A Study of Chromium Adsorption on Natural Goethite Biomineralized with Iron Bacteria

Goethite, especially biogenic goethite, has high specific surface area and great capacity for the adsorption of many contaminants including metal ions and organic chelates. Chromium is a redox actively toxic metal ion that exists as either Cr^Ⅲ or Cr^Ⅵ in nature, and as such it is essential to understand its behavior of adsorption on natural goethite mineralized by iron bacteria, as Gallionella and Leptothrix in water body. The adsorption of Cr^3＋ and Cr^Ⅵ on naturally biomineralized goethite is studied in this paper. The results show that both Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isothermal models are able to accurately describe the adsorption of these two ions. Investigation of SEM/EDS, TEM/EDS indicates that the two ions do not adsorb homogeneously on goethite owing to the different microstructures of goethite, and that the microspherical goethite has a greater adsorption capacity for chromium ions than the helical one. XPS data show that redox reaction of chromium on the surface of biomineralized goethite takes place in the adsorption of both Cr^3＋ and Cr^Ⅵ. The CrvI adsorbed on biogoethite is much easier to transform into CrIII than the oxidization of Cr^Ⅲ on the bio-goethite.

Isolation of Iron Bacteria from Washing Sludge Filters Kolda (Senegal) Water Treatment Station and Study of the Kinetics of Biological Degradation of the Iron (II)

In the present work, the treatment of synthetic waters doped with iron (II) has been studied. The treatment mechanism used in this study is the biological oxidation which consists, in test tubes, of bringing bacteria isolated on Petri dishes into contact with water containing divalent iron (II). These de-ironing bacteria (non-specific bacteria) are used to carry out laboratory biological oxidation experiments on iron (II) under different pH conditions (pH = 3.4 - 3.6, pH = 7.3 - 7.5 and pH = 9.8 - 10) and variable concentration of iron (II). Biological treatment trials included different concentrations of iron during time intervals of a day. Examination of the elimination kinetics of Iron (II) indicates a removal rate of 59.453% for an initial iron concentration in the synthetic solution of 1 mg·L−1 at basic pH (pH = 9.8 - 10). Therefore, the degradation of divalent iron by this method seems to be quite effective, but it should be noted that biological nitrification is impaired by the presence of high iron concentrations above 5 mg·L−1.

The Impact of Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria, Iron, and Zinc Foliar Application on Dry Land Yellow Mustard (Brassica juncea) Grain and Oil Production

The study, conducted at the Research Farm of the College of Agriculture, University of Tabriz in 2021, focused on the effects of various nitrogen-fixing bacterial isolates, biofertilizers containing nitrogen and phosphorus, as well as iron and zinc foliar applications on mustard growth under rainfed conditions. The results indicated that biofertilizers, whether used alone or in combination with chemical fertilizers, produced comparable grain and oil outputs compared to chemical fertilizers alone. Additionally, the application of iron and zinc through foliar spraying significantly enhanced both grain and oil production. These findings suggest that integrating nitrogen-fixing bacteria and biofertilizers could reduce reliance on chemical nitrogenous fertilizers, leading to decreased production expenses, improved product quality, and minimized environmental impact. This study highlights the potential for sustainable agricultural practices in dry land farming as a viable alternative to traditional chemical-intensive methods. Substituting chemical nitrogenous fertilizers with nitrogen-fixing bacteria or biofertilizers could result in cost savings in mustard grain and oil production while promoting environmental sustainability.

Aromatic compound degradation by iron reducing bacteria isolated from irrigated tropical paddy soils

Forty-six candidate phenol/benzoate degrading-iron reducing bacteria were isolated from long term irrigated tropical paddy soils by enrichment procedures.Pure cultures and some prepared mixed cultures were examined for ferric oxide reduction and phenol/benzoate degradation.All the isolates were iron reducers,but only 56.5%could couple iron reduction to phenol and/or benzoate degradation,as evidenced by depletion of phenol and benzoate after one week incubation.Analysis of degradative capability using Biolog...

