Distribution and variability of n-alkanes in waxes of conifers

Epicuticular waxes have vital roles in the growth and development of plants and in defense. Conifers have a considerable amount of waxes on their cones and leaves.Here we characterized the n-alkane composition of Iranian conifers, including Juniperus oblonga, J. foetidissima, J.sabina, J. communis subsp. hemisphaerica, J. excelsa,Cupressus sempervirens, Platycladus orientalis from Cupressaceae and Taxus baccata from Taxaceae for the first time using GC-FID analyses. In the waxes, 25 n-alkane homologs with chain lengths ranging from C7 to C32 were identified. Short-chain n-alkanes were dominant in almost all samples with some exceptions. Complementary studies to elucidate complete wax constituents of Iranian conifers and n-alkane distribution pattern as a function of geographical and bioclimatic variables are recommended.

永置井下压力温度监测系统在伊朗Y油田的应用

伊朗Y油田储层埋藏深、油藏压力和温度高,产出地层流体中的沥青和蜡含量较高。油井在生产过程中,沥青和蜡会因温度、压力沿着井筒的降低而析出,导致生产管柱堵塞。为防止沥青和蜡的析出,保证长时间生产,压力、温度控制就变得尤为重要。为此,Y油田引进和应用了永置井下压力温度监测系统,对井底压力和温度进行实时监测,为生产管理和产能优化提供了依据。介绍了永置井下压力温度监测系统的组成及功能,分析了Y油田应用永置井下压力温度监测系统的必要性、温度压力对沥青和蜡析出的影响,对永置井下压力温度系统在Y油田的应用及其所起的作用进行了介绍。

活性白土对伊朗蜡的脱色研究

采用活性白土吸附法对伊朗蜡进行脱色处理,利用赛波特比色计法对其脱色效果进行了表征,探究活性白土加入量、吸附时间、吸附温度等因素对其脱色效果的影响,并比较了脱色前后伊朗蜡的熔点和组成。实验结果表明活性白土吸附对伊朗蜡脱色的最佳工艺条件如下:活性白土用量为20%,吸附温度为110℃,吸附时间为60 min,脱色后的伊朗蜡的赛波特颜色为+17,满足半精炼石蜡的色度要求。脱色前后伊朗蜡的熔点由52.10℃降低到51.90℃,平均相对分子质量降低了0.37。