Room-temperature conversion of ethane and the mechanism understanding over single iron atoms confined in graphene

The catalytic conversion of ethane to high value-added chemicals is significantly important for utilization of hydrocarbon resources.However, it is a great challenge due to the typically required high temperature(> 400 ℃) conditions.Herein, a highly active catalytic conversion process of ethane at room temperature(25 ℃) is reported on single iron atoms confined in graphene via the porphyrin-like N4-coordination structures.Combining with the operando time of flight mass spectrometer and density functional theory calculations, the reaction is identified as a radical mechanism, in which the C–H bonds of the same C atom are preferentially and sequentially activated, generating the value-added C2 chemicals, simultaneously avoiding the over-oxidation of the products to CO2.The in-situ formed O–FeN4–O structure at the single iron atom serves as the active center for the reaction and facilitates the formation of ethyl radicals.This work deepens the understanding of alkane C–H activation on the FeN4 center and provides the reference in development of efficient catalyst for selective oxidation of light alkane.

Iron atom-nanoparticles for interactional enhancing the electrocatalytic reaction activity in Li-S batteries

The undesirable shuttle effect and sluggish redox kinetics of polysulfides seriously result in low sulfur utilization and poor capacity retention.Here,an integrated strategy is proposed by rational designing multifunctional architecture to manipulate the redox kinetics of polysulfides,specifically,by employing iron atoms(Fe-As)and iron-species nanoparticles(Fe-NPs)co-embedded nitrogen-doped carbon nanotube(Fe-NCNT)as catalyst and host for sulfur.The synergistic cooperation of Fe-As and Fe-NPs provides efficient active sites to facilitate the diffusion,strengthen the affinities,and promote the conversion reactions for polysulfides.Furthermore,the NCNT not only offers practical Li+transport pathways but also immobilize the polysulfides effectively.Benefiting from these merits,the Fe-NCNT/S electrodes exhibit high initial specific capacity of 1502.6 mAh/g at 0.1 C,outstanding rate performance(830 mAh/g at 2 C),and good cycling performance(597.8 mAh/g after 500 cycles with an ultralow capacity fading rate of 0.069%per cycle).This work features the distinct interaction of iron atom-nanoparticles on facilitating immobilization-diffusion-transformation process of polysulfides,and it also expected to pave the way for the application in practical Li-S batteries.

Preparation of Nano-Sized γ-Al_2O_3 Supported Iron Catalyst for Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis by Solvated Metal Atom Impregnation Methods

Two types of small iron clusters supported on γ-Al2O3-RT（dehydroxylated at room temperature） and γ-Al2O3-800 （dehydroxylated at 800 ℃） were prepared by solvated metal atom impregnation （SMAI） techniques. The iron atom precursor complex, bis（toluene）iron（0） formed in the metal atom reactor, was impregnated into γ-Al2O3 having different concentrations of surface hydroxyl groups to study the effect of surface hydroxylation on the crucial stage of iron cluster formation. Catalysts prepared in this way were characterized by TEM, Mǒssbauer, and chemisorption measurements, and the results show that higher concentration of surface hydroxyl groups of γ-Al2O3-RT favors the formation of more positively charged supported iron cluster Fen/γ-Al2O3-RT, and the lower concentration of surface hydroxyl groups of γ-Al2O3-800 favors the formation of basically neutral supported iron cluster Fen/γ-Al2O3-800. The measured results also indicate that the higher concentration of surface hydroxyl groups causes the rapid decomposition of precursor complex, bis（toluene）iron（0）, and favors the formation of relatively large iron cluster. Consequently, these two types of catalysts show different catalytic properties in Fischer-Tropsch reaction. The catalytic pattern of Fen/γ-Al2O3-RT in F-T reaction is similar to that of the unreduced γ-Fe2O3 and that of Fen/γ-Al2O3-800 is similar to that of the reduced α-Fe2O3.

Determination of Trace Iron in High Purity Sodium Fluoride by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

A method is described for the direct determination of iron in high purity sodium fluoride using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Interferences caused by the matrix are investigated. It is shown that the ashing temperature can be increased to 1 400°C and matrix interferences eliminated, the sensitivity of iron increased in 1. 27 fold by the addition of nickel nitrate. The method is applied to the determination of iron in sodium fluoride and satisfactory results are obtained.