Effect of hydraulic retention time and pH on oxidation of ferrous iron in simulated ferruginous acid mine drainage treatment with inoculation of iron-oxidizing bacteria

The effect of hydraulic retention time (HRT) and pH on the biooxidation of ferrous iron during simulated acid mine drainage (AMD) treatment was investigated.The simulated AMD was highly acidic (pH 2.5), rich in iron (about 1700 mg/L) and copper (about 200 mg/L), and contained high concentrations of sulfate (about 4700 mg/L).The biooxidation of ferrous iron was studied in a laboratory-scale upflow packed bed bioreactor (PBR).The HRT was shortened stepwise from 40 h to 20 h, 13 h, and 8 h under the acidic environment at a pH value of 2.2.Then, the influent pH value was changed from 2.2 to 1.2 at a constant suitable HRT.Physiochemical and microbial community structure analyses were performed on water samples and stuffing collected from the bioreactor under different conditions.The results indicate that the efficiency of ferrous iron oxidation gradually decreased with the decrease of HRT, and when the HRT exceeded 13 h, ferrous iron in AMD was almost completely oxidized.In addition, the best efficiency of ferrous iron oxidation was achieved at the influent pH value of 1.8.Microbial community structure analyses show that Leptospirillum is the predominant genus attached in the bioreactor, and low influent pH values are suitable for the growth of Leptospirillum.

Dynamics and Activity of Iron-Reducing Bacterial Populations in a West African Rice Paddy Soil under Subsurface Drainage: Case Study of Kamboinse in Burkina Faso

Iron toxicity is one of the main edaphic constraints that hamper rice production in West African savanna and forest lowlands. Although chemical reduction processes of various types of pedogenic iron oxides could not be underestimated, the bulk of these processes can be ascribed to the specific activity of Iron-Reducing Bacteria (IRB). The reducing conditions of waterlogged lowland soils boost iron toxicity through the reduction of almost all iron into ferrous form (Fe2+), which can cause disorder in rice plant and crop yield losses. Aiming to contribute at the improvement of rice yield in Africa, an experiment was developed to evaluate the impact of subsurface drainage on IRB dynamics and activity during rice cultivation. Twelve concrete microplots with a clay-loam soil and a rice variety susceptible to iron toxicity (FKR 19) were used for the experiment. Soil in microplots was drained for 7 days (P1), 14 days (P2), and 21 days (P3), respectively. Control (T) microplots without drainage were prepared similarly. The evolution of IRB populations and the content of ferrous iron in the paddy soil and in soil near rice root were monitored throughout the cultural cycle using MPN and colorimetric methods, respectively. Data obtained were analyzed in relation to drainage frequency, rice growth stage, and rice yield using the Student t test and XLSTAT 7.5.2 statistical software. From the results obtained, the subsurface drainage reduced significantly IRB populations (p = 0.024). However, the drainage did not affect significantly ferrous iron concentration in the soil near rice roots (p = 0.708). The concentration of ferrous iron (p < 0.0001) in soil near rice roots and the number of IRB (p < 0.0001) were significantly higher during the rice tillering and maturity stages. Although no significant difference was observed for rice yield among treatments (p = 0.209), the P2 subsurface drainage showed the highest yield and the lowest concentration of ferrous iron in soil near rice roots.

Treatment of simulated wastewater from in situ leaching uranium mining by zerovalent iron and sulfate reducing bacteria

Batch and column experiments were conducted to determine whether zerovalent iron (ZVI) and sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) can function synergistically and accelerate pollutant removal. Batch experiments suggest that combining ZVI with SRB can enhance the removal of U(Ⅵ) synergistically. The removal rate of U(Ⅵ) in the ZVI+SRB combining system is obviously higher than the total rate of ZVI system and SRB system with a difference of 13.4% at t=2 h and 29.9% at t=4 h. Column experiments indicate that the reactor filled with both ZVI and SRB biofilms is of better performance than the SRB bioreactor in wastewater basification, desulfurization and U(Ⅵ) fixation. The results imply that the ZVI+SRB permeable reactive barrier may be a promising method for treating subsurface uranium contamination.

