Ultraviolet‑Irradiated All‑Organic Nanocomposites with Polymer Dots for High‑Temperature Capacitive Energy Storage

Polymer dielectrics capable of operating efficiently at high electric fields and elevated temperatures are urgently demanded by next-generation electronics and electrical power systems.While inorganic fillers have been extensively utilized to improved high-temperature capacitive performance of dielectric polymers,the presence of thermodynamically incompatible organic and inorganic components may lead to concern about the long-term stability and also complicate film processing.Herein,zero-dimensional polymer dots with high electron affinity are introduced into photoactive allyl-containing poly(aryl ether sulfone)to form the all-organic polymer composites for hightemperature capacitive energy storage.Upon ultraviolet irradiation,the crosslinked polymer composites with polymer dots are efficient in suppressing electrical conduction at high electric fields and elevated temperatures,which significantly reduces the high-field energy loss of the composites at 200℃.Accordingly,the ultraviolet-irradiated composite film exhibits a discharged energy density of 4.2 J cm^(−3)at 200℃.Along with outstanding cyclic stability of capacitive performance at 200℃,this work provides a promising class of dielectric materials for robust high-performance all-organic dielectric nanocomposites.

Effect of Camel Milk Fortified with Dates in Ice Cream Manufacture on Viscosity, Overrun, and Rheological Properties during Storage Period

The effect of using camel milk with 2 dates types (Sokary & Al-Khalas), in 3 forms (paste, pieces, and molasses), with 2 different concentrations (5% & 10%) in the manufacturing of ice cream on its viscosity, overrun%, rheological and melting properties during storage period up to 60 days at -18&#176C was studied. It was noticed that there are higher mean of viscosity values (cp) when using “Al-khalas” dates paste 5% and 10% followed by samples with “sokary” paste then samples with molasses in ice cream samples compared to those with added date’s pieces of either “Sokary” or “Al-khalas”. There are significant differences of overrun values between all treatments and samples with the added date paste of either “sokary” or “Al-khalas” which recorded the lowest values. Increased melting resistance and good qualities as heat shock and melting properties were significantly better for the samples with added dates pieces or paste unlike the molasses. The storage effect is obvious decline, especially when using dates molasses.

Isolation and Identification of Pathogenic Fungi in Kiwifruit during the Storage Period

[Objectives]The paper was to identify the pathogenic species of postharvest diseases of kiwifruit.[Methods]The pathogenic fungi were isolated from diseased kiwifruits during the storage period,and cultured to observe their culture traits and morphological characteristics.Molecular biological identification and pathogenicity test were carried out to confirm the main pathogens.[Results]There were 7 species of pathogenic fungi causing kiwifruit diseases during the storage period,including Alternaria spp.,Botryosphaeria dothidea,Phomopsis/Diaporthe spp.,Pestalotiopsis sp.,Pseudocercospora sp.,Colletotrichum sp.,and Botrytis cinerea.[Conclusions]The research will provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of postharvest diseases of kiwifruit.

Effect of Different Storage Periods on Egg Quality Traits of Ducks

The present study was conducted in each 20 eggs stored at 65 °F with 75% relative humidity, for a period of 5 weeks （T-I） 4 weeks （T-2）, 3 weeks （T-3）, 2 weeks （T-4） and 1 week （T-5） with broad end up. The external qualities of eggs like egg weight, length, width and volume were measured. After recording the external qualities the eggs were broken on a glass plate for studying the internal qualities. Storage period had no statistically significant effect on egg weight （g）, egg volume （%）, shell thickness （mm）, shell weight （g） and shell percentage. Egg weight values determined in this present study was between 61.10 and 64.91 g. The egg volume （%）, egg shell thickness （mm）, shell weight （g） and shell percentage for different storage periods were 87.46 and 98.52, 0.28 and 0.34 5.29 and 5.98; and 8.16 and 9.44 respectively. Yolk weight （g）, yolk percentage and albumen percentage was significantly affected （P 〈 0.01） by storage period and the values ranging between 32.20 and 36.40, 48.59 and 58.53 and 32.01 and 43.24 respectively. Storage period had no statistically significant effects on egg shape index and specific gravity. The storage periods on yolk index, yolk colour, albumen index and Haugh unit were statistically significant （P 〈 0.01）. Yolk index value decreased significantly when storage period was lengthened. This study concluded that yolk index, yolk colour, albumen index, albumen percentage and Haugh unit were decreased with increase in storage time.

