With changing climatic conditions and snow cover regime, regional hydrological cycle for a snowy basin will change and further available surface water resources will be redistributed. Assessing snow meltwater effect o...With changing climatic conditions and snow cover regime, regional hydrological cycle for a snowy basin will change and further available surface water resources will be redistributed. Assessing snow meltwater effect on runoff is the key to water safety, under climate warming and fast social-economic developing status. In this study, stable isotopic technology was utilized to analyze the snow meltwater effect on regional hydrological processes, and to declare the response of snow hydrology to climate change and snow cover regime, together with longterm meteorological and hydrological observations, in the headwater of Irtysh River, Chinese Altai Mountains during 1961-2015. The average δ^(18) O values of rainfall, snowfall, meltwater, groundwater and river water for 2014–2015 hydrological year were-10.9‰,-22.3‰,-21.7‰,-15.7‰ and-16.0‰, respectively.The results from stable isotopes, snow melting observation and remote sensing indicated that the meltwater effect on hydrological processes in Kayiertesi River Basin mainly occurred during snowmelt supplying period from April to June. The contribution of meltwater to runoff reached 58.1% during this period, but rainfall, meltwater and groundwater supplied 49.1%, 36.9% and 14.0% of water resource to annual runoff, respectively. With rising air temperature and increasing snowfall in cold season, the snow water equivalent(SWE) had an increasing trend but the snow cover duration declined by about one month including 13-day delay of the first day and 17-day advancement of the end day during 1961–2016. Increase in SWE provided more available water resource. However, variations in snow cover timing had resulted in redistribution of surface water resource, represented by an increase of discharge percentage in April and May, and a decline in Juneand July. This trend of snow hydrology will render a deficit of water resource in June and July when the water resource demand is high for agricultural irrigation and industrial manufacture.展开更多
The Irtysh River Basin refers to a water conservation area and a vital ecological barrier in Xinjiang and also partially in Central Asia.Here,the technical solution for the ecological protection and the restoration of...The Irtysh River Basin refers to a water conservation area and a vital ecological barrier in Xinjiang and also partially in Central Asia.Here,the technical solution for the ecological protection and the restoration of the Mountains-Rivers-Forests-Farmlands-Lakes-Grasslands system(MRFFLGs)pilot project in the Irtysh River Basin is refined,by complying with the core concept,i.e.,"mountains,rivers,forests,farmlands,lakes and grasslands are a community of life".The solution stresses the specific characteristics of ecologically protecting and restoring MRFFLGs in the Irtysh River Basin,which aim to reduce ecological water use,soil erosion,forest and grassland degradation,the ecological destruction of mines,water environment pollution and other issues.With overall protection,system restoration,district policy,and problem orientation as the overarching ideas,162 sub-items of 44 major items with seven categories have been designed and implemented in the project.In addition,some highlights of the management experience that are worth promoting when the pilot project is being implemented are also summarized(e.g.,the use of laws to solve historical problems,scientific argumentation and third-party evaluation,proactive guidance for the engagement of people,modern information technology support,and integration with local sustainable development).Lastly,four policy suggestions are proposed:(1)Building a model of systematic protection and restoration by using basins as the basic geographic unit;(2)Establishing and optimizing key weak links of systems and mechanisms;(3)Focusing on remedying the shortcomings of regional talents,technology and capital;and(4)Promoting the MRFFLGs project to integrate"industry,city,people,and tourism"for carrying out a large-scale system project.展开更多
额尔齐斯河河谷生态系统是新疆重要的水资源战略储备区,更是北疆抵御自然灾害的生态屏障。受水利工程建设、滥垦滥伐、过度放牧等因素影响,额尔齐斯河流域水文情势发生改变,引发洄游性鱼类繁衍受阻、林草面积衰退、生物多样性下降等问...额尔齐斯河河谷生态系统是新疆重要的水资源战略储备区,更是北疆抵御自然灾害的生态屏障。受水利工程建设、滥垦滥伐、过度放牧等因素影响,额尔齐斯河流域水文情势发生改变,引发洄游性鱼类繁衍受阻、林草面积衰退、生物多样性下降等问题。为探究水文情势变化与生态环境改变间关系,采用IHA-RVA方法(Indicators of Hydrologic Alteration-Rang of Variability Approach),对额尔齐斯河流域布尔津水文站进行水文情势改变度评估。研究表明,额尔齐斯河河谷生态系统为中度改变,建议采取以下措施:保证生态用水需求,生态流量应遵循天然状态丰、平、枯水期规律;布设过鱼设施,并合理控制高、低流量脉冲发生次数;5-7月各水利工程应相互配合进行生态淹灌调度,及时补充地下水。展开更多