Corrosion and Electrochemical Behavior of 316L Stainless Steel in Sulfate-reducing and Iron-oxidizing Bacteria Solutions

Corrosion and electrochemical behavior of 316L stainless steel was investigated in the presence of aerobic iron-oxidizing bacteria IOB and anaerobic sulfate-reducing bacteria SRB isolated from cooling water systems in an oil refinery using electrochemical measurement, scanning electron microscopy SEM and energy dispersive atom X-ray analysisEDAX. The results show the corrosion potential and pitting potential of 316L stainless steel decrease distinctly in the presence of bacteria, in comparison with those observed in sterile medium under the same exposure time. SEM morphologies have shown that 316L stainless steel reveals no signs of pitting attack in the sterile medium. However, micrometer-scale corrosion pits were observed on 316L stainless steel sur- face in the presence of bacteria. The presence of SRB leads to higher corrosion rates than IOB. The interactions between the stainless steel surface, abiotic corrosion products, and bacterial cells and their metabolic products in- creased the corrosion damage degree of the passive film and accelerated pitting propagation.

Effect of Combined Application of Subsurface Drainage and Mineral Fertilization on Iron-Reducing Bacterial Populations’ Developments and Fe2+ Uptake by Two Rice Varieties in an Iron Toxic Paddy Soil of Burkina Faso (West Africa)

Rice is one of the staple crops in Burkina Faso. However, the local production covers only 47% of the population demands. One of the main reasons of the poor productivity in Burkina Faso is iron toxicity which is related mainly to the activity of Iron Reducing Bacteria in the rice field’s ecosystems. In order to control the harmful effects of Iron Reducing Bacterial populations and to improve rice productivity, a pots experiment was conducted at the experimental site of the University Ouaga I Pr. Joseph KI-ZERBO. An iron toxic soil from Kou Valley (West of Burkina Faso) and two rice varieties, BOUAKE-189 and ROK-5, sensitive and tolerant to iron toxicity, respectively, were used for the experiment. The pots were drained for 14 days (D2) and amended with chemical fertilizers (NPK + Urea and NPK + Urea + Ca + Mg + Zn complexes). Control pots without drainage and fertilization (D0/NF) were prepared similarly. The kinetics of Iron Reducing Bacterial populations and ferrous iron content in soil near rice roots were monitored throughout the cultural cycle using MPN and colorimetric methods, respectively. The total iron content was evaluated in rice plant using a spectrometric method. Data obtained were analyzed in relation to drainage and fertilization mode, rice growth stage and rice yield using the Student’s t-test and XLSTAT 2014 statistical software. The experiment showed that the combined application of subsurface drainage and NPK + Urea + Ca + Mg + Zn fertilization, reduced significantly the number of IRB in the soil near rice roots for both rice varieties (p = 0.050 and p = 0.020) increased the leaf tissue tolerance to excess amounts of Fe, and rice yield.

Effect of Fertilization on the Dynamics and Activity of Iron-Reducing Bacterial Populations in a West African Rice Paddy Soil Planted with Two Rice Varieties: Case Study of Kou Valley in Burkina Faso

Iron toxicity is a major stress to rice caused by a high concentration of reduced iron, in the soil in many lowlands worldwide. To reduce iron toxicity in the West African lowlands, an investigation was performed at the site of the University of Ouagadougou, in pots containing an iron toxic soil from the Kou Valley (West of Burkina Faso). The experiment objective was to study the effect of mineral fertilizer on Iron Reducing Bacteria (IRB) dynamics and activity during rice cultivation, iron accumulation in rice plant and rice biomass yield under iron toxicity conditions. BOUAKE-189 and ROK-5 rice varieties, sensitive and tolerant to iron toxicity, respectively, were used for the experiment. The pots were amended with chemical fertilizers (NPK + Urea and NPK + Urea + Ca + Mg + Zn complex). Control pots without fertilization were prepared similarly. The kinetics of IRB and ferrous iron content in soil near rice roots were monitored throughout the cultural cycle using MPN and colorimetric methods, respectively. The total iron content was evaluated in rice plant using spectrometric method. Data obtained were analyzed in relation to fertilization mode, rice growth stage and rice yield using the student’s t-test and XLSTAT 2014 statistical software. The experiment revealed that NPK + Urea and NPK + Urea + Ca + Mg + Zn fertilization, decreased significantly (p < 0.0001) the number of IRB in the soil for BOUAKE-189 rice varieties. In most pots, highest IRB densities and ferrous iron content in soil were recorded from rice tillering and flowering to maturity stages, indicating that rice plants promoted microbial processes and iron reduction in soil. From the study, the NPK + Urea amendment decreased significantly ferrous iron content (p < 0.0001) in soil near BOUAKE-189 and ROK-5 rice varieties roots relatively to control pots. However, NPK + Urea + Ca + Zn + Mg amendment increased significantly ferrous iron content (p < 0.0001) in the soil near roots, Fe accumulation in plant biomass and rice yield for the two rice varieties.