Effect of Postharvest UV-C Irradiation on Phenolic Compound Content and Antioxidant Activity of Tomato Fruit During Storage

Mature-green tomato fruit （Solanum lycopersicum cv. Zhenfen 202） were exposed to different UV-C irradiation at 2, 4, 8, and 16 kJ m-2 and then stored under the dark at 14°C and 95% relative humidity （RH） for 35 d. Of these four doses, UV-C irradiation at 4 and 8 kJ m-2 significantly increased total phenolic contents in present tomato fruit by 21.2 and 20.2%, respectively. Furthermore, UV-C irradiation at 4 or 8 kJ m-2 promoted the accumulation of total flavonoids and increased the antioxidant activity. 2 or 16 kJ m-2 UV-C irradiation also enhanced antioxidant activity, but to a lesser extent. Seven phenolic compounds, viz., gallic acid, （＋）-catechin, chlorogenic acid, cafferic acid, syringic acid, p-coumaric acid, and quercetin in tomato fruit were identified and quantified by HPLC. Gallic acid was the major phenolic compound in tomato fruit and significantly correlated with antioxidant activity. 4 or 8 kJ m-2 UV-C irradiation significantly increased the contents of gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, syringic acid, p-coumaric acid, and quercetin. The optimum dose of UV-C irradiation in terms of increased phenolic compound content and enhanced Antioxidant activity was determined to be 4 or 8 kJ m-2.

Storage Stability in Reversion Mutation of a Rice Line Devoid of LOX-1, 2 Acquired by Ion Beam Irradiation

The effect of absence of lipoxygenase isoenzyme （LOX） on storage stability was investigated. Rice mutant 1297 without lipoxygenase isoenzyme-1 （LOX-1） or lipoxygenase isoenzyme-2 （LOX-2） generated by ion beam irradiation from Wanjian2090 and reversion mutant RM1297 with LOX-1 and LOX-2 were subjected to an accelerated-aging experiment. Shanyou63 （with LOX-1 and LOX-2 ） served as control. Results showed that the germination and dehydrogenase activity decreased while the electrical conductivity and free fatty acid content increased in all varieties with accelerated aging. In 1297 that lacked LOX-1 and 2, there were slight changes in germination, dehydrogenase activity, membrane permeability and free fatty acid content during the thirty-day accelerated-aging experiment. But in varieties with LOX-1 and LOX-2, significant changes were observed, suggesting that LOX-1, 2 might be a definite factor which influenced seed lifespan. This study also indicates that ion beam irradiation may be used as mutagen to generate mutant and reversion mutants for biological study and could become a new direction in ion beam application.

Effects of Co-60 gamma-irradiation and refrigerated storage on the quality of Shatang mandarin

The effectiveness of Co-60 gamma irradiation in controlling citrus red mite(Panonychus citri McGregor)had been proved in our earlier work.However,whether it could be used as an alternative method to replace the current way of quarantine treatment against citrus red mites depends on the performances of effective doses on citrus fruits.This study was conducted to explore the effects of Co-60 gamma irradiation on the nutrient composition of citrus(Shatang mandarin);selected fruits were divided into different groups and each group was irradiated at 0.0,0.2,0.3,0.4,0.5,and 0.6,respectively.And then the treated fruits were stored at 4◦C and the nutrient composition was studied in the following days.The results showed that the shelf-life could be extended when fruits were irradiated in the dose range of 0.2–0.4 kGy,while most unirradiated citrus decayed by 15 d.It also turned out that the citrus irradiated at 0.5 and 0.6 kGy were fully decayed within 45 d of refrigerated storage.The content of total soluble solids(TSS),total sugar,ascorbic acid(AA),and titratable acidity had no significant differences compare to those of the control during the 15 d storage period.Nevertheless,the activities of peroxidase(POD)and superoxide dismutase(SOD)decreased after 15 d;the improvement of storage quality and shelf life may be explained by the change of the protective enzyme activity.In conclusion,the results of citrus fruit treated with irradiation at a certain dose indicated the potential use of Co-60 gamma irradiation as a safe quarantine treatment.©2014 Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V.All rights reserved.