Determination of Iron in Layered Crystal Sodium Disilicate and Sodium Silicate by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry with Boric Acid as a Matrix Modifier

The effects of matrix silicate and experimental conditions on the determination of iron in flame atomic absorption spectrometry （FAAS） were investigated. It was found that boric acid as a matrix modifier obviously eliminated silicate interference. Under the optimum operating conditions, the determination results of iron in layered crystal sodium disilicate and sodium silicate samples by FAAS were satisfactory. The linear range of calibration curve is 0-10.5 μg.mL^-1, the relative standard deviation of method is 1.2%-2.2%, the recovery of added iron is 96.0%- 101%, the sensitivity is 0.19 μg.mL^-l and the detection limit is 77 ng.mL^-1. The effect of the determination of iron of the standard curve method, standard addition calibration and colorimetry method was the same, but the first has the merits of rapid sample preparation, reduced contamination risks and fast analysis.

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定配合饲料中铜、铁和锰含量的不确定度评定

研究旨在建立火焰原子吸收光谱法测定配合饲料中铜、铁和锰含量的不确定度评定方法,真实反映测量的置信度和准确性。首先分析测定过程中的不确定度来源,对不确定度分量进行量化,然后通过数学模型计算出饲料中铜、铁和锰含量,合成扩展不确定度。结果显示:饲料中铜、铁和锰的含量分别为(11±2)、(214±10)、(92±4)mg/kg,不确定度为扩展不确定度,包含因子为2,对应的置信水平是95%。本研究发现样品消解、样品溶液浓度测定和含量重复性测量是影响饲料中铜、铁、锰含量测量中不确定度的主要因素,应特别关注样品的前处理过程、标准工作液的配制,并使待测样品的浓度落在曲线的中间位置,以提高检测准确性。

不同湿法消解体系-原子吸收分光光度法测定灵芝中铁含量

探究不同消解体系对灵芝中Fe消解的影响,构建混酸为消解体系的前处理对灵芝中Fe含量的检测方法。采用原子吸收分光光度法测定Fe的含量;以硝酸-高氯酸为基础进行对灵芝子实体的消解,以Fe的含量为指标,优化不同类型、不同体积比的混酸消解体系,对紫芝和赤芝进行湿法消解,考察最优的混酸体系对灵芝中Fe含量测定的消解效果。研究结果表明,在质量浓度为2.00~10.00μg/L范围内,Fe标准工作曲线的方程为:Y=0.0176X+0.0053,R^(2)=0.9994;在混酸体积比例为V(HNO_(3))∶V(HClO_(4))∶V(H_(2)O_(2))=8∶1∶2的体系下,测得紫芝中Fe含量为90.32μg/g,赤芝中Fe含量为86.25μg/g,RSD分别为2.43%和2.18%。

Measuring Conditions for the Determination of Lead in Iron-Matrix Samples Using Graphite Atomizers with/without a Platform in Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

In graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GF-AAS), the atomization process of lead occurring in graphite atomizers with/without a platform plate was investigated when palladium was added to an iron-matrix sample solution containing trace amounts of lead. Absorption profiles of a lead line were meas- ured at various compositions of iron and palladium. Variations in the gas temperature were also estimated with the progress of atomization, by using a two-line method under the assumption of a Boltzmann distribu- tion. Each addition of iron and palladium increased the lead absorbance in both the atomizers, indicating that iron or palladium became an effective matrix modifier for the determination of lead. Especially, palladium played a significant role for controlling chemical species of lead at the charring stage in the platform-type atomizer, to change several chemical species to a single species and eventually to yield a dominant peak of the lead absorbance at the atomizing stage. Furthermore, the addition of palladium delayed the peak after the gas atmosphere in the atomizer was heated to a higher temperature. These phenomena would be because the temperature of the platform at the charring stage was elevated more slowly compared to that of the furnace wall, and also because a thermally-stable compound, such as a palladium-lead solid solution, was produced by their metallurgical reaction during heating of the charring stage. A platform-type atomizer with palladium as the matrix modifier is recommended for the determination of lead in GF-AAS. The optimum condition for this was obtained in a coexistence of 1.0 × 10–2 g/dm3 palladium, when the charring at 973 K and then the atomizing at 3073 K were conducted.

