pain signals before they reach the brain.The second approach uses“activity-dependent neuro-technologies”,in which electrodes positioned below the level of injury initiate a complex spatiotemporal pattern of stimulation at the lumbar spinal cord to generate a walking gait in the limbs(Minev et al.,2015;Wagner et al.,2018). 展开更多
关键词 STIMULATION electrodes utilizing
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Flexible capacitive pressure sensor based on interdigital electrodes with porous microneedle arrays for physiological signal monitoring
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作者 Jiahui Xu Minghao Wang +9 位作者 Minyi Jin Siyan Shang Chuner Ni Yili Hu Xun Sun Jun Xu Bowen Ji Le Li Yuhua Cheng Gaofeng Wang 《Nanotechnology and Precision Engineering》 EI CAS CSCD 2024年第1期18-31,共14页
Flexible pressure sensors have many potential applications in the monitoring of physiological signals because of their good biocompatibil-ity and wearability.However,their relatively low sensitivity,linearity,and stab... Flexible pressure sensors have many potential applications in the monitoring of physiological signals because of their good biocompatibil-ity and wearability.However,their relatively low sensitivity,linearity,and stability have hindered their large-scale commercial application.Herein,aflexible capacitive pressure sensor based on an interdigital electrode structure with two porous microneedle arrays(MNAs)is pro-posed.The porous substrate that constitutes the MNA is a mixed product of polydimethylsiloxane and NaHCO3.Due to its porous and interdigital structure,the maximum sensitivity(0.07 kPa-1)of a porous MNA-based pressure sensor was found to be seven times higher than that of an imporous MNA pressure sensor,and it was much greater than that of aflat pressure sensor without a porous MNA structure.Finite-element analysis showed that the interdigital MNA structure can greatly increase the strain and improve the sensitivity of the sen-sor.In addition,the porous MNA-based pressure sensor was found to have good stability over 1500 loading cycles as a result of its bilayer parylene-enhanced conductive electrode structure.Most importantly,it was found that the sensor could accurately monitor the motion of afinger,wrist joint,arm,face,abdomen,eye,and Adam’s apple.Furthermore,preliminary semantic recognition was achieved by monitoring the movement of the Adam’s apple.Finally,multiple pressure sensors were integrated into a 33 array to detect a spatial pressure distribu-×tion.Compared to the sensors reported in previous works,the interdigital electrode structure presented in this work improves sensitivity and stability by modifying the electrode layer rather than the dielectric layer. 展开更多
关键词 Capacitive pressure sensor Microneedle array Porous PDMS Interdigital electrode
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Amorphous Iridium Oxide-Integrated Anode Electrodes with Ultrahigh Material Utilization for Hydrogen Production at Industrial Current Densities
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作者 Lei Ding Kui Li +10 位作者 Weitian Wang Zhiqiang Xie Shule Yu Haoran Yu David ACullen Alex Keane Kathy Ayers Christopher BCapuano Fangyuan Liu Pu-Xian Gao Feng-Yuan Zhang 《Nano-Micro Letters》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第10期225-239,共15页
Herein,ionomer-free amorphous iridium oxide(IrO_(x))thin electrodes are first developed as highly active anodes for proton exchange membrane electrolyzer cells(PEMECs)via low-cost,environmentally friendly,and easily s... Herein,ionomer-free amorphous iridium oxide(IrO_(x))thin electrodes are first developed as highly active anodes for proton exchange membrane electrolyzer cells(PEMECs)via low-cost,environmentally friendly,and easily scalable electrodeposition at room temperature.Combined with a Nafion 117 membrane,the IrO_(x)-integrated electrode with an ultralow loading of 0.075 mg cm^(-2)delivers a high cell efficiency of about 90%,achieving more than 96%catalyst savings and 42-fold higher catalyst utilization compared to commercial catalyst-coated membrane(2 mg cm^(-2)).Additionally,the IrO_(x)electrode demonstrates superior performance,higher catalyst utilization and significantly simplified fabrication with easy scalability compared with the most previously reported anodes.Notably,the remarkable performance could be mainly due to the amorphous phase property,sufficient Ir^(3+)content,and rich surface hydroxide groups in catalysts.Overall,due to the high activity,high cell efficiency,an economical,greatly simplified and easily scalable fabrication process,and ultrahigh material utilization,the IrO_(x)electrode shows great potential to be applied in industry and accelerates the commercialization of PEMECs and renewable energy evolution. 展开更多
关键词 Ionomer-free Amorphous IrOx electrodes Ultrahigh material utilization Scalable electrodeposition Hydrogen production
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Understanding of the Relationship between the Properties of Cu(In,Ga)Se_(2) Solar Cells and the Structure of Ag Network Electrodes
