Interest of Transcranial Doppler (TCD) in Emergency in Traumatic Brain Injury Patients at Gabriel Touré University Hospital, Bamako, Mali

Introduction: Transcranial Doppler is a simple, non-invasive and inexpensive examination which allows the assessment of cerebral perfusion. In countries with limited resources, which do not have a means of monitoring intracranial pressure, this examination offers hope of survival for patients with traumatic brain injury. This study was designed to investigate the incidence of early cerebral circulation abnormalities after traumatic brain injury using transcranial Doppler (TCD). Methodology: A descriptive and analytical study was conducted over one year, including patients with traumatic brain injury and an initial Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of less than 15. Non-inclusion criteria: Stroke, brain tumor, cerebral abscess. Exclusion criteria: Inadequate insonation window. Results: Out of 854 traumatic brain injury patients admitted to the emergency department, 112 were included in the study. The average age was 30.14 years, with a sex ratio of 4.1. Initially, 83.5% had moderate traumatic brain injury, and 12.1% had severe traumatic brain injury. Brain CT scans were performed in 95.7% of the patients. Edematous-hemorrhagic contusion was observed in 95% of the patients. On initial TCD, the pulsatility index in the middle cerebral artery was greater than 1.3 in 49.4% of the patients. Diastolic velocity was less than 20 cm/s in 46.4% of cases, and mean velocity was greater than 150 cm/s in 8.7% of cases. In this group, low diastolic velocity indicated cerebral hypoperfusion suggestive of intracranial hypertension. When the pulsatility index was greater than 1.9, no patient had a normal diastolic velocity. Among patients with severe traumatic brain injury, 61.5% had an abnormal pulsatility index compared to 42.3% of patients with moderate traumatic brain injury. Conclusion: TCD is a simple tool for analyzing intracerebral hemodynamics.

超声联合TCD技术诊断颈部动脉粥样硬化性脑梗死的临床价值

目的:探讨超声联合TCD技术诊断颈部动脉粥样硬化性脑梗死(CAEI)的临床价值。方法:以62例CAEI患者为对象,以同期62例健康人为对照组。均接受血管超声及TCD检查,分析二者诊断CAEI的价值。结果:观察组颈总动脉收缩期内径(Ds)、内中膜厚度(IMT)值高于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组Vd、Vs低于对照组,RI、PI高于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组斑块检出率为85.48%,高于对照组(19.35%,P<0.05)。模型1(Ds+IMT)诊断CAEI的AUC、灵敏度、特异度分别为0.754(95%CI:0.669-0.827)、79.03%、74.19%;模型2(Vs+Vd+RI+PI)诊断CAEI的AUC、灵敏度、特异度分别为0.814(95%CI:0.735-0.878)、82.26%、70.97%;模型3(Ds+IMT+Vs+Vd+RI+PI)诊断CAEI的AUC、灵敏度、特异度分别为0.871(95%CI:0.799-0.924)、90.32%、74.19%。模型3诊断CAEI的AUC高于模型1、模型2(P<0.05)。结论:超声联合TCD检测可了解CAEI患者的颈动脉斑块及血流信息,有助于提高诊断的准确度。

