Iris pseudacorus is a widely cultivated and studied ornamental plant with a large biomass,strong adaptability and extensive management.Moreover,it has the ability to decontaminate and enrich heavy metals.However,few s...Iris pseudacorus is a widely cultivated and studied ornamental plant with a large biomass,strong adaptability and extensive management.Moreover,it has the ability to decontaminate and enrich heavy metals.However,few studies have been conducted on its submergence tolerance with little known about the molecular response of I.pseudacorus to flooding.Morphologically,I.pseudacorus had strong adaptability to waterlogging,the aerenchyma was gradually enlarged and adventitious roots developed between 0 and 14 d.The transcriptome data showed that the differentially expressed genes counts in plants flooded for 2 h,4 h,12 h and 24 h compared with the unflooded controls were 3555,9439,10734,and 4997,respectively.For GO term entries enriched by different genes,many biological processes,cell components and molecular processes in the I.pseudacorus roots were affected by flooding stress.Pathways enrichment analysis showed DEGs involved in hormone signal transduction pathways,glucose metabolism,glycolysis,and fermentation.The quantitative real-time PCR analysis of DEGs was basically consistent with the trend of transcriptome data,indicating reliability of the transcriptome data.The transcriptome analysis showed that formation of aerenchyma and adventitious roots was mainly induced by IAA(auxin)and accompanied by other hormone signals.Energy production was the primary coping mechanism of I.pseudacorus when aerenchyma was not sufficiently enlarged under water flooding.These results laid a foundation for further study on the mechanism of submerging-tolerance of I.pseudacorus and other aquatic plants.展开更多
[Objectives]This study was conducted to discuss the Pb-enrichment ability of Iris pseudacorus,and reveal the effects of different concentrations of Pb stress on the physiological metabolism of I.pseudacorus.[Methods]I...[Objectives]This study was conducted to discuss the Pb-enrichment ability of Iris pseudacorus,and reveal the effects of different concentrations of Pb stress on the physiological metabolism of I.pseudacorus.[Methods]I.pseudacorus L.as a test material was cultured by the nutrient solution culture method and analyzed for malondialdehyde(MDA),glutathione(GSH),cysteine(Cys)and proline(Pro)contents of plant leaves as well as catalase(CAT)and superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity under different concentrations of Pb stress(0,200,400,600,800,1000,1200 mg/L).[Results]With the increase of Pb concentration,the Pb content of leaves and roots gradually increased,and the order of increase was root>leaf.Roots and leaves reached maximums at the high concentration of 1200 mg/L Pb,and their contents were 9034.6 and 11.2 mg/kg,respectively.Under Pb stress,the contents of GSH,Cys and Pro,and the activity of CAT and SOD in I.pseudacorus showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the increase of Pb concentration,and each index reached a maximum under the treatment of 400 mg/L.The level of MDA in the leaves of I.pseudacorus rose significantly under Pb stress,indicating that Pb stress caused the cell membrane of I.pseudacorus to be damaged by peroxidation.[Conclusions]This study provides a theoretical basis for further research and use of this plant for metal pollution remediation in the future.展开更多
Quantitative real-time PCR(qPCR)is an effective and widely used method to analyze expression patterns of target genes.Selection of stable reference genes is a prerequisite for accurate normalization of target gene exp...Quantitative real-time PCR(qPCR)is an effective and widely used method to analyze expression patterns of target genes.Selection of stable reference genes is a prerequisite for accurate normalization of target gene expression by qRT-PCR.In Iris germanica L.,no studies have yet been published regarding the evaluation of potential reference genes.In this study,nine candidate reference genes were assessed at different flower developmental stages and in different tissues by four different algorithms(GeNorm,NormFinder,BestKeeper,and RefFinder).The results revealed that ACT11(Actin 11)and EF1α(Elongation factor 1 alpha)were the most stable reference genes in different tissues,whereas TUA(Tubulin alpha)and UBC9(Ubiquitin-protein ligase 9)were the most stable ones in different flower developmental stages.UBC9 and ACT11 were the most stable reference genes in all of the tested samples,while the SAMDC(S-Adenosylmethionine decarboxylase)showed the least stability.Finally,to validate the suitability of the selected reference genes,the relative expression level of IgTPS(beta-caryophyllene synthase)was assessed and highlighted the importance of suitable reference gene selection.This work constitutes the first systematic evaluation of potential reference genes in I.germanica and provides guidelines for future research on gene function and molecular mechanisms on I.germanica and related species.展开更多
基金the Ph.D.Program of Sichuan Agricultural University(Grant No.63670010).