Effect of microbial mediated iron plaque reduction on arsenic mobility in paddy soil

The potential of microbial mediated iron plaque reduction, and associated arsenic （As） mobility were examined by iron reducing bacteria enriched from As contaminated paddy soil. To our knowledge, this is the first time to report the impact of microbial iron plaque reduction on As mobility. Iron reduction occurred during the inoculation of iron reducing enrichment culture in the treatments with iron plaque and ferrihydrite as the electron acceptors, respectively. The Fe（II） concentration with the treatment of anthraquinone-2, 6-disulfonic acid （AQDS） and iron reducing bacteria increased much faster than the control. Arsenic released from iron plaque with the iron reduction, and a significant correlation between Fe（II） and total As in culture was observed. However, compared with control, the increasing rate of As was inhibited by iron reducing bacteria especially in the presence of AQDS. In addition, the concentrations of As（III） and As（V） in abiotic treatments were higher than those in the biotic treatments at day 30. These results indicated that both microbial and chemical reductions of iron plaque caused As release from iron plaque to aqueous phase, however, microbial iron reduction induced the formation of more crystalline iron minerals, leading to As sequestration. In addition, the presence of AQDS in solution can accelerate the iron reduction, the As release from iron plaque and subsequently the As retention in the crystalline iron mineral. Thus, our results suggested that it is possible to remediate As contaminated soils by utilizing iron reducing bacteria and AQDS.

海洋微生物对C40混凝土耐腐蚀性能的影响

将C40混凝土分别置于灭菌海水、富集硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)海水和富集铁细菌(IOB)海水中干湿循环2400 h,通过化学滴定法和交流阻抗谱(EIS)研究了SRB菌和IOB菌对混凝土耐腐蚀性能(氯离子扩散规律)的影响。结果表明:SRB和IOB微生物膜层均呈龟裂状态,无法有效阻隔海水侵蚀;SRB和IOB降低了混凝土内部的pH值;经SRB和IOB腐蚀后混凝土的氯离子扩散系数分别为4.65×10^(-10)m^(2)/s和4.20×10^(-10)m^(2)/s,比灭菌海水环境下分别提高了63.16%和47.37%。

石墨烯介导铁还原菌耦合针铁矿体系降解四氯化碳

研究了氧化石墨烯(GO)、还原氧化石墨烯(rGO)及双氧水改性还原氧化石墨烯(rGO(H__(2)O_(2)))3种石墨烯介导铁还原菌耦合针铁矿体系的铁还原过程以及该体系强化降解四氯化碳的机理。结果表明:不同石墨烯均能有效促进铁还原菌还原针铁矿和铁还原菌耦合针铁矿体系对四氯化碳的降解,其中rGO的促进作用最为显著,其机理主要与石墨烯表面的醌类等基团具有更强的电子传递能力、吸附态Fe(Ⅱ)浓度高及能生成还原能力强的次生铁矿蓝铁矿等因素有关。