TCD监测颅内血流动力学参数评估脑血管病患者颈动脉狭窄程度及神经功能恶化的风险

目的探讨经颅射绝超声多普勒系统(TCD)监测颅内血流动力学对脑血管病患者颈动脉狭窄严重程度和神经功能恶化风险的评估价值。方法前瞻性纳入122例脑血管病患者为病例组,根据患者颈动脉狭窄程度分为轻度狭窄组(n=43)、中度狭窄组(n=47)、重度狭窄组(n=32),并纳入同期健康体检者60例为对照组,比较4组颅内血流动力学指标,并采用Pearson分析其与患者颈动脉狭窄严重程度的相关性;根据患者神经功能恶化程度分为神经功能恶化组(n=55)和神经功能未恶化组(n=67),采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析明确影响患者发生神经功能恶化的高危因素,并采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线进一步分析独立危险因素对神经功能恶化的诊断效能。结果轻、中、重度狭窄组舒张期峰值血流速度(EDV)、收缩期峰值血流速度(PSV)及平均血流速度(MV)水平均较对照组偏低,搏动指数(PI)和阻力指数(RI)较对照组偏高,有统计学差异(P<0.05);重度狭窄组PSV、MV、EDV水平较轻、中度狭窄组显著偏低,PI及RI水平显著偏高(P<0.05)。Pearson相关性分析结果显示,PSV、EDV及MV与颈动脉狭窄程度呈显著正相关(r=0.541,0.763,0.822,均P<0.05),PI及RI与颈动脉狭窄程度呈显著负相关(r=-0.133,-0.375,均P<0.05)。神经功能恶化组平均年龄、入院GCS评分、ICU停留时间及住院时长等临床指标均明显高于神经功能未恶化组(P<0.05);两组大脑中动脉血流动力学参数对比,神经功能恶化组收缩期血流速度(FVs)、PI显著高于神经功能未恶化组,FVd、平均流速(FVm)明显低于神经功能未恶化组(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析结果显示,ICU停留时间、住院时间、FVs、舒张期血流速度(FVd)、PI均是影响脑血管病患者神经功能恶化的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析结果显示,FVs、FVd、FVm及PI对预测脑血管病患者发生神经功能的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.643、0.834、0.336、0.866(均P<0.05)。诊断效能:PI>FVd>FVs>FVm。结论应用TCD对脑血管病患者颅内血流动力学参数进行监测可辅助临床评估患者的颈动脉狭窄程度,对此类患者发生神经功能病变具有较高的预测价值。

Iontophoresis-assisted corneal crosslinking using 0.1% riboflavin for progressive keratoconus

AIM：To report the clinical results of iontophoresis-assisted epithelium-on corneal crosslinking（I-CXL） using 0.1% riboflavin in distilled water for progressive keratoconus. METHODS：In this prospective clinical study, we examined 94 eyes of 75 patients with progressive keratoconus who were treated with I-CXL using 0.1% riboflavin in distilled water. Best correct visual acuity（BCVA）, Scheimpflug tomography, corneal topography, anterior segment optical coherence tomography, intraocular pressure, and endothelial cell density were evaluated at baseline and 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 mo after I-CXL.RESULTS：After 24 mo I-CXL, compared to the level at baseline, BCVA significantly improved 0.14±0.07（P=0.010）; mean keratometry signifi cantly decreased 0.72±1.97（P=0.021）; maximum keratometry significantly reduced 2.30±5.01（P=0.014）; central keratoconus index significantly reduced 0.04±0.08（P=0.007）. The demarcation line was visible in 83.1% of eyes at 1mo after treatment, with a depth of 298.95±51.97 μm, and gradually indistinguishable. One eye had repeat treatment. Intraocular pressure and endothelial cell density did not change significantly.CONCLUSION：I-CXL using 0.1% riboflavin halts keratoconus progression within 24 mo, resulting in a significant improvement in visual and topographic parameters. Moreover, the depth of the demarcation line is similar to that previously reported in standard epithelium-off CXL procedures.

Clinical and microstructural changes with different iontophoresis-assisted corneal cross-linking methods for keratoconus

AIM: To compare the clinical and microstructural changes induced by different transepithelial iontophoresis-assisted corneal cross-linking(I-CXL) methods for keratoconus. METHODS: A total of 42 eyes of 42 patients with progressive keratoconus were divided into two groups. Group A received I-CXL for 5 min, while group B received I-CXL for 10 min. Visual acuity, optical coherence tomography(OCT), specular microscopy and confocal microscopy were evaluated preoperatively and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 mo postoperatively. RESULTS: Twelve months after the operation, uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA) and corrected distance visual acuity(CDVA) were improved in both groups, with a better outcome in the I-CXL 10 min group(P=0.025, 0.021, respectively). Kmax values decreased by 0.94±3.00 D in the I-CXL 10 min group(P=0.033) but increased by 1.87±3.29 D in the I-CXL 5 min group(P=0.012). OCT scans showed that the demarcation line was most visible and substantially deeper in the I-CXL 10 min group. Confocal microscopy showed greater anterior stromal keratocyte decreases in the I-CXL 10 min group than in the I-CXL 5 min group at 3 and 6 mo postoperatively(P<0.001); however, anterior stromal keratocytes and subbasal nerve density were not significantly different between the two groups at 12 mo postoperatively. CONCLUSION: I-CXL for 10 min more effectively halts the progression of keratoconus than I-CXL for 5 min after 12 mo of follow-up. However, long-term studies are needed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of I-CXL.