Reinforcement learning-based scheduling of multi-battery energy storage system

In this paper, a reinforcement learning-based multibattery energy storage system(MBESS) scheduling policy is proposed to minimize the consumers ’ electricity cost. The MBESS scheduling problem is modeled as a Markov decision process(MDP) with unknown transition probability. However, the optimal value function is time-dependent and difficult to obtain because of the periodicity of the electricity price and residential load. Therefore, a series of time-independent action-value functions are proposed to describe every period of a day. To approximate every action-value function, a corresponding critic network is established, which is cascaded with other critic networks according to the time sequence. Then, the continuous management strategy is obtained from the related action network. Moreover, a two-stage learning protocol including offline and online learning stages is provided for detailed implementation in real-time battery management. Numerical experimental examples are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed algorithm.

Effects of Cashew Seeds Storage Duration on Germination and Performance of Seedlings in Tanzania

A field trial was set in 2018/2019 season to investigate the capacity of cashew seeds to germinate and its vegetative performance with respect to the storage period at Agricultural Research Institute-(TARI-Naliendele), Mtwara-Tanzania. The variable investigated was the duration of the cashew seeds storage period. Cashew seeds were harvested at polyclonal seed gardens (PSG) for three harvesting seasons 2016, 2017 and 2018 consecutively;seeds were sorted, weighed and soaked before sowing to test viability in respective to storage time. Using a randomized complete block design obeying factorial approach the experiment was laid with three replications. The observed growth parameters were height (cm), number of leaves, leaf length (cm), leaf width (cm), leaf area (sq cm), leaf area index (LAI), canopy diameter (cm) and seedlings canopy ground area (sq cm). The analysis was done by using GenStat under Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) on seed germination. The findings indicated that cashew seeds harvested in 2018 were the superior in both germination and growth vigor differing significantly (p < 0.05) from other seeds harvested in the previous years. Cashew seeds harvested in 2017 were weak and those harvested in 2016 were the worse such that no seeds were able even to germinate. Thus, it is recommendable to sow cashew seeds harvested at the current season for sowing than those stored for more than a year.

Investigating the Effect of Methylcyclopentadienyl Manganese Tricarbonyl on the Properties of Unleaded Motor Gasoline (1): Induction Period

In this paper, the effect of MMT on the induction period of unleaded motor gasoline was studied, the manganese concentration, storage period of MMT-blended gasoline and environmental variables such as temperature and radiation intensity were considered to be main factors affecting the induction period of gasoline,when MMT-blended gasoline was exposed to light. It is found from experiments that the addition of MMT can improve the induction period of gasoline that is shielded from light, and reduce the induction period remarkably,when the gasoline is exposed to light. However, the radiation intensity is proved to be the leading influencing factor among all the environmental variables investigated.

Brief analysis on rainwater regulation and storage for pressure alleviation of municipal drainage system

Rainwater plays an important role in the improvement of the drainage performance while leaving the drainage network structure and capacity unchanged.Based on the comparison of rainwater storage performance in projected rainwater drainage systems it shows that the rainwater storage facilities based on the current rainfall intensity computing formulation can improve the drainage system.The results show that the decentralized rainwater drainage network in municipal drainage helps to reduce the designed rainfall intensity capacity in the drainage network.Thus the effect can be equal to increasing the rainfall duration in the rainwater drainage network design.Therefore the rainwater storage facilities in decentralized networks optimize the rainwater drainage network in community rainwater drainage design.It also reduces the capacity of the drainage network and improves the safety of the municipal rainwater drainage system in residential areas.

Influence of the Storage Duration at Different Temperatures on the Concentrations of Extractable Inorganic Soil Nutrients

The influence of the short storage periods at different temperatures on the concentrations of extractable soil cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+ and K+) and anions (Cl-, SO4- and PO4- ) has been investigated in nine soil samples from Nile river terraces at River Nile State, North of Sudan (17.82289 to 17.82389N and 33.99974 to 34.02127E). Each soil extract is divided into three treatments: i) control (immediately analyzed);ii) storage for 10 days and;iii) storage for 30 days. Each treatment is replicated three times: i) storage at 10°C;ii) storage at ambient laboratory temperature (25°C) and;iii) storage at 45°C in incubator. Statistical analysis of results reveals that significant difference are found at level (P - and PO4- (0.043, 0.002, 0.001, 0.021, 0.004 and 0.001) respectively at 25°C and 45°C and storage periods of 10 and 30 days. In contrast, significant difference is also found at level (P - concentrations are significantly decreased when the storage period exceeds 10 days and temperature more than 25°C. Depending upon our study results;we conclude that, all extractable inorganic nutrients are clearly affected by storage periods at various temperatures, exception of Na+. Most cations and anions are increased significantly with increased of storage period and temperatures. We therefore highly recommend that the extractable inorganic soil nutrients should be rapidly analyzed in order to obtain accurate results;otherwise, the time between extraction and analysis should be carefully recorded which may help considerably interpreting data from various studies.