盐度对硝酸盐还原型铁氧化菌亚铁氧化与硝酸盐还原的影响研究

作为重要的嗜中性铁氧化菌,硝酸盐还原型铁氧化菌一直以来都被认为是在环境污染修复中具有广阔应用前景的一类微生物,其广泛分布于淡水沉积物、地下水、稻田土壤、海岸沉积物等各种盐度的水土环境中。已有研究指示,盐度可能会对此类铁氧化菌的生长代谢和亚铁氧化过程产生抑制作用,但是具体作用机制尚不清楚。为深入探究盐度对硝酸盐还原型铁氧化菌生长代谢的影响,选取Acidovorax sp.BoFeN1为模式菌株,设置微宇宙培养实验,并利用NaCl调节反应体系盐度(NaCl质量浓度分别为0、15、35、55 g·L^(-1))。通过监测反应过程中亚铁离子和硝酸盐的浓度变化,并对产物进行矿物学表征,探究硝酸盐还原型铁氧化菌在不同盐度条件下亚铁氧化和硝酸盐还原过程;进一步设置真实海水(盐度为34 g·L^(-1))的模拟实验对实验结果进行验证。亚铁氧化和硝酸盐还原动力学结果表明,尽管低浓度氯化钠影响不大,但当NaCl质量浓度为35 g·L^(-1)和55 g·L^(-1)时,Acidovorax sp.BoFeN1的亚铁氧化和硝酸盐还原过程会被促进。利用SEM、XRD和FTIR对反应终点产物进行物相分析,结果显示盐度会促进微生物亚铁氧化成矿类型由纤铁矿向针铁矿转变。最后,真实海水验证实验表明,在海水提供的盐度条件下Acidovorax sp.BoFeN1的亚铁氧化和硝酸盐还原能力分别提升了1.2倍和1.3倍;此时,微生物亚铁氧化的成矿类型为纤铁矿和针铁矿。这一结果与微宇宙培养实验所得结论一致。从环境意义上看,该研究证明了硝酸盐还原型铁氧化菌能够适应海水入侵等高盐水土污染环境,更新了盐度抑制细菌代谢的传统认识,这将有助于推动此类细菌在高盐环境污染修复中的应用。

嗜酸铁氧化细菌生物矿化研究进展及其应用

重点介绍嗜酸铁氧化细菌的胞内胞外矿化研究进展,概述嗜酸铁氧化细菌胞内矿化产物性质和影响矿化产物合成的因素,整理现阶段磁性纳米颗粒的合成机制;对嗜酸铁氧化细菌胞外矿化产物的合成原理和影响因素进行汇总;最后总结嗜酸铁氧化细菌矿化产物的应用前景,并指出当下磁性纳米颗粒研究的不足。针对研究现状提出未来依赖分子生物学解析胞内矿化机制并拓展其应用范围的新思路,该研究有望为进一步研究嗜酸铁氧化细菌胞内胞外矿化及其应用提供理论指导。

根际溶铁细菌与AM真菌协同提高石灰性土壤铁有效性的机制研究

石灰性土壤普遍存在铁有效性低导致的植物缺铁黄化现象,严重影响农业可持续发展。筛选高效溶铁细菌并探讨其与菌根真菌(AMF)协同提高土壤有效铁含量、改善植物铁营养机制具有重要意义。以石灰性土壤和番茄(Lycopersicon esculentum)为试材进行盆栽试验,分别接种Advenella kashmirensis(B1)、Arthrobacter cupressi(B2)、Klebsiellavariicola(B3)、Variovorax guangxiensis(B4)和Enterobacter ludwigii(B5)5株细菌,以不接菌处理为对照(CK),筛选出高效溶铁菌株B1、B2和B3。将其与纯培养得到的AM真菌孢子(Rhizoshagu irregularis,Ri)组合,设置单独接种AM真菌(Ri)、单菌与Ri(B1+Ri、B2+Ri和B3+Ri)、菌群与Ri(B1+B2+B3+Ri)共接种处理,进一步探究单菌及菌群与AMF协同促进石灰性土壤难溶性铁的活化和促进植物铁吸收的机制。结果表明:(1)与对照相比,接种B1、B2和B3能够显著促进番茄生长,根系和地上部全铁积累量分别提高6.48倍和2.61倍(B1)、4.11倍和2.03倍(B2)、4.37倍和2.25倍(B3);新叶活性铁含量分别提高74.21%、1.33倍和1.75倍。(2)与单接AMF相比,不同共接种组合显著增加番茄生物量,各部位平均全铁积累量显著提高58.32%~119.43%,其中B3+Ri处理、B1+B2+B3+Ri处理下番茄根系活性铁含量分别提高41.47%和44.30%、新叶活性铁含量分别提高12.61%和12.77%。不同共接种组合处理显著提高AM真菌的菌根侵染率,较单接AM真菌处理提高13.35%~30.99%;根系铁还原酶活性增加9.86%~22.07%,根系LeFIT1、LeFRO2和LeMYB72基因表达显著上调。与单接AM真菌相比,B3+Ri和B1+B2+B3+Ri处理下根际土壤pH分别降低0.21和0.09,土壤有效铁含量分别提高15.78%和55.23%。综上,AM真菌与3株高效溶铁细菌的协同作用可显著提高石灰性土壤铁有效性并改善植物铁营养,不同类型溶铁细菌与AMF的协同作用机制不同,为解决石灰性土壤铁有效性低的问题提供了微生物途径。