Efficacy of iontophoresis-assisted epithelium-on corneal cross-linking for keratoconus

Corneal cross-linking（CXL） is a noninvasive therapeutic procedure for keratoconus that is aimed at improving corneal biomechanical properties by induction of covalent cross-links between stromal proteins. It is accomplished by ultraviolet A（UVA） radiation of the cornea, which is first saturated with photosensitizing riboflavin. It has been shown that standard epithelium-off CXL（S-CXL） is efficacious, and it has been recommended as the standard of care procedure for keratoconus. However, epithelial removal leads to pain, transient vision loss, and a higher risk of corneal infection. To avoid these disadvantages, transepithelial CXL was developed. Recently, iontophoresis has been adopted to increase riboflavin penetration through the epithelium. Several clinical observations have demonstrated the safety and efficacy of iontophoresisassisted epithelium-on CXL（I-CXL） for keratoconus. This review aimed to provide a comprehensive summary of the published studies regarding I-CXL and a comparison between I-CXL and S-CXL. All articles used in this review were mainly retrieved from the Pub Med database. Original articles and reviews were selected if they were related to the I-CXL technique or related to the comparison between I-CXL and S-CXL.

5% Ibuprofen Iontophoresis Compared with Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation in the Management of Knee Osteoarthritis: A Feasibility Study

Objective: The study compared the inclusions of 5% ibuprofen iontophoresis and Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve stimulation (TENS) in the management of osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee joint. Subjects and Methods: Patients diagnosed with knee OA and referred for physiotherapy at a tertiary health facility in Accra, Ghana participated in the study. They were alternately assigned into either TENS or iontophoresis groups. Patients in TENS Group received conventional TENS mode while those in iontophoresis group were treated with 5% ibuprofen iontophoresis using galvanic electrical current. Both protocols were performed twice weekly for six weeks in addition to their prescribed therapeutic exercises. 15-minute walking time, Numerical Rating Scale and Goniometer were used as the main outcome measures to determine subjects’ walking speed, pain and active range of motion (AROM) respectively. Treatment evaluation was performed at baseline, week 3 and week 6 by an independent assessor. Comparisons of variables within and between groups were tested using Friedman’s mean rank and Mann-Whitney U tests respectively at p 0.05) for all the outcome measures. Conclusion: 5% ibuprofen iontophoresis and TENS add equal therapeutic value in the management of knee OA. Consideration of both modalities as adjuncts to therapeutic exercises is therefore worthwhile for managing the condition.

Iontophoresis-assisted versus standard corneal crosslinking for progressive keratoconus

Background:To compare the safety and efficacy of iontophoresis-assisted epithelial-on corneal crosslinking(I-CXL)using 0.1%riboflavin-distilled water solution with standard epithelium-off corneal crosslinking(S-CXL)for progressive keratoconus.Methods:In a retrospective analysis,progressive keratoconus patients treated with I-CXL(17 eyes of 17 patients)or S-CXL(13 eyes of 13 patients)were included.All patients were followed up at least 12 months.All patients underwent detailed ophthalmologic examinations involving pre-and postoperative visual acuity,topographic parameters and pachymetry.Intra-and postoperative complications were recorded.Results:No statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups at baseline with respect to visual acuity,age and thinnest corneal thickness(TCT).The postoperative decreases of K1 and Kmean in the S-CXL group represented statistically significantly better results than in the I-CXL group(t=2.093 and 2.123,P=0.046 and 0.043,respectively).Alterations of other parameters showed no significant differences between the two groups.There were no failure cases in the two groups.Conclusions:I-CXL using 0.1%riboflavin-distilled water solution provided effective treatment for progressive keratoconus at 12-month follow-up.However,the decreases of K1 and Kmean caused by I-CXL were less than those by S-CXL.Although treatment time,postoperative patient pain and risk of infection in I-CXL are all less than those in S-CXL,I-CXL is unable to completely replace S-CXL for progressive keratoconus temporarily.