基金funded by the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KJZD-EW-G03-04, QYZDJSSW-DQC039)the National Science Foundation of China (NSFC 41630754, 41690144, 41421061)the Foundation of the State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences (SKLCS) at Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources (NIEER), CAS (SKLCS-OP-2017-10, SKLCS-ZZ2016)
文摘With changing climatic conditions and snow cover regime, regional hydrological cycle for a snowy basin will change and further available surface water resources will be redistributed. Assessing snow meltwater effect on runoff is the key to water safety, under climate warming and fast social-economic developing status. In this study, stable isotopic technology was utilized to analyze the snow meltwater effect on regional hydrological processes, and to declare the response of snow hydrology to climate change and snow cover regime, together with longterm meteorological and hydrological observations, in the headwater of Irtysh River, Chinese Altai Mountains during 1961-2015. The average δ^(18) O values of rainfall, snowfall, meltwater, groundwater and river water for 2014–2015 hydrological year were-10.9‰,-22.3‰,-21.7‰,-15.7‰ and-16.0‰, respectively.The results from stable isotopes, snow melting observation and remote sensing indicated that the meltwater effect on hydrological processes in Kayiertesi River Basin mainly occurred during snowmelt supplying period from April to June. The contribution of meltwater to runoff reached 58.1% during this period, but rainfall, meltwater and groundwater supplied 49.1%, 36.9% and 14.0% of water resource to annual runoff, respectively. With rising air temperature and increasing snowfall in cold season, the snow water equivalent(SWE) had an increasing trend but the snow cover duration declined by about one month including 13-day delay of the first day and 17-day advancement of the end day during 1961–2016. Increase in SWE provided more available water resource. However, variations in snow cover timing had resulted in redistribution of surface water resource, represented by an increase of discharge percentage in April and May, and a decline in Juneand July. This trend of snow hydrology will render a deficit of water resource in June and July when the water resource demand is high for agricultural irrigation and industrial manufacture.
基金The Major Science and Technology Projects in Altay Region(E0035219)The National Natural Science Foundation of China(41630644+1 种基金42001139)The China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2020M670472)。
文摘The Irtysh River Basin refers to a water conservation area and a vital ecological barrier in Xinjiang and also partially in Central Asia.Here,the technical solution for the ecological protection and the restoration of the Mountains-Rivers-Forests-Farmlands-Lakes-Grasslands system(MRFFLGs)pilot project in the Irtysh River Basin is refined,by complying with the core concept,i.e.,"mountains,rivers,forests,farmlands,lakes and grasslands are a community of life".The solution stresses the specific characteristics of ecologically protecting and restoring MRFFLGs in the Irtysh River Basin,which aim to reduce ecological water use,soil erosion,forest and grassland degradation,the ecological destruction of mines,water environment pollution and other issues.With overall protection,system restoration,district policy,and problem orientation as the overarching ideas,162 sub-items of 44 major items with seven categories have been designed and implemented in the project.In addition,some highlights of the management experience that are worth promoting when the pilot project is being implemented are also summarized(e.g.,the use of laws to solve historical problems,scientific argumentation and third-party evaluation,proactive guidance for the engagement of people,modern information technology support,and integration with local sustainable development).Lastly,four policy suggestions are proposed:(1)Building a model of systematic protection and restoration by using basins as the basic geographic unit;(2)Establishing and optimizing key weak links of systems and mechanisms;(3)Focusing on remedying the shortcomings of regional talents,technology and capital;and(4)Promoting the MRFFLGs project to integrate"industry,city,people,and tourism"for carrying out a large-scale system project.
文摘额尔齐斯河河谷生态系统是新疆重要的水资源战略储备区,更是北疆抵御自然灾害的生态屏障。受水利工程建设、滥垦滥伐、过度放牧等因素影响,额尔齐斯河流域水文情势发生改变,引发洄游性鱼类繁衍受阻、林草面积衰退、生物多样性下降等问题。为探究水文情势变化与生态环境改变间关系,采用IHA-RVA方法(Indicators of Hydrologic Alteration-Rang of Variability Approach),对额尔齐斯河流域布尔津水文站进行水文情势改变度评估。研究表明,额尔齐斯河河谷生态系统为中度改变,建议采取以下措施:保证生态用水需求,生态流量应遵循天然状态丰、平、枯水期规律;布设过鱼设施,并合理控制高、低流量脉冲发生次数;5-7月各水利工程应相互配合进行生态淹灌调度,及时补充地下水。