围垦养殖对滨海湿地土壤铁还原菌群落结构的影响

【目的】探究滨海湿地围垦养殖前后土壤铁还原菌群落的结构变化､功能演变及其影响因素,了解湿地微生物多样性的变化。【方法】以我国黄河口碱蓬湿地､九龙江口桐花树湿地､东寨港木榄湿地为样地,利用高通量技术分析铁还原菌的群落结构,并采用盐酸浸提-邻菲罗啉比色法测定土壤中Fe(Ⅲ)､Fe(Ⅱ)含量。【结果】(1)围垦养殖后,黄河口围垦区的拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)为优势菌门,九龙江口围垦区和东寨港围垦区的优势菌门均为变形菌门(Proteobacteria);黄河口围垦区的拟杆菌属(Bacteroides)为优势菌属,九龙江口围垦区的弧菌属(Vibrio)､脱硫单胞菌属(Desulfuromonas)､硫杆菌属(Thiobacillus)为优势菌属,东寨港围垦区的气单胞菌属(Aeromonas)和硫杆菌属为优势菌属。(2)围垦养殖后,黄河口围垦区微生物化能异养､发酵功能的相对丰度升高;东寨港围垦区微生物化能异养､有氧化能异养､发酵以及硝酸盐还原功能的相对丰度升高;九龙江口围垦区微生物有氧化能异养､硝酸盐还原功能的相对丰度升高。(3)冗余分析结果显示:土壤pH值对铁还原菌群落结构的影响最大;Fe(Ⅱ)含量对土壤铁还原菌群落结构的影响比Fe(Ⅲ)含量大。【结论】围垦养殖后,土壤理化性质以及Fe(Ⅲ)､Fe(Ⅱ)含量会对铁还原菌产生影响,其中,pH值的影响最大;铁还原菌群落的适应性强,有利于养殖。

铁还原细菌矿化产物及其对铁建造沉积的指示意义

铁还原细菌是微生物诱导矿化的典范之一,它可以利用有机质或氢气作为电子供体还原三价铁,并在细胞外矿化形成多种含铁矿物,比如磁铁矿、菱铁矿、蓝铁矿和绿锈等矿物,从而广泛参与自然界中铁元素的生物地球化学循环过程。本文主要介绍铁还原细菌矿化产物的矿物特征、形成条件和影响因素。此外,通过实验室内建立严格厌氧的环境体系,以与微量元素共沉淀的水合氧化铁为底物,本研究分别利用Feap2+和铁还原细菌Shewanella oneidensis MR-4合成非生物成因和生物成因的磁铁矿,结果发现微量元素的存在会改变磁铁矿的形貌和粒径。结合前人提出的微生物可能参与铁建造沉积的过程,本文评估了微量元素作为识别矿物成因指标的有效性,探讨铁还原细菌矿化产物对铁建造沉积的潜在贡献。