Pial iontophoresis of ferric chloride versus cortical ferric chloride injection in establishing iron-induced posttraumatic epilepsy animal models

BACKGROUND： In order to study the pathogenesis of iron-induced posttraumatic epilepsy （PTE）, foreign scholars have established several kinds of PTE animal models, among which, the iron- induced PTE animal models proposed by Willmore is the most famous. The iron-induced PTE animal models can be established by two methods： one is cortical ferric chloride injection （CFCI） and the other one is pial iontophoresis of ferric chloride （PIFC）. Because Willmore did not give out the elaboration of the behaviors and electroencephalograms （EEGs） of the iron induced PTE animal models established by these two methods, so we have known little about these animal models. OBJECTIVE： To observe the behaviors and EEGs of the iron-induced PTE animal models established by PIFC and CFCI, in order to compare the differences and the study value of these two methods. DESIGN： Qualitative controlled observation tria SETTING： Department of Neurosurgery, Urumqi General Hospital, Lanzhou Military Area Command of Chinese PLA. MATERIALS： Forty healthy adult male SD rats, weighing 200 to 250 g, were involved in this experiment. Reagents and instruments： Ferric chloride （FeCl3·6H2O, Sigma USA）, rat stereotaxic apparatus （ASI company, USA）, the wireless blue tooth electroencephlograms recording system （Nuocheng electric Co.Ltd, Shanghai）, a set of air turbine dental drill unit, dental base acrylic resin powder, microinjector （50 μL）, amperemeter （1 mA）, a pair of batteries, electric resistance （200 kΩ） , variable resistance （100 kΩ）, tubule with endo-meridians of 2 mm （used as import tube）, several silver wire segments and several acupuncture needles were employed in this study. METHODS： This study was carried out in the Experimental Animal Center of the Urumqi General Hospital, Lanzhou Military Area Command of Chinese PLA between November 2004 and April 2005. Establishing the PET animal models by CFCI method： Twenty SD rats were taken, intraperitoneally anesthetized with 50 mg/kg barbanylum and fixed on stereotaxic apparatus. A cranial burr hole with the diameter of 2 mm was drilled 3 mm behind the coronal suture and 2 mm lateral to the sagittal line on the left cranium. Another 5 cranial burr holes with diameter of 2 mm were drilled to place electrodes. The positions of holes were set that taking bregma as original point, sagittal line as Y-axis, the line through the original point and vertical to the Y-axis as X-axis. The unit of the coordinate axis was mm. The coordinate value of the electrodes were （4, 0）, （4, -6）, （-4, 0）, （-4, -6）, at last, a hole with the diameter of 2 mm was drilled on the center of the coronale. 5 μL ferric chloride solution （FeCl3, 100 mmol/L, pH 1.5） was injected into the sensorimotor cortex of rats using microinjector within 5 minutes. The needling depth was 3 mm. The needle was retained for 5 minutes so as to prevent the outflow of liquid. Establishing the PTE animal models by PIFC method： Twenty SD rats were chosen and weighed, and the procedures after weighing were as above.A cranial burr hole with the diameter of 4 mm was drilled in the position where needle inserted in animal models established by CFCI method. Cerebral dura mater was cut. Another 5 holes were drilled to place electrodes in the same position as above. The tip of tubule cotton stuffed inside （to prevent the rapid flow of FeCl3 solution, 100 mmol/L, pH 1.5） was gently connected to cerebral pia mater. The positive and negative electrodes of the amperemeter whose output current was 100 μA were connected to acupuncture needles. The acupuncture needle, which was connected to positive electrode, was inserted into ferric chloride solution, and that which was connected to negative electrode was inserted into the right forelimb of rats subcutaneously. The rats were galvanized for 10 minutes. Record of EEG： The silver wire with blunt anterior extremity was placed on the cerebral dura mater. Then, silver wire and cranial bones were firmly fixed with dental base acrylic resin power. The other side was connected to the wireless blue tooth electroencephlograms recording system to monitor EEG changes. Assessment criteria of seizure degree： Grade Ⅰ ： ＂wet dog-like＂ shudder, facial muscle convulsion and chewing;Grade Ⅱ： rhythmical nodding：Grade Ⅲ： forelimb clonus：Grade Ⅳ： forelimb clonus while standing： Grade Ⅴ： lost the balance, vert, limb＇s convulsion and the whole body＇s tic. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Behaviors and EEGs changes of iron-induced PTE animal models established by PTFC and CFCI. RESULTS： All the 40 rats were involved in the result analysis. （1） The changes of the behaviors： The two animal models both had the epileptic seizures. The epileptic seizure of the animal model established by PIFC mainly presented automatic behavior of chewing, and facial muscle convulsion accompanied with chewing. Epileptic seizure reached the peak within 2.5 to 7 hours after model establishing.It was gradually decreased within 24 hours and hardly seen 1 day after model establishing. The epileptic seizure of the rat model established by CFCI mainly presented turnover upspring and limbs＇ convulsion and urinary incontinence accompanied. The epileptic seizure reached the peak within 3 to 8 hours.It was relatively frequent within 1 week and gradually decreased within 2 weeks after model establishing. The PTE animal models established by CFCI were more closed to clinical PTE process. （2） The form of seizures： The epileptic seizures of the rat model established by PIFC mainly presented grade Ⅰ , seldom presented grades Ⅲ, Ⅳ and Ⅴ; The epileptic seizures of rat model established by CFCI mainly presented the head turning to the right, body＇s rotation, then appeared as grades Ⅳ and Ⅴ, and the whole procedure lasted 1 minute. At the interval of big seizures, grade Ⅰ was observed. From the respect of seizure manifestation, the PTE models established by CFCI were more similar to human PTE. （3） EEGs changes： The sharp waves with average frequency of 9.66 Hz and average amplitude of 183.90 μV were observed on the EEGs of the model established by PIFC when the rats were suffering seizures. The spike waves with average frequency of 16.01 Hz and average amplitude of 143.60 μV were observed on the EEGs of the model established by CFCI when the rats were suffering seizures. CONCLUSTON： （1）Iron-induced PTE rat model is stable and credible. （2）Compared with PTE animal model established by PIFC, PTE animal model established by CFCI is a chronic animal model, and its seizure manifestation is more similar to human PTE. so it is worth further studies.