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作者 Hyesun Yoo Hoang Van Quy +8 位作者 Inpyo Lee Seung Taek Jo Tae Ei Hong JunHo Kim Dae-Hwang Yoo Jinwook Shin Walter Commerell Dae-Hwan Kim Jong Wook Roh 《Energy & Environmental Materials》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第6期246-253,共8页
The relation between the structure of the silver network electrodes and the properties of Cu(In,Ga)Se_(2)(CIGS)solar cells is systemically investigated.The Ag network electrode is deposited onto an Al:ZnO(AZO)thin fil... The relation between the structure of the silver network electrodes and the properties of Cu(In,Ga)Se_(2)(CIGS)solar cells is systemically investigated.The Ag network electrode is deposited onto an Al:ZnO(AZO)thin film,employing a self-forming cracked template.Precise control over the cracked template's structure is achieved through careful adjustment of temperature and humidity.The Ag network electrodes with different coverage areas and network densities are systemically applied to the CIGS solar cells.It is revealed that predominant fill factor(FF)is influenced by the figure of merit of transparent conducting electrodes,rather than sheet resistance,particularly when the coverage area falls within the range of 1.3–5%.Furthermore,a higher network density corresponds to an enhanced FF when the coverage areas of the Ag networks are similar.When utilizing a thinner AZO film,CIGS solar cells with a surface area of 1.0609 cm^(2)exhibit a notable performance improvement,with efficiency increasing from 10.48%to 11.63%.This enhancement is primarily attributed to the increase in FF from 45%to 65%.These findings underscore the considerable potential for reducing the thickness of the transparent conductive oxide(TCO)in CIGS modules with implications for practical applications in photovoltaic technology. 展开更多
关键词 CIGS large-area solar cell metal mesh metallic network transparent electrode
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Potentiometric Urea Biosensor Based on Ion-Selective Electrode by Different Immobilization Procedures
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作者 Nien-Hsuan Chou Jung-Chuan Chou +1 位作者 Tai-Ping Sun Shen-Kan Hsiung 《稀有金属材料与工程》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 北大核心 2006年第A03期309-312,共4页
Enzyme was immobilized on an ammonium ion-selective electrode by different methods.An ion-selective electrode is not completely ion-specific,and interfering ions react with the ion-selective electrode membrane,alterin... Enzyme was immobilized on an ammonium ion-selective electrode by different methods.An ion-selective electrode is not completely ion-specific,and interfering ions react with the ion-selective electrode membrane,altering the measured potential.Therefore,the characteristics of the effect of other ions on ammonium ion-selective electrode-based urea biosensors are considered.Based on the experimental results,the urea biosensor based on entrapment had a high response voltage of around 189 mV and fast response time of around 16 sec.Moreover,selectivity of the urea biosensor in different interfering ions was considered to elucidate the characteristics of ammonium ion-selective electrode-based biosensors. 展开更多
关键词 enzyme immobilization ammonium ion-selective electrode interfering ions urea biosensors SELECTIVITY
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Current collectors’ effects on the electrochemical performance of LiNi_(0.6)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.2)O_(2) suspension electrodes for lithium slurry battery
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作者 Linshan Peng Yufei Ren +3 位作者 Zhaoqiang Yin Zhitong Wang Xiangkun Wu Lan Zhang 《Green Energy & Environment》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第8期1306-1313,共8页
Take after the advantages of lithium-ion battery (LIB) and redox flow battery (RFB), semi-solid flow battery (SSFB) is a promising electrochemical energy storage device in renewable energy utilization. The flowable sl... Take after the advantages of lithium-ion battery (LIB) and redox flow battery (RFB), semi-solid flow battery (SSFB) is a promising electrochemical energy storage device in renewable energy utilization. The flowable slurry electrode realizes decouple of energy and power density, while it also brings about new challenge to SSFBs, electron transport between active material and the out circuit. In this consideration, three types of current collectors (CCs) are applied to study the resistance and electrochemical performances of slurry cathodes within pouch cells for the first time. It proves that the electronic resistance (Re) between slurry electrode and the CC plays a decisive role in SSFB operation, and it is so large when Al foil is adopted that the cell cannot even work. Contact angle between Ketjen black (KB) slurry without active material (AM) and the CC is a preliminarily sign for the Re, the smaller the angle, the lower the resistance, and the better electrochemical performance of the cell. 展开更多
关键词 Semi-solid flow battery Slurry electrode Current collector Electronic resistance Carbon coated Al
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