硫掺杂铁基单原子催化剂结构与催化活性的密度泛函理论研究

通过密度泛函理论计算研究了硫原子掺杂对铁基单原子催化剂结构稳定性和催化活性的影响.采用结构优化和自由能计算的方法,评估了硫掺杂构型的热力学和电化学稳定性.结果表明:硫原子呈卫星式排布环绕单原子催化剂活性位点,形成稳定的催化剂结构,并对活性位点的电子结构进行调控.进一步比较了硫掺杂前后的催化活性,结果显示硫掺杂能够显著降低氧还原反应的过电势,特别是对称性破缺的体系表现出最低的过电势.

磷酸锰铁锂正极材料研究进展

作为锂离子电池正极材料之一,磷酸锰铁锂具有能量密度大、安全性好、成本较低等优点,被认为是磷酸铁锂理想的升级品。但是,磷酸锰铁锂较低的电导率和Li^(+)扩散系数限制了其商业化应用。介绍了磷酸锰铁锂材料性能,总结了高温固相法、共沉淀法、溶胶凝胶法、水热/溶剂热法等合成方法的优缺点,综述了碳包裹、纳米化及形貌控制、离子掺杂等改性策略,指出磷酸锰铁锂材料应具有一个合适的锰铁原子数量比;在总结前人研究成果的基础上,展望了未来磷酸锰铁锂正极材料的研究方向。

监测技术在柴油机故障分析中的综合应用

润滑油监测技术是分析润滑油中的磨损微粒,描述设备磨损状态,确定故障原因和类型的手段,但不同的监测技术各有其使用范围和局限性。以两台柴油机为例,分别用原子发射光谱,铁谱及颗粒计数等手段对柴油机油中磨损微粒的元素含量,形貌,尺寸及数量分布等进行了监测以识别柴油机的润滑状态。单独一种监测技术并不能完全反映柴油机真实的润滑状态,综合应用三种监测技术可以有效地提高识别柴油机故障的能力。

邻二氮菲荧光分光光度法测定粉状食品中铁的含量

基于在三羟甲基氨基甲烷溶液中,邻二氮菲与Fe^(2+)形成的络合物使邻二氮菲荧光强度减弱的原理,提出了题示方法。取1.0000 g样品,加入8.00 mL硝酸和5.00 mL 30%(质量分数)过氧化氢溶液,静置过夜后加热至近干,加入5.00 mL硝酸和5.00 mL高氯酸,继续加热至近干,加入2.50 mL 1.0 mol·L^(−1)硝酸溶液溶解,用水定容至25 mL。取一定体积上述溶液(蛋白质粉固态饮料样品取1.00 mL、婴儿配方奶粉样品取1.50 mL和面粉样品取2.00 mL),加入1.00 mL 50.0 g·L^(−1)盐酸羟胺溶液,静置2 min,加入4.00 mL 5.00×10^(-4)mol·L^(−1)邻二氮菲工作溶液,混匀后加入2.50 mL1.0 mol·L^(−1)三羟甲基氨基甲烷溶液(pH 8.5),用水定容至25 mL,静置10 min后在激发波长323 nm下,测量体系在363 nm处的荧光强度。结果表明:Fe^(3+)质量浓度在1.3440 mg·L^(−1)以内与邻二氮菲的荧光强度下降值呈线性关系,检出限(3s/k)为0.009 mg·L^(−1)。方法用于粉状食品中铁含量的测定,本底值的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=5)为1.7%~7.6%;按标准加入法进行回收试验,回收率为94.6%~99.9%,测定值的RSD(n=5)为1.5%~4.1%。经F检验和t检验分析,本方法与紫外-可见分光光度法、火焰原子吸收光谱法测定结果无显著性差异,但本方法的灵敏度更高。