Effects of ginger moxibustion combined with Chinese medicine iontophoresis on patients with primary dysmenorrhea

Objective:To observe the effects of Ginger moxibustion combined with iontophoresis with traditional Chinese medicine on the improvement of symptoms, serum platelet activating factor (PAF) level and uterine artery pulsation index in patients with primary dysmenorrhea.Methods 114 patients with primary dysmenorrhea who were treated in our hospital from August 2017 to February 2019 were divided into two groups according to the different treatment schemes. 57 patients in the control group were treated with ibuprofen capsules, and 57 patients in the study group were treated with Ginger moxibustion combined with iontophoresis with traditional Chinese medicine. After three menstrual cycles of treatment, the curative effect was evaluated and the improvement of symptoms was counted. PAF, PAF-AH and platelet adhesion rate were compared, uterine artery hemodynamics was measured, and levels of serum hs-CRP and IL-6 were measured.Results The overall response rate of the study group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05). After treatment, the scores of different symptoms in the two groups were significantly lower than those before treatment (P < 0.05), and the scores of different symptoms in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). After treatment, PAF and platelet adhesion rate in the two groups were significantly lower than those before treatment (P < 0.05), PAF-AH was significantly higher than that before treatment (P < 0.05), and PAF and platelet adhesion rate in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05), PAF-AH was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05). After treatment, the pulsation index, resistance index and peak systolic-diastolic ratio in the study group were significantly lower than those before treatment (P < 0.05), and the pulsation index, resistance index and peak systolic-diastolic ratio in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). After treatment, the levels of serum hs-CRP and IL-6 in the two groups were significantly lower than those before treatment (P < 0.05), and the levels of serum hs-CRP and IL-6 in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05).Conclusions Ginger moxibustion combined with iontophoresis with traditional Chinese medicine is helpful to improve the overall response rate of primary dysmenorrhea treatment, reduce the score levels of different symptoms, rationally improve PAF, PAF-AH, platelet adhesion rate, and the pulse index, resistance index, peak systolic-diastolic ratio are decreased significantly, and serum hs-CRP and IL-6 levels tend to be normal.