文摘Iris pseudacorus is a widely cultivated and studied ornamental plant with a large biomass,strong adaptability and extensive management.Moreover,it has the ability to decontaminate and enrich heavy metals.However,few studies have been conducted on its submergence tolerance with little known about the molecular response of I.pseudacorus to flooding.Morphologically,I.pseudacorus had strong adaptability to waterlogging,the aerenchyma was gradually enlarged and adventitious roots developed between 0 and 14 d.The transcriptome data showed that the differentially expressed genes counts in plants flooded for 2 h,4 h,12 h and 24 h compared with the unflooded controls were 3555,9439,10734,and 4997,respectively.For GO term entries enriched by different genes,many biological processes,cell components and molecular processes in the I.pseudacorus roots were affected by flooding stress.Pathways enrichment analysis showed DEGs involved in hormone signal transduction pathways,glucose metabolism,glycolysis,and fermentation.The quantitative real-time PCR analysis of DEGs was basically consistent with the trend of transcriptome data,indicating reliability of the transcriptome data.The transcriptome analysis showed that formation of aerenchyma and adventitious roots was mainly induced by IAA(auxin)and accompanied by other hormone signals.Energy production was the primary coping mechanism of I.pseudacorus when aerenchyma was not sufficiently enlarged under water flooding.These results laid a foundation for further study on the mechanism of submerging-tolerance of I.pseudacorus and other aquatic plants.
基金Key R&D Project of Shanxi Province(201903D221070)Applied Basic Research Project of Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences(YBSJJ2017).
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to discuss the Pb-enrichment ability of Iris pseudacorus,and reveal the effects of different concentrations of Pb stress on the physiological metabolism of I.pseudacorus.[Methods]I.pseudacorus L.as a test material was cultured by the nutrient solution culture method and analyzed for malondialdehyde(MDA),glutathione(GSH),cysteine(Cys)and proline(Pro)contents of plant leaves as well as catalase(CAT)and superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity under different concentrations of Pb stress(0,200,400,600,800,1000,1200 mg/L).[Results]With the increase of Pb concentration,the Pb content of leaves and roots gradually increased,and the order of increase was root>leaf.Roots and leaves reached maximums at the high concentration of 1200 mg/L Pb,and their contents were 9034.6 and 11.2 mg/kg,respectively.Under Pb stress,the contents of GSH,Cys and Pro,and the activity of CAT and SOD in I.pseudacorus showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the increase of Pb concentration,and each index reached a maximum under the treatment of 400 mg/L.The level of MDA in the leaves of I.pseudacorus rose significantly under Pb stress,indicating that Pb stress caused the cell membrane of I.pseudacorus to be damaged by peroxidation.[Conclusions]This study provides a theoretical basis for further research and use of this plant for metal pollution remediation in the future.
基金The work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31801901)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu(BK20180314)+1 种基金the Foundation of Key Laboratory of Landscaping(KF201901),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Chinathe Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources(JSPKLB201814).
文摘Quantitative real-time PCR(qPCR)is an effective and widely used method to analyze expression patterns of target genes.Selection of stable reference genes is a prerequisite for accurate normalization of target gene expression by qRT-PCR.In Iris germanica L.,no studies have yet been published regarding the evaluation of potential reference genes.In this study,nine candidate reference genes were assessed at different flower developmental stages and in different tissues by four different algorithms(GeNorm,NormFinder,BestKeeper,and RefFinder).The results revealed that ACT11(Actin 11)and EF1α(Elongation factor 1 alpha)were the most stable reference genes in different tissues,whereas TUA(Tubulin alpha)and UBC9(Ubiquitin-protein ligase 9)were the most stable ones in different flower developmental stages.UBC9 and ACT11 were the most stable reference genes in all of the tested samples,while the SAMDC(S-Adenosylmethionine decarboxylase)showed the least stability.Finally,to validate the suitability of the selected reference genes,the relative expression level of IgTPS(beta-caryophyllene synthase)was assessed and highlighted the importance of suitable reference gene selection.This work constitutes the first systematic evaluation of potential reference genes in I.germanica and provides guidelines for future research on gene function and molecular mechanisms on I.germanica and related species.