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定土壤中游离铁含量

土壤游离铁是成土母质风化、迁移转化的产物,其形态和活化、老化程度能够反映成土过程和成土环境,可以直接反映土壤的形成环境、形成过程和气候变化。因此,准确测定土壤中的游离铁含量具有重要的现实意义。目前采用紫外分光光度法测定游离铁实验流程长,需要将高价铁还原为低价铁,加之需要显色时间24h,耗费时间长,检测效率较低。本文采用火焰原子吸收光谱法(FAAS)测定土壤中的游离铁含量,系统研究了实验条件对游离铁测定的影响,通过优化样品测定过程中碳酸氢钠的用量、反应温度、反应时间以及清洗次数,确定了称样量为0.5g,加入柠檬酸钠溶液20mL和碳酸氢钠溶液2mL,反应温度75~80℃,反应时间15~30min,再用饱和氯化钠溶液和2mL 1mol/L氯化钠溶液清洗各一次为最佳实验条件。经验证,该方法检出限(3σ)为0.05g/kg,定量限为0.20g/kg,标准曲线线性相关系数为0.9995,方法精密度(RSD,n=6)为1.95%~3.76%,标准样品测定误差小于5%,符合土壤调查样品分析测试要求,可推广应用于土壤调查中土壤和沉积物样品分析。

电热合金成分对陶瓷雾化芯性能的影响

为研究电热合金组分对电子烟雾化器性能的影响,通过采用含有不同镍铬铁元素比例的导电浆料进行厚膜烧结工艺,制备了一系列陶瓷加热雾化器,并对其加热温度、雾化寿命和总颗粒物(TPM)进行了检测分析。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)、高速温度采集器和电子烟吸烟机评估了电极成分和表面形态对雾化器性能的影响机制。研究结果表明:(1)在相同功率输出条件下,增加电极中的镍和铬含量,减少铁含量,将提高雾化器的加热温度、疲劳寿命,同时能减小雾化器随着吸烟次数增加而引起的TPM波动;(2)印刷烧结合金电极中镍铬铁元素的含量变化对电极电阻率变化影响不大,电极印刷厚度对电阻值有更为显著影响;(3)合金电极表面制备形成致密熔融金属状态,能够提高电极的传热效率并增加电极表面温度,产生更高的雾化效率。

两种分光光度法测定水中铁含量的对比研究

文章对比了两种分光光度法测定水中铁含量的检测结果,并对二氮杂菲分光光度法进行了优化改进。改进措施包括以下三方面,第一,将小火煮沸步骤改为100℃恒温水浴10 min,确保标准曲线和检测样品所用条件相同;第二,将试剂使用量减半,有利于降低成本并减少环境污染;第三,将取样量改为40 m L。通过标准曲线、检出限、精密度和加标回收实验测定,发现改进后的方法斜率更大、灵敏度更高,具有良好的精密度和准确度,检测结果真实可靠。两种分光光度法对于水中铁含量的测定均表现出了较高的灵敏度,而改进后的二氮杂菲分光光度法更适用于水中铁含量的测定。