不同干燥方式对发酵豆乳粉品质的影响

以活菌数、水分含量、感官品质、消化特性、贮藏稳定性、干燥能耗和得率为指标,探究发酵豆乳粉的最佳干燥方式。结果表明:真空冷冻干燥处理的发酵豆乳粉具有较高的乳酸菌活菌数、抗性淀粉含量和贮藏稳定性,并具有较好的色泽、外观和冲调性,但其能耗高,生产效率较低;喷雾干燥处理的发酵豆乳粉具有较好的色泽、外观和冲调性,且水分含量低,其乳酸菌活菌数和贮藏稳定性略低于真空冷冻干燥,贮藏6个月后的活菌数仍能保持在7.31 lg CFU/g,且其干燥速度快,能耗小,适于发酵豆乳粉的规模化生产;与其他两种方式相比,45℃热风干燥处理的发酵豆乳粉冲调性和贮藏稳定性最差。综上,考虑到生产效率、能耗优势和产品质量,建议在发酵豆乳粉生产中运用喷雾干燥技术。

基于变时段设计改进多目标差分进化算法的风/光/火/储日前优化调度

在高比例新能源馈入的新型电力系统中,新能源出力的不确定性导致火电难以满足调度计划的精度需求,风/光/火/储系统的经济调度求解算法面临严峻挑战。为此,提出一种基于变时段设计的多目标差分进化算法。首先按各时段负荷特征构建风/光/火/储系统的变时段日前调度规则。进而以系统运行经济成本与污染排放量为目标,基于多目标差分进化算法求解变时段系统日前调度模型的Pareto解集。最后,用IEEE 39节点系统进行测试。结果表明在风、光、储与火电的约束条件均符合校验的情形下,相较于其他算法,该方法使计算结果更加优化,火电机组出力跟踪调度计划效果显著提高,验证了所提方法的有效性。

考虑多热源协同互补的含先进绝热压缩空气储能系统容量配置方法

先进绝热压缩空气储能(advanced adiabatic compressed air energy storage,AA-CAES)具备天然的热电联供特性,能够有效缓解供热期出现的弃风问题。若能在规划阶段充分考虑运行需求,进而合理地配置储能容量,则能够在解决弃风问题的前提下,最大程度对燃煤机组进行清洁替代。为此,该文提出了多热源协同互补的AA-CAES系统容量配置模型。首先本模型在能量输入端引入电锅炉预热压缩机入口空气,以增大压缩机输气系数并提高机组产热量;其次在扩展热源端,通过太阳能反射镜场收集光热,以提高系统储热水平;并在计及储能系统各模块实际运行效率约束之余,以运行总成本最小为目标,计算储能容量配置最优解。再次,分析供热时长及环境温度等因素对投资成本回收年限的影响,并计算不同情况下本模型投资成本的回收年限,得出建设本模型可盈利的硬性条件;最后,基于东北某地区供热期及非供热期典型日负荷及气象数据在IEEE-39节点系统完成算例分析,验证所提模型有效性。

有机肥施用量对酿酒葡萄品质形成关键时期需水量的影响研究

对不同有机肥施用量条件下酿酒葡萄品质形成关键时期需水量进行分析,探讨有机肥施用量与水分需求的关系,为制定科学高效的酿酒葡萄供水策略提供理论支撑。研究表明,有机肥适量配施有助于提升酿酒葡萄土壤贮水保墒性能,液体纳米有机肥对于土壤表层(0~20 cm)的含水率增加明显,T2、T3处理果实膨大期与转色期增加最为明显,相较于CK分别增加了70.77%、28.60%;不同土层土壤总贮水量,T1处理在果实膨大期具有较好的土壤贮水性能,T2处理在果实转色期土壤总贮水量较为丰富,相较于CK,分别增加14.85%与52.19%。通过Penman-Monteith公式和田间水量平衡法计算分析,T1处理酿酒葡萄果实膨大期与T2处理果实转色期均存在进一步节水的潜力。