Relationship between transdermal energy of electroporation and iontophoresis and permeably fluxes of tetracaini hydrochlordum and naproxenum

Transdermal drug delivery (TDD) using electroporation is an attractive novel method of facilitated transport of compounds across skin that a short electrical pulse is applied to the skin, forcing the creation of a reversible transient aqueous pore to enhance drugs transdermal permeability. Most of prior researches are difficult to put into the practical use, such as stimulation for user and designing electroporater apparatus for TDD, due to pulse with high intensive. In this paper, the effect of electroporative energy on the transdermal fluxes of Tetracaini Hydrochlordum (TH) and Naproxenum is studied to explore a way of electroporative technique with low voltage. We applied a 120 V and 4.2 J square pulse to SD male rats skin on abdomen, the transdermal flux of TH increased 5.1 times more than the passive transport. While a 400 V and 37.6 J exponential decaying pulse was employed to same skin, the transdermal flux of Naproxenum was 3.5 times than passive transport. The results show that: (1) drugs transdermal permeably flux will create a saturation as the electroporative energy raises to threshold; (2) the transdermal energy efficiency (F/E value) declines as time extends; and (3) the effect of electroporation is concerned with the transdermal energy and drugs characteristics, electroporation is more effective than iontophoresis for TH, but conversely for Naproxenum.

TCD发泡试验在诊断隐源性脑卒中相关危险因素PFO中的应用研究

研究TCD发泡试验在隐源性脑卒中中相关危险因素PFO应用效果开展诊断评估。方法 选择我院2019-2023年所接受到的80名隐源性脑卒中患者为分析对象,比较患者经颅多普勒超声(TCD)发泡试验和经胸心脏超声心动图(TTE)检查结果阳性率和影像学特征。结果 TCD发泡试验在隐源性脑卒中相关危险因素卵圆孔未闭(PFO)阳性率检出率和TTE阳性检出率检查方面,检查具备统计学意义。在TCD发泡试验对隐源性脑卒中脑卒中相关危险因素中PFO阳性和阴性患者检查内,阳性患者梗死病大部分出现在皮层、皮层下区域,阴性患者主要出现深部灰质区域。结论 TCD发泡试验可以有效检测出由于PFO该危险因素造成隐源性脑卒中,PFO阳性病灶大部分位于皮层、皮层下区域,就隐源性脑卒中相关危险因素PFO筛查、诊断、病因研究等角度具备关键意义,适宜临床推广与应用。

TCD发泡试验在卵圆孔未闭中的应用

对卵圆孔未闭采用TCD发泡实验,做好效果分析。方法 通过选取本院收治的隐源性卒中患者42例,患者在入院后进行MRI以及CT检查,采用TCD发泡实验,做好阳性率情况的比较。结果 通过对42例患者进行检查,其中阳性率为88.4%。卵圆孔直径在1-3mm之间。结论 对卵圆孔未闭采用TCD发泡实验,能够更好的探查卒中,明确隐源性脑梗的发生概率,整体效果良好,为患者预后提供一定基础。

TCD5 Enhances the Photosynthesis Capacity,Increases the Panicle Number and the Yield in Rice

Improvement of photosynthetic efficiency is a major approach to increase crop yield potential.Previously,we cloned a gene encoding the chloroplast-located putative monooxygenase TCD5,which is essential in plastid development under low temperature in rice(Oryza sativa L.).In this study,the effects of TCD5 on the photosynthesis and the yields were investigated in rice.Two sets of genetic materials with three levels of TCD5 expression,including tcd5 mutant or TCD5 RNAi transgenic lines and TCD5 over-expression transgenic lines in Jiahua1 and Nipponbare backgrounds,were used in the field trails of multi-locations and multi-years.TCD5 positively affected the panicle number and the yield at dosage.Compared with the wild-types,the panicle numbers were 12.4%-14.6%less in tcd5 mutant and 8.3%-38.6%less in TCD5 RNAi lines,but 26.2%-61.8%more in TCD5 over-expression lines.The grain yields per plant were 9.1%-18.4%less in tcd5 mutant and 14.3%-56.7%less in TCD5 RNAi lines,but 6.9%-56.5%more in TCD5 over-expression lines.The measurements of net photosynthetic rate indicated that mutation or knock down of TCD5 decreased the net photosynthetic rate by 10.4%and 15.6%,respectively,while increasing it by 8.9%and 8.7%in the TCD5 over-expression lines in Jiahua1 and Nipponbare backgrounds,respectively.Accordingly,the measurements of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters showed that the electron transport rate and quantum yield decreased in tcd5 mutant or TCD5 RNAi lines but increased in TCD5 overexpression lines,both in Jiahua1 and Nipponbare backgrounds.IP-MS screening revealed that TCD5 interacts with 29 chloroplast proteins involved in chlorophyll synthesis,photo-reactions of the photosynthesis,carbon assimilation and metabolism,energy metabolism,redox balance,protein synthesis and transportation.Two TCD5 interacted proteins,D1 and FBA were effective targets for improving photosynthesis.These results suggest a potentially new strategy for increasing rice yield by enhancing photosynthesis.