基于单原子铁催化剂的过一硫酸盐高级氧化过程: 配位结构和活性组分

随着全球工业化的迅速发展,大量有毒污染物不断排入水体中,对水生态系统和人类健康构成了严重威胁.为应对这一挑战,人们发展高级氧化技术,其通过产生活性自由基,能够氧化并矿化有毒污染物.其中,利用非均相催化剂活化的过一硫酸盐高级氧化过程可产生多种非自由基活性物种,如单线态氧、催化剂-过硫酸盐复合体和高价态金属,这些物种具有选择性氧化特定污染物的能力.为了实现对污染物的精准处理,需要合理设计与调控非均相催化剂的结构,以选择性地产生自由基/非自由基物种.单原子催化剂具有较高的原子利用效率和明确可调控的活性位点结构,可高效且选择性活化过一硫酸盐,并产生多种活性组分.然而,由于活性组分多元的生成路径及其之间复杂的相互作用,目前对于单原子催化剂在过一硫酸盐活化过程中的结构-活性/选择性关系尚未得到深入揭示.因此,本研究旨在通过深入探究单原子催化剂的结构与性能关系,为优化催化剂设计、提升污染物处理效率提供科学依据.本文围绕最具代表性的单原子铁系催化剂,系统分析并总结了在过一硫酸盐高级氧化过程中的结构-活性/选择性关系.首先,简要介绍了单原子铁催化剂的制备方法和表征手段,以及活性位点结构的生成过程.然后,深入分析了单原子铁催化剂活化过一硫酸盐过程的研究进展和反应特性.从理论与实验角度,详细阐述了过一硫酸盐活化过程中活性物种产生的反应原理.具体来说,探讨了自由基、单线态氧、催化剂-过硫酸盐复合体和高价铁组分在不同单原子铁位点上的生成机理及鉴别方法.进一步地,分析了单原子铁催化剂活性位点的几何结构和电子结构性质对活性物种产生的影响,总结了调控活性位点的有效手段.在此基础上,建立单原子铁催化剂结构与产生活性组分之间的结构-活性/选择性关系,以期为非均相过一硫酸盐活化剂的设计提供理论指导.最后,本文还指出了基于单原子催化剂的过一硫酸盐高级氧化过程所面临的挑战,并展望了未来的发展方向.未来,应进一步发展原位/工况条件下的表征技术,以精准捕捉活化过程中活性位点的结构演变和关键反应中间体的生成,从而更深入地揭示反应机理;此外,设计具有双金属位点的催化剂,可优化多步骤反应中不同反应中间体的吸附与电荷转移过程,实现协同催化效果.本文期望为深入理解过一硫酸盐高级氧化技术的反应机理和开发高效选择性的单原子环境催化剂提供有益借鉴.

茶叶中铁含量分析技术的比对研究

选择邻菲啰啉分光光度法和石墨炉型原子吸收光谱法测定明前绿茶、大红袍茶和普洱茶3种常见市售茶叶中铁含量。研究发现,在优化的试验条件下,分光光度法和石墨炉型原子吸收光谱法,分别在0~2.0000μg/mL和0~5.0000μg/mL质量浓度范围内,铁的质量浓度与吸光度有良好线性关系。分光光度法和石墨炉型原子吸收光谱法的回收率分别为97.3%~103.8%和97.6%~102.9%,相对标准偏差RSD均小于5%。

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Supported Metal Catalysts via Solvated Metal Atom Impregnation ( V) --The Effects of Hydroxyl Group on the Surface Concentrations of SiO2 on the Properties of Supported Fe Clusters

Two kinds of small iron clusters supported on SiO2-200 (dehydroxylated at 200℃ and SiO2-600 (de-hydroxylated at 600℃) were prepared by Solvated Metal Atom Impregnation (SMAI) techniques. The iron atom precursor complex, bis (toluene) iron(0) formed in the metal atom reactor, was impregnated into SiO2 having different concentrations of surface hydroxyl groups to study the effect of surface hydroxylation on the crucial stage of iron cluster formation. Catalysts prepared in this way were characterized by THM, Mosbauer and chemisorption measurements, and the resules show that higher concentration of surface hydroxyl groups of SiO2-200 favours the formation of more positively charged support iron cluster Fen/SiO2-200 and the lower concentration of surface hydroxyl groups of SiO2-600 favours the formation of basically neutral supported iron cluster Fe2/SiO2-600. The measured results also indicate that the higher concentration of surface hydroxyl groups causes the precursor complex,bis(toluene) fron(0), to decompose more rapidly, and favours the formation of relatively large iron cluster. As a consequence, these two kinds of catalysts show different catalytic properties in Fischer-Tropsch reaction. The catalytic pattern of Fe/SiO2-200 in F-T reaction is similar to that of the unreduced a-Fe2O2, while Fe2/SiO2 -600 is similar to that of reduced α-Fe2O2.

镍基物料中铁分析方法建立

本研究采用氢氧化镧为载体,在pH=10的氨性缓冲溶液中共沉淀富集分离铁,使用空气-乙炔火焰,于原子吸收分光光度计波长248.3 nm处测定铁。结果表明,原子吸收法测定铁样品的RSD在3.21%~12.85%,加标回收率为90.0%~105.0%。

DCB浸提-土壤中游离铁三种检测方法的比较与分析

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