溏心卤蛋杀菌工艺优化及其贮藏期间品质变化

为了开发高品质溏心卤蛋,本文利用水浴模拟巴氏杀菌条件,优化溏心卤蛋巴氏杀菌工艺,使其更有利于工业化生产销售。研究了单因素条件下质构、感官评分和菌落总数的变化。在单因素实验基础上采用响应面优化杀菌条件,并在最佳杀菌条件下测定了溏心卤蛋的贮藏品质。结果表明,杀菌温度65℃,杀菌时间20 min时,杀菌效果最佳,此时菌落总数为(0.37±0.025)×10^(3)CFU/g。贮藏实验结果表明,随着贮藏时间延长,硫代巴比妥酸值和挥发性盐基氮含量整体呈增加趋势。pH、含水量、色泽和感官评分均逐渐下降。贮藏期为16 d时,菌落总数值达到(1.47±0.063)×10^(4)CFU/g,已超出国家标准中微生物可接受水平限量值1×10^(4)CFU/g,其贮藏期在16 d以内。综上,巴氏杀菌技术可用于溏心卤蛋的生产加工。

电子束辐照对仓储烟叶菌虫害的防治效果及烟叶品质影响

使用200keV和10MeV电子加速器分别研究了电子束辐照对烟草中的烟草甲虫及细菌的杀灭效果以及对烟叶品质的影响。研究表明:通过电子束辐照可高效、快速实现烟叶内部所有菌虫的无害化,辐照后的烟叶在仓库验证中有良好的保持性,38 d内未检出任何菌落。辐照对烟叶的基本理化指标、有机酸含量及矿质元素含量无明显影响,过高能量会使烟叶中的新植二烯挥发损失,从589.91μg/g降至418.64μg/g,使其香气质量有一定程度降低。针对仓储烟叶的未来辐照实际应用,Fluka仿真结果表明,3MeV能量的电子束足以穿透现有烟叶堆积密度的整箱储运烟叶。

^(60)Co-γ射线辐照对真空包装火腿肠低温贮藏品质的影响

为探究^(60)Co-γ射线辐照对真空包装的火腿肠品质的影响并确定较优辐照剂量,分别采用0,1,3,6,9 kGy的^(60)Co-γ射线辐照处理真空包装的火腿肠,于4℃下冷藏60 d。检测储藏期内火腿肠菌落总数、质构、色差、pH值、TBARS值、TVB-N值和感官品质的变化。结果表明,经辐照处理的火腿肠在储藏期内菌落总数均未超过国家标准,辐照剂量越高,抑菌效果越显著;随着储藏时间的延长,火腿肠的硬度值总体呈下降趋势,其中3~6 kGy辐照处理的火腿肠的硬度值最稳定;辐照后各试验组火腿肠的L^(*)初始值无显著变化,a^(*)初始值显著下降,在整个储藏期内3~6 kGy辐照处理的火腿肠的色泽保持最稳定。随着储藏期的延长,pH值逐渐下降,辐照剂量越高,pH值下降速率越小;辐照后火腿肠的TBARS初始值均高于对照组,但储藏结束时3~6 kGy辐照剂量组TBARS值显著低于其他试验组(P<0.05)。储藏过程中,6~9 kGy辐照组能显著抑制TVB-N值上升(P<0.05);辐照后火腿肠产生辐照味,导致感官评价的风味指标评分初始值下降,但能在储藏过程中延缓感官品质的下降。综上,3~6 kGy能最大程度保持火腿肠储藏期内品质稳定。

多孔介质低渗测试气体周期振荡法理论研究

目前,多孔介质低渗测试主要采用高精度气体稳态法和气体脉冲衰减法,缺少对气体周期振荡法的深入探讨和分析。基于气体周期振荡法基本原理和试验方法,提出了3种基于不同控制方式模拟生成周期波气压边界条件的方法,以及在试样上游和下游分别设置1个体积可调的气体储存容器的试验设备方案。基于孔隙流体介质的讨论,将Fischer等提出的以不可压缩流体为渗流介质的周期法理论解,推广到以可压缩流体为渗流介质的情况,扩大了周期法理论解的适用范围,并讨论了各参数之间的物理意义及其联系。基于气体周期振荡法理论解,进行了2个特例分析,优化了理论解中复杂分项的处理。通过一系列正交对照计算案例,对比了气体周期振荡法理论解和数值解的计算结果,讨论了渗透率、孔隙率、下游容器体积、试样直径和长度等对试验过程的影响,验证了理论解的准确性和可靠性,并对理论解的不足进行了说明,在此基础上,给出了气体周期振荡法试验的优化设计策略。