可穿戴汗液传感器系统的研究进展

在新材料和新技术广泛应用的背景下,柔性可穿戴汗液监测设备成为当前国内外研究的热点。目前,基于柔性可穿戴设备的汗液检测一般需要3个环节:汗液的取样、目标分析物的选择性检测以及系统的集成与控制。本文主要从汗液原位检测的优势出发,总结了汗液的刺激和提取的方法,并对电化学类的汗液传感器的研究进展进行多角度的分析与评价。最后讨论了可穿戴的汗液传感器存在的不足,以及未来系统的发展方向。

托莫西汀联合感觉统合训练治疗注意缺陷多动障碍患儿效果及对TCD参数、动态肌电图的影响

目的:探讨托莫西汀联合感觉统合训练治疗注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)患儿效果及对经颅多普勒超声检查(TCD)参数、动态肌电图的影响。方法:按随机数字表法将2021年9月至2022年9月我院收治的60例ADHD患儿分为两组,各30例。对照组采用托莫西汀治疗,研究组在对照组基础上加用感觉统合训练治疗,对比两组临床疗效、TCD参数[大脑基底动脉(BA)、左侧中动脉(MCA-L)、左侧前动脉(ACA-L)、左侧后动脉(PCA-L)]、儿童感觉统合能力发展评定量表评分、中文版注意缺陷多动障碍评定量表-父母版(SNAP-IV)评分和不良反应。结果:研究组治疗后总有效率高于对照组(P<0.05);两组治疗后BA对比,无统计学差异(P>0.05);研究组治疗后MCA-L、ACA-L、PCA-L高于对照组(P<0.05);研究组治疗后儿童感觉统合能力发展评定量表评分高于对照组(P<0.05);研究组治疗后SNAP-IV评分低于对照组(P<0.05);两组治疗期间均无严重不良反应发生。结论:托莫西汀联合感觉统合训练可有效提升ADHD患儿的注意力和感觉统合能力,促进大脑动脉局部灌注的恢复,利于纠正患儿行为抑制缺陷,值得在临床上推广和应用。

中药离子导入联合穴位贴敷对膝骨关节炎患者步态行走及致痛因子表达的影响

目的观察中药离子导入联合穴位贴敷对膝骨关节炎康复效果和步态行走及致痛因子表达的影响。方法将80例膝骨关节炎患者按照随机数字表法分为2组,治疗组40例予中药离子导入联合穴位贴敷治疗,对照组40例予艾瑞昔布片口服。2组均治疗4周。比较2组治疗前后可溶性白细胞介素2受体(sIL-2R)、降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)、可溶性细胞间黏附分子1(sICAM-1)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、骨碱性磷酸酶(BALP)、核转录因子κB受体活化因子配体(RANKL)、甲壳质酶蛋白40(YKL-40)、神经肽Y(NPY)、6-酮前列腺素E_(1α)(6-keto-PGE_(1α))、过氧化脂质(LPO)、总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)水平,以及膝关节运动功能Lysholm量表(LKSS)、Berg平衡量表(BBS)、西安大略和麦克马斯特大学(WOMAC)骨关节炎指数、关节炎生活质量测量量表(AIMS2-SF)评分,并统计2组疗效。结果治疗组总有效率95.00%(38/40),对照组总有效率82.50%(33/40),治疗组临床疗效优于对照组(P<0.05)。2组治疗后sICAM-1、sIL-2R、TNF-α水平均较本组治疗前降低(P<0.05),且治疗组治疗后均低于对照组(P<0.05)。2组治疗后T-AOC、SOD水平均较本组治疗前升高(P<0.05),且治疗组治疗后均高于对照组(P<0.05),2组治疗后LPO水平均较本组治疗前降低(P<0.05),且治疗组治疗后低于对照组(P<0.05)。2组治疗后CGRP、NPY、6-keto-PGE_(1α)水平均较本组治疗前降低(P<0.05),且治疗组治疗后均低于对照组(P<0.05)。2组治疗后RANKL、YKL-40水平均较本组治疗前降低(P<0.05),且治疗组治疗后均低于对照组(P<0.05),2组治疗后BALP水平均较本组治疗前升高(P<0.05),且治疗组治疗后高于对照组(P<0.05)。2组治疗后BBS、LKSS、AIMS2-SF评分均较本组治疗前升高(P<0.05),且治疗组治疗后均高于对照组(P<0.05),2组治疗后WOMAC评分均较本组治疗前降低(P<0.05),且治疗组治疗后低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论中药离子导入联合穴位贴敷治疗膝骨关节炎患者,可改善炎症,减少氧化反应,降低致痛因子水平,改善RANKL、YKL-40、BALP水平,改善膝关节功能及步态行走,提升临床疗效及生活质量。

TCD发泡试验在肝硬化门静脉高压患者中的临床价值探讨

探讨经颅多普勒(transcranialDoppler,TCD)发泡试验在肝硬化门静脉高压患者中的临床价值。方法 收集2021年5月~2023年4月玉林市红十字会医院消化内科收治肝硬化门静脉高压患者141例作为观察组,选择同期门诊就诊健康体检者58例作为对照组,两组均进行发泡试验,记录观察组和对照组发泡试验阳性率并对比分析,同时将肝硬化门静脉高压伴和不伴食管胃静脉曲张出血的发泡试验阳性率、不同肝功能分级发泡试验阳性率进行比较,分析其差异性。结果 门静脉高压患者发泡试验阳性率高于健康者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血发泡试验阳性率低于非食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血,P<0.05。结论 在肝硬化门静脉高压患者中,进行TCD发泡试验具有临床应用的价值。该试验可以作为一种新的指导方法,用于在内镜下治疗食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血时提供指导。

偏头痛患者采用TCD发泡试验筛查卵圆孔未闭的价值分析与探讨

探讨分析偏头痛患者的TCD发泡试验筛查卵圆孔未闭的临床表现,针对偏头痛患者的卵圆孔功能进行判断,为患者的诊断提供进一步的参考方案。方法 本次研究在进行实验设置时,选择实验时间段为2019年6月,至2022年3月,研究人员在该时段内将我院资料登记有效的偏头痛患者共计80名作为研究对象,选择同期内院中接受健康体检的成人共计80名作为对照对象。研究人员在针对所有患者的一般资料进行记录后,针对患者进行TCD发泡试验筛查卵圆孔未闭检查,诊断完成后,研究人员针对患者的TCD发泡试验筛查卵圆孔未闭指标进行评价,分析组间差异。结果 在本次研究结果中显示,相较于对照组来说,实验组内患者的TCD发泡试验筛查卵圆孔未闭结果中发生率明显更高,数据进行对比分析后,差异显著,具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 偏头痛患者的TCD发泡试验可以用于筛查卵圆孔未闭。在本次结果中表明卵圆孔未闭与偏头痛之间存在相关性。这项检查可以为偏头痛患者的诊断提供重要的参考信息,特别是在考虑手术干预或其他治疗方案时。TCD发泡试验可用于评估偏头痛患者的卵圆孔功能和筛查卵圆孔未闭。这一方法对于指导偏头痛患者的诊断和治疗决策具有重要的临床意义。

脑梗死患者行经颅多普勒超声(TCD)与颈部血管超声(CUS)联合诊断效果分析

对脑梗死患者予以领出啊来检查,分析经颅多普勒超声与颈部血管超声联合诊断结果。方法 本次研究对收入的脑梗死患者、同期接受医院检查的健康体检对象予以诊断对比,均接受经颅多普勒超声与颈部血管超声检查,对比诊断结果。结果 对比诊断结果:经颅多普勒超声、联合检查、金标准检查的血管狭窄检出率差异不大,分别和金标准检查对比,(p>0.05),无统计学意义。结论 经颅多普勒超声检查和颈部血管超声联合检查方式可帮助脑梗死患者及时诊断出疾病,临床的误诊率、漏诊率较低,联合检查和金标准检查结果差异不大,(p<0.05),有统计